(共54张PPT)
Nature world and environment
Beizhang Junior High School
Zhang Yan
中考话题模块复习
galaxy
the Milky Way
The Milky Way has more than five hundred billion stars. Scientists say the universe contains billions of galaxies.
the moon
satellite
an astronaut
send up
space
rocket
China National Space Administration
八下
One planet seven worlds
Asia
South America
Europe
Africa
North America
Oceania
Antarctica
A
A
B
C
the Atlantic
Ocean
the Indian
Ocean
the Arctic Ocean
the Pacific
Ocean
the equator
the Pacific Ocean
D
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Continents and oceans
What can we learn in geography class
Have you ever been abroad
八下
North America
Population: 550million
Rivers and mountains: The Great Lakes
The Rocky Mountains
Area: 24million
square kilometres
Canada
the U.S.
Mexico
area
population
language
flag
national animals
places of
interest
location
capital
the farthest north
35million
French English
Ottawa
beaver
Niagara Falls
red and white
七上
___is ___of ___. It is ____ in area. It has a population of__. The __ people speak__. Its capital city is__. The flag is /has __. __is the national animal. __is famous , you can ____.
south of Canada
American
315million
English
Washington D.C.
stars and strips
eagle
the Statue of Liberty
Mexican
110million
Spanish
Mexico City
the biggest
smaller than
the smallest
Canadian
Europe
Oceania
It is one of the largest countries in the world.
It lies on the south coast of the Pacific. Sydney is the biggest city of it. It is famous for Koala and Kangaroo.
Guess！
It’s an English-speaking country. Its flag has the same colours as that of the U.S. A lion is the symbol as a national animal. There is a famous clock tower called Big Ben.
七上
Africa
South America
Asia
Europe
China is a large country with five thousand years history. It stands in _____and lies on the west coast of the ocean. It covers an ____of 9,600,000square kilometers. It has the largest ________of 1.4 billion.
There are many places of ______in China, such as the Great Wall, the Palace Museum, Terra Cotta Warriors and so on. Hainan and Guangdong by the sea are the perfect places for a summer holiday, but if you like to visit China in winter, you can try _______on the mountains in Ha’erbin.
China has developed quickly in recent years. I love my country! Welcome to China!
Asia
area
population
interest
skiing
世界
The world
area
population
language
flag
national animals
places of interest
location
capital
QUICK QUIZ
Animals
ant bear bird butterfly bee cat cow
chicken camel dog duck elephant fish frog
fly fox goose(geese) goat giraffe hen horse
lamb lion monkey mouse(mice) / rat panda
pig rabbit shark sheep snake tiger tail
wolf(wolves) whale wing zebra…
Plants
bamboo bud branch flower forest fruit grass
leaf(leaves) rose root stem tree vegetable…
八下
Animals are humen’s friends
Animals help people in many ways .
Animals and plants help to keep the balance of nature.
With the rapid development of the society, environment is faced with new problems and challenges.
The world is in danger
Our world is in danger.We must do something 1 the environment. But, what are the main problems we face
The greenhouse effect
The atmosphere around the Earth is necessary 2 all living things.It is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping heat from getting out.Without 3 , the Earth would be the same as the Moon—cold and lifeless.
When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide(CO2).Too much of this gas 4 the atmosphere, and causes it to keep in too much heat.As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earth’s temperature is increasing.This causes sea level 5 , and in the future may cause cities to disappear.
Cutting down forests
Every year,we destroy nature by cutting down huge areas of forests. This makes the greenhouse effect worse 6 trees take in CO2 and produce oxygen.Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals where live in our forests, and causes the surface of the soil to be 7 destroyed by rain.This can result in floods and even 8 damage to the environment.
Bad habits
Many of our habits cause pollution. People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as litter.This creates mountains of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas.
In order to protect the environment, we need to take proper 9 .
We should be different from many customers and become “green consumers”.This means that we should only buy and use products friendly to the environment.We should also recycle as many things as we can.We can reuse things for the same purpose as before, or we can use them for new purposes.If we just learn to live in new and different ways, we can make 10 difference.
( )1.A.protecting B.protected C.to protect D.protect
( )2. A.of B.to C.with D.for
( )3. A.it B.its C.it’s D.itself
( )4. A.pollute B.was polluting C.polluted D.pollutes
( )5. A.rising B.to rising C.to rise D.rise
A
D
C
( )6. A.and B.because C.but D.though
( )7. A.easy B.easily C.easier D.the easiest
( )8. A.much B.more C.less D.little
( )9. A. action B. lessons C. rest D. buses
( )10. A.the B.an C.a D./
A
B
B
B
C
C
D
跟着教材写段落：(1 minute)
Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. In many places,1._________________________________________
(垃圾被扔进湖里和河里), so many of them are polluted. In some cities, 2_____________________________________________
(空气中充满了污染). This makes people ill, and more people are hurt in the future3_____________________.(如果它不净化）
语段训练:环境问题的现状及看法: 【牛津八下Unit8P114】
rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers
the air is filled with/full of pollution
if it's not cleaned up
Endangered
animals
Cutting down
forests
Pollution
eating wild animals
rubbish/garbage
Don't let our tears become the last drop of water on the earth.
What should we do
We should stop cutting trees and plant as many trees as possible.
People cut too many trees. There will be no forest.
We should stop from pouring waste water into rivers.
People pour waste water into the rivers, it makes the fish and animals die.
We should stop “buying and eating”.
We humans kill the tigers for their fur and bones.
跟着教材写段落：(1 minute)
People may think that bigs things have to be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth1._________________________
(从小事开始).For example, you can save electricity by2_______
_________________(关掉灯) when you leave a room. You can also use reusable bags 3_____________________(而不是塑料袋). And instead of driving to school or work, you can4_________________
(骑自行车或走路）. If it's far, you can 5______________(乘坐公交车).
语段训练:保护环境问题的措施:【人教九Unt13 P100】
begins with small things
turning
off the lights
instead of plastic bags
ride your bike or walk
take the bus
Pass the law
Protect the habitats of animals
Use clean energy
Save water
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
We should call on everyone to protect the environment from now on.
It is very necessary and important to take care of our environment.
I believe if everyone tries his best to protect our environment，the world will become more beautiful.
Our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future.
It's useful to begin with small things to save the world.We can't hope for rapid change，but every little bit helps.
We all need a healthy environment.Let's repeat these three words daily: reduce，reuse and recycle.
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment，the world will be much more beautiful.
Useful expressions
《英语课程标准》中关于“自然”的子话题有：1.动物和植物；2.山川与河流；3.季节；4.宇宙；5.人与自然。关于“世界与环境”的子话题有：1.国家与民族；2.环境保护；3.人口。分析河北近10年(2010～2019)中考书面表达的命题形式可知，针对此话题，共考查过1次：2018年根据图片和提示写一篇关于“乱丢垃圾”的短文。通过描述图片中男人乱丢垃圾这一现象，倡导人们对不文明行为应及时制止，增强对环境保护的意识。
从全国来看，关于“自然、世界与环境”的相关话题主要从以下角度进行考查：
1．环境保护的措施和建议(2018乌鲁木齐，2017鄂州)；
2．对未来环境问题的看法和解决方法(2018河南，2016衡阳)；
3．为建设美丽家乡或城市所做的环保活动(2019宜昌，2019德州，2019湘西州)。
(原创题)河北一直致力于生态环境保
护建设，你想不想也为自己的家乡河北
建言献策呢？请你根据下面表格提示，
写一篇以“How to Protect Our Environ-
ment”为题的英语短文，不少于80词。
【审题指导】这篇书面表达要求介绍如何保护环境，属于建议做法类文章。在描述做法、问题及提出建议时，应使用一般现在时态。表格中给出了作文的要点：一是目前人们不明智的做法；二是导致的问题；三是提出建议，注意在提出建议时，从“我们”的角度出发，根据自己的观点发挥，主要使用第一人称。
Writing
◎失分点
表格内的信息提示了写作的框架，因此学生写作时难度不大。容易失分的地方主要有：
1．汉语信息译成英文时有障碍，可能出现不会翻译或翻译不准的情况，如“土地沙化”；
2．滥用时态，没有仔细推敲提示信息是正在发生还是强调客观情况还是造成的影响等；
3．提出建议或环保倡议时句式单一，不能灵活运用各种句式结构。
【写作导图】
◎句子升格
1．A lot of rich land becomes desert. (用as a result和change into升格句子，注意使用恰当的时态)
__________________________________________________________
2．Recycling can protect the environment. It can also save money. (用not only…but also…升格句子)
__________________________________________________________
3．Take action and our world will become beautiful. (用if引导的条件句和比较级升格句子)
_________________________________________________________
As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert.
Recycling can not only protect the environment but also save money.
If we take action，our world will become more and more beautiful.
Homework
【佳作欣赏】
How to Protect Our Environment
As time goes by, man is making the earth sick.
People cut down too many trees and throw rubbish here and there. Many factories pour waste water into rivers and lakes. As a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert. Many rivers and lakes are dirty now. The air is becoming worse and worse. The temperature becomes higher and higher. Many people are in bad health.
I think everyone is supposed to reduce the waste. Recycling can not only protect the environment but also save money. What's more, we'd better not buy bottles or boxes which people can use only once. If we take action，our world will become more and more beautiful.
【名师赏析】这篇文章内容完整，不仅涵盖了所有要点，也提出了自己的建议，这些建议非常合理，也很切题，是一篇佳作。as time goes by, throw rubbish here and there, as a result, be in bad health等短语的运用，体现了作者丰富的语言积累和深厚的语言功底。同时，作者还多次使用了比较级结构和定语从句，使全文语言结构丰富，句式多样，让文章更出彩。最后一句用条件状语从句来表达，提出号召的同时总结全文。
一、常用话题词汇
1. 动物名称: panda, bear, lion, tiger, elephant, giraffe, rabbit, horse,
kangaroo, cat, dog, monkey, zebra…
2. 动物的外貌与特性: black and white, large and strong, a long
neck, quiet and shy, scary and terrible…
3. 山川与河流: meters high/wide/long; amazing, fantastic, wonder-
ful, great…
4. 四季及对应的活动: (1)spring: fly kites, have an outing; (2)sum-
mer: go swimming; (3)autumn/fall: climb mountains, watch the
falling leaves; (4)winter: make a snowman, go skating/skiing
5. 环境相关词汇: pollute, dirty, low carbon, in danger, be harmful to,
take action, deal with, put sth. to good use/make full use of, throw
away…
二、佳句欣赏与运用
◆谚语类
Don't let our tears become the last drop of water on the earth.不要让
我们的眼泪成为地球上最后一滴水。
◆环境状况描述
It is reported that air pollution is becoming worse and worse/more
and more serious.
As far as I know, we are short of water in China.
With the rapid development of the society, environment is faced with
new challenges.
If the pollution continues, we won't have a healthy and happy life.
Many trees have been cut down and wild animals are losing their
homes.
◆保护环境的具体方法
Reduce(use less)：
Turn off lights when you leave the classroom.
Don't order more food than you can finish.
Before you buy something，think about whether it is necessary.
Save water as possible as you can.
We'd better use public transportation to reduce air pollution.
Try to use both sides of paper.
Reuse(use again)：
Use cloth bags and china cups instead of plastic bags and paper cups.
【仿写】我们上学应尽可能步行或骑自行车，而不是坐公交车。
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Use something that can be used many times.
Use things for as long as possible.
Recycle(change things into something else to be reused)：
Divide rubbish into plastic，glass，paper and rubber(橡胶)．
Buy products such as recycled paper to help save trees.
◆倡议环保
We can do a lot of things in order to live a low carbon life.
We should plant as many trees as possible to protect our environment.
We should call on everyone to protect the environment from now on.
We should walk or ride bikes as much as possible instead of taking a
bus to school.
◆倡议环保
【仿写】我们应该号召每个人参与到志愿者活动中来。
___________________________________________________________
It is very necessary and important to take care of our environment.
I believe if everyone tries his best to protect our environment，the
world will become more beautiful.
Our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future.
It's useful to begin with small things to save the world.We can't hope
for rapid change，but every little bit helps.
We all need a healthy environment.Let's repeat these three words
daily: reduce，reuse and recycle.
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment，the
world will be much more beautiful.
We should call on everyone to take part in the voluntary activities.
中考真题典例剖析（2014邵阳）
假设你叫王磊，目前，我市正在开展创建“文明卫生城市”，学校也提出了“垃圾不落地，校园更美丽”的口号，为了积极响应学校号召，上周你和几位同学到火车站进行志愿者活动，贡献自己的一份力量。请把你所做的事写一封电子邮件告诉你的好朋友Bob。
Place: Train station;
Time: From 8:00 to 12:00 on Saturday morning;
People: You and some classmates;
Activities: Clean the benches, pick up the rubbish, sweep the ground;
Feeling: A little tired but happy.
细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：
文章为电子邮件，要求向朋友讲述在响应“文明卫生城市”“垃圾不落地，校园更美丽”的活动中，我和同学们一起到火车站进行志愿者活动的事情（包括时间、地点、人物、 活动、感受）。
2. 本文描述自己的经历，写作时用第一人称，其他人用第三人称。
3. 回忆事件通常用一般过去时，抒发个人情感及感悟用一般现在时。做到语句通顺，书写规范，卷面整洁，语法正确。
4. 词数应不少于80词，不得出现真实姓名、校名。
【审题指导】
Bob,
①I’m writing to tell you about a voluntary activity last week. ②My classmates and I decided to do something to make it cleaner and tidier. ①开门见山地引出事件；
②动词的复合宾语结构，make sth. adj.， make it cleaner and tidier “使……更清洁、更整洁”，增加了文章的可读性；
【范文点评】
③First, we cleaned the benches, and then we
picked up the rubbish and advised others not
to throw rubbish here and there. At noon, we
swept the ground together and then we left. ③固定词组cleaned the benches
picked up the rubbish等的运彰
显小作者词汇之丰富，也是增
分的亮点；
④We were a little tired after long hours
of hard work, but we were still very happy. I
hope everyone will ⑤make a contribution to
improving the environment of our city.
Hope to write soon. Best wishes!
Yours,
Wang Lei ④点明主题并升华，a little tired but happy“有点累但是很高兴”；
⑤make a contribution to “为……做出贡献”
彰显了小作者词语运用的娴熟，也给文章增色不少。
(B)
A new rubbish sorting system(垃圾分类系统)has been put into use in Fangchengyuan Community in Beijing.Local people not only sort their rubbish,but also put QR codes(二维码)on it.
“When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen,I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money,” one of the local people told reporters.“It’s really creative and encouraging.”
This smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing.The capital of China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support rubbish sorting.For example,Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish people and organizations for not sorting rubbish correctly.
China produces quite a lot of rubbish every year.Much of the rubbish is buried(填埋)in soil or burned without being sorted.Landfills (填埋场)take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby.And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases.Through rubbish sorting,we can reduce the use of landfills and air pollution.
What’s more,rubbish sorting saves resources,which could bring economic benefits(经济利益).For example,a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850 kg of paper,saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water.Because of their benefits,some countries have developed successful sorting systems.
Japan has a strict and detailed system.When people throw away a water bottle,the cap,the wrapper (包装纸)and the bottle itself have to go into three different bins.Every year,families receive special rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments.They are advised to follow the timetables and directions when they throw away rubbish.
In Australia,every family is provided with three rubbish bins—the red lid (盖子)bin for “general waste” like food and plastic bags,the yellow lid bin for “recycling” like steel and glass,and the green lid bin for “green waste” such as grass and leaves.On the streets,the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside.It makes recycling quite easy.
( )6.What will local people probably get if they put daily rubbish into the new system in Fangchengyuan Community
A.A computer.
B.A car.
C.A lot of money.
D.Some small gifts.
D
( )7.Which of the following is NOT the consequence (后果)of burying rubbish
A.Polluting soil.
B.Polluting water.
C.Taking up a lot of land.
D.Saving resources.
D
( )8.Which paragraph discusses the economic benefits of rubbish sorting
A.Paragraph 3.
B.Paragraph 4.
C.Paragraph 5.
D.Paragraph 6.
C
( )9.In Australia,which bin should you put food left in after dinner
A.The red lid bin.
B.The yellow lid bin.
C.The green lid bin.
D.The black lid bin.
A
( )10.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A.In Australia,the green lid bin is used for all kinds of recyclable (可回收利用的)wastes.
B.In Japan,all kinds of things for recycling are printed on rubbish bins.
C
