2022届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解长难句分析建议4（附重点词汇用法）讲义

阅读理解长难句分析建议4（附重点词汇用法）--2022届高考英语二轮复习

长难句1：Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms’ impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary.
译文：在这个背景下，政府内部就是否发表风力发电厂对乡村的影响的官方报告存在着争议，这件事愈演愈烈。
分析：主句是the fact becomes even more extraordinary；that 引导同位语从句，说明fact。介词短语over whether to publish an official report on wind farms’ impact on the countryside 作argument 的定语。
点拨：
against this background：在这个背景下

长难句2：Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them.
译文：即使有证据表明风力发电厂有害，对于那些不喜欢它们的人来说，也不是什么惊喜。
分析：even if 引导的让步状语从句中，that 引导一个同位语从句补充说明先行词evidence，后半句中的who 引导一个定语从句修饰先行词people。

长难句3：Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.
译文：同样，支持者必然通过承认担忧的存在，并说明这些担忧要么是错的，要么就值得多加关注，来为他们的观点进行辩护。

长难句4：The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way.
译文：有人建议进行进一步的协商以产生一份可接受的报告，这表明两党组成的联合政府这种政治形式正在以某种方式危害国家。
分析：本句的主干是The suggestion... Suggests ...，第一个that 引导一个同位语从句说明the suggestion，第二个that 引导的从句作谓语动词suggests 的宾语。
点拨：
further negotiation：进一步协商
in a certain way：以某种方式

长难句5：Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.
译文：鉴于涉及到的敏感性，所有的信息应该公布于众，这样人们就能自己得出结论，而不是怀疑事实正在被政治信仰取代。given 意为“考虑到，鉴于”，Given the sensitivities involved 作状语，主句为all the information should be available，so that 引导结果状语从句，rather than being left with the suspicion that facts are being replaced by political beliefs 作状语，其中的that 引导同位语从句，说明suspicion 的内容。
点拨：
reach one’s own conclusions：得出自己的结论

长难句6：But Professor Robert Weighs at Washington State University argues that poorly designed hunting policies might be causing an increase in cougar-human conflicts.
译文：但是，华盛顿州立大学的罗伯特教授认为，糟糕的狩猎政策可能会导致美洲狮与人类之间的冲突增加。
an increase in：在……方面的增加

长难句7：And a study shows that the heavily hunted area has five times as many cougar complaints as the lightly hunted area — even though the density of cougars is about the same in both areas.
译文：研究表明，在狩猎严重的地区对美洲狮的投诉是轻度狩猎区的五倍。尽管美洲狮在这两个地方的分布密度几乎一样。
分析：倍数表示法“数字+times as ... as”。
点拨：
the heavily hunted area：重度狩猎区
the lightly hunted area：轻度狩猎区

长难句8：Weighs suspects that hunting policies, which allow older males to be killed to keep cougar populations in check, were the culprit and teenage cougars in the heavily hunted area may be responsible for most of the trouble.
译文：威尔格斯怀疑，狩猎政策是罪魁祸首，因为为了控制美洲狮的数量，这些政策允许猎杀年老的雄性美洲狮。所以在重度狩猎区，年轻美洲狮可能是造成大部分麻烦的罪魁祸首。
分析：that引导宾语从句，作suspects 的宾语；which引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词hunting policies。
点拨：
keep ... in check：控制……
be responsible for：对……负责，是……的原因

长难句9：With these findings, Weighs believes without adults to keep them under control, the disorderly teens are more likely to come into conflict with humans, farm animals and pets.
译文：根据这些发现，威尔格斯认为没有了成年美洲狮的管理，这些不守秩序的小美洲狮更有可能和人类、耕畜以及宠物发生冲突。
点拨：
keep ... under control：把……控制住
be more likely to do sth：更有可能做某事
come into conflict with：与……发生冲突

长难句10：In many cases, the new arrivals have been squeezed out of remote wilderness habitat and forced into areas where they are more likely to encounter humans.
译文：在许多情况下，这些新来者被排挤出偏远的野生栖息地，被迫进入他们更有可能遇到人类的地区。
分析：where引导定语从句修饰先行词areas。
点拨：
in many cases：在很多情况下
the new arrivals：新来的人或物(arrival此处意为“新来的人或物”，迟到者可说“late arrivals”)
squeeze sth out of：把某物挤出……
encounter：偶然碰到；come across
长难句11：This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number.
译文：这意味着，例如，诈骗者可以用一个你看起来很熟悉的号码打电话给你，然后用和银行出纳员一模一样的声音和你说话，骗你“确认”你的地址、母亲的姓名和卡号。
分析：这句话的主干为This means that…，that后为宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是a scammer，谓语动词为could call和talk；在宾语从句中有一个what引导的宾语从句和that引导的定语从句；Tricking you into …为分词短语作状语。
点拨：
trick sb into doing sth:诱使某人做某事

长难句12：As has been all too apparent in recent days at Buncombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy.
译文：显然，近几天在Buncombe，鲜有什么事比能源政策引起的关注更大。
分析：这是一个主从复合句，前半句是as引导的一个非限制性定语从句，as指代主句的内容。
点拨：
concern：关注，关切

长难句13：Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms; yet they never take “directaction”, even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage.
译文：许多乡村社区觉得乡村正在被风力发电厂的发电机器毁掉。尽管规划法使他们处于非常不利的地位，他们从未采取过直接行动。
点拨：
the power-producing machines：发电机器(=the machines that produce power)
put sb at a severe disadvantage：使某人处于非常不利的地位

长难句14：Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace.
译文：那些不同意风力发电厂快速扩张的人声称，风力发电带来的损害远远超过益处，因为他们的发电量远比不上他们要取而代之的火力发电厂。
分析：这是一个主从复合句，主句中who引导一个定语从句修饰先行词those，主句的谓语是state，其后是that引导的一个宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中，又分别有两个定语从句they cause修饰先行词the damage和they bring修饰the benefits。在because引导的原因状语从句中，that指代前边出现的energy output，定语从句they are supposed to replace省略了关系代词that或which，修饰先行词the carbon-based power stations。
点拨：
out of proportion to / with：与……不相称
output： (发电机的) 发电量，输出功率(out+put)

长难句15：Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU targets fornon-carbon energy generation.
译文：支持者坚持认为，风能必须在可再生能源中有一席之地，就像核能和碳一样，而且该国致力于实现欧盟非碳能源发电的目标。
分析：该句包含两个that引导的宾语从句，作谓语动词insist的宾语。
点拨：
be committed to doing sth：致力于做某事
meet ... targets / meet the target of：实现……目标

长难句16：We may not understand what makes 18-year-old males more likely than 48-year-old men to do dangerous things, Weighs says, but we know that the world would be a different place, if teenagers were in charge.
译文：“我们可能不明白，是什么让18岁的男孩比48岁的男人更有可能做危险的事情，”威尔格斯说，“但我们知道，如果青少年掌权，世界将会变得不一样。”
分析：what引导宾语从句作understand的宾语；that引导宾语从句作know的宾语，这个宾语从句是一个虚拟条件句。
点拨：
make sb more likely to do sth：让某人更有可能做某事
be in charge：负责，主管

长难句17：We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.
译文：我们以10比1赢得比赛，我被评为最有价值的球员，但是我经常做疯狂的梦，在
梦中我要为Miller 的事故负责任。
分析：本句为复合句，in which 在句中引导定语从句修饰先行词dreams。
点拨：
be to blame for：对……负责

长难句18：I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from.
译文：我确信，在这个世界上，他最不想得到我的帮助。
分析：he wanted to accept assistance from 是定语从句修饰先行词person。
点拨：
the last person / thing：最不可能的/ 不适当的人/ 事

长难句19：Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me.
译文：虽然受到了伤害，但他没有被打败，他仍然领先于我。
长难句20：They dropped off blankets and candles, then began sticking around to chat.
译文：他们放下毯子和蜡烛然后开始聊天。
点拨：
drop off：顺便把……送到某处
stick around：留在原地，不走开

长难句21：They started to teach me a belief in a different American Dream — not the one of individual achievement but of neighborliness.
译文：他们开始教给我一个不同的美国梦的信念，它不是个人成就，而是睦邻友好。
分析：
破折号后面是一个not ... but...结构，“不是……而是……”；the one 替代American Dream，but 后省略了the one。
点拨：
individual achievement：个人成就
neighborliness：和睦的邻里关系

长难句22：We’d all be in shelters if we hadn’t banded together.
译文：如果我们不相互依靠，我们可能都还在避难所里。
分析：
此句是个错综时间虚拟条件句。从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反。
点拨：
shelter：夜晚收留无家可归之人的福利社
band together：相互依靠(本意为“联合”)

长难句23：The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. It’s not much about what I can get for myself; it’s about how we can all get by together.
译文：我现在信仰的美国梦是一个共同的梦想——它不关乎我自己能得到什么，而关乎我们如何能一起度过难关。
点拨：
get by：设法度过

长难句24：Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.
译文：定一个关注明确输入的目标，可能比专注于结果的目标更有效。
分析：
本句的主语是动名词短语creating agoal，that 引导定语从句修饰先行词a goal。
点拨：
focus on：集中于
well-specified：明确规定的

长难句25：As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success.
译文：只要你能直接控制自己的目标，就更可能会成功。
点拨：
as long as：只要
have direct control over：直接控制……
have a much higher chance of：更有可能……

长难句26：This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily.
译文：这就是一个明确的，基于行动的目标(即文中一直强调的“输入”)，你可以很容易地衡量你的成功。
分析：
for which引导定语从句修饰先行词goal。
点拨：
a well-specified action-based goal：7一个明确的、基于行动的目标

长难句27：His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.
译文：他的主要发现是，基于激励的输入，可以取得成就，但是如果是基于输出，则没有效果。
分析：
that 引导表语从句；两个when 后都省略了they were。

长难句28：That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.
译文：也就是说，我们往往关注结果，却不去控制输入。

长难句29：Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.
译文：他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸作斗争，屡战屡败。
misfortune:厄运；不幸

长难句30：I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
译文：我指的是那些已经停止学习，不再成长的人，他们接受了一成不变的态度和观点，这些态度和观点往往是经年累月形成的。
分析：
who引导定语从句修饰先行词people，在这个定语从句中有because引导的一个状语
从句和that引导的定语从句，这个定语从句修饰the fixed attitudes and opinions。
点拨：
fixed:固定的；不变的

长难句31：Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desires — that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.
译文：无论我们的处境如何，我们通常还会怀有梦想、希望和渴望——为我们自己，也为我们所爱的人，希望可以得到的多一点点。

长难句32：Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we do things, upcome the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.
译文：但知道我们可以拥有更多也会产生问题，因为当我们改变做事的方式时，旧的模式和陷阱就会出现，阻止我们追求最初想要的东西。
分析：
knowing we can have more can also create a problem是主句，because when we go to change ... in the first place是原因状语从句。在从句中，when we go to change the way we do things是时间状语从句，that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place是定语从句，修饰先行词the old patterns and pitfalls。up come the old patterns and pitfalls... 用了全部倒装语序, 只因主语部分较长。
点拨：
seek：追寻，寻求；look for
in the first place：一开始，起初