2022届高考英语二轮复习：动词不定式作定语和结果状语讲义
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：动词不定式作定语和结果状语讲义 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 22.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-03-07 08:07:16 | ||
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动词不定式作定语
1、动词不定式作定语，只能位于所修饰词的后面。
2、动词不定式作定语的用法
(1)动词不定式作定语通常表示将来的动作。
>All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.
明天出席开幕式的所有老师应该穿制服。
>The Winter Olympics to be held in 2022 will surely bring in many International tourists.
2022年要举行的冬奥会肯定会吸引许多国际游客。
真题链接
①I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train_____________(catch).
②We are invited to a party________________ (hold) in our club next Friday.
(2)序数词、形容词最高级或the last/ the next/the only等后常用动词不定式作定语。
>He is always the first(person) to come and the last(person) to leave.
> You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting.
在这么重要的会议上，你是唯一迟到的人。
>It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job。人们认为他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
真题链接 By boat is the only way ________( get)here, which is how we arrived.
抽象名词ability,chance,opportunity,belief,way,right,courage,decision,hope,
wish,plan,dream,attempt,effort,promise等后常用动词不定式作定语。
>Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.
多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。
真题链接
①Picking up her" Lifetime Achievement"award, proud Irene declared she had no plan ____________ (retire )from her 36-year-old business。
② You may have chances _________(meet) new people who'll become your lifelong friend。
③The ability____________(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.
特别提醒
1、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，或者该不定式本身有宾语，则不定式后面要加上相应的介词。但当动词不定式修饰的名词是time， place或way时，不定式中的介词一般可以省去。
>Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把切东西的刀。
>She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.她买了一个书架放书。
>He had money and no place to live.
当动词不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，
但其含义有所不同。
>Do you have anything to send 你有要寄的东西吗 （“寄东西”的执行者是“你”）
>Do you have anything to be sent 你有需要我(或别人)去寄的东西吗 （动作的执行者是问话者或其他人）
>There is nothing to do.无事可做。
>There is nothing to be done.无计可施。
动词不定式作结果状语
1、动词不定式作结果状语的用法
(1)动词不定式作结果状语时，常在动词不定式前面加上only，构成" only to do”结构，用以引出出乎意料的或不愉快的结果，表示说话人并不希望它发生。
>Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.
昨天我去看她，不料听人说她一周前出国了。
>The tourist looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.
那名游客猛然抬头一看，发现树上有一只豹子。
动词不定式作结果状语时，还用于一些特定的句型结构中：
too…to do… 太……而不能做某事
so/ such…as to do 如此……以至于做某事
enough to do 足够……做某事
never to do 再也不做某事
>The meeting room is too small to hold fifty people.
这间会议室太小了，装不下50人。
>She is so proud as to look down upon others.
她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人。
>We are not old enough to vote and to be voted.
我们太小，还不能选举和被选举。
>He left his hometown when he was ten，never to return.
他十岁的时候离开家，再也没有回来。
2、使用动词不定式作结果状语的特殊情况
(1)在某些情况下，动词不定式可以直接在句中作结果状语。
> Where have you been to be so delighted 你去了哪儿，竟如此高兴
>He did excellent work to be general manager of the famous company.
他工作非常出色，后来成为这家著名公司的总经理。
>He lived to be a hundred years old. 他活到了一百岁。
(2)在某些表示对人进行表扬或批评的形容词后常接不定式表示结果。此类形容词有
right, polite, crazy, generous,good,kind,nice等。
>He was generous to lend us a large amount of money.他为人慷慨，借给了我们一大笔钱。
>She was very kind to show us the way. 她非常友好，给我们指了路。
真题链接
①George returned after the war,only____________(tell) that his wife had left him.
②Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only_________(find)it didn't fit.
③"It' s good to know there's still someone out there who cares enough_________(go) to that kind of trouble,”says Lisa of Ehlers' rescue effort.【go to the trouble：不怕麻烦】
1、动词不定式作定语，只能位于所修饰词的后面。
2、动词不定式作定语的用法
(1)动词不定式作定语通常表示将来的动作。
>All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.
明天出席开幕式的所有老师应该穿制服。
>The Winter Olympics to be held in 2022 will surely bring in many International tourists.
2022年要举行的冬奥会肯定会吸引许多国际游客。
真题链接
①I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train_____________(catch).
②We are invited to a party________________ (hold) in our club next Friday.
(2)序数词、形容词最高级或the last/ the next/the only等后常用动词不定式作定语。
>He is always the first(person) to come and the last(person) to leave.
> You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting.
在这么重要的会议上，你是唯一迟到的人。
>It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job。人们认为他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
真题链接 By boat is the only way ________( get)here, which is how we arrived.
抽象名词ability,chance,opportunity,belief,way,right,courage,decision,hope,
wish,plan,dream,attempt,effort,promise等后常用动词不定式作定语。
>Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.
多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。
真题链接
①Picking up her" Lifetime Achievement"award, proud Irene declared she had no plan ____________ (retire )from her 36-year-old business。
② You may have chances _________(meet) new people who'll become your lifelong friend。
③The ability____________(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.
特别提醒
1、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，如果构成不定式的动词是不及物动词，或者该不定式本身有宾语，则不定式后面要加上相应的介词。但当动词不定式修饰的名词是time， place或way时，不定式中的介词一般可以省去。
>Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把切东西的刀。
>She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.她买了一个书架放书。
>He had money and no place to live.
当动词不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动形式，也可用被动形式，
但其含义有所不同。
>Do you have anything to send 你有要寄的东西吗 （“寄东西”的执行者是“你”）
>Do you have anything to be sent 你有需要我(或别人)去寄的东西吗 （动作的执行者是问话者或其他人）
>There is nothing to do.无事可做。
>There is nothing to be done.无计可施。
动词不定式作结果状语
1、动词不定式作结果状语的用法
(1)动词不定式作结果状语时，常在动词不定式前面加上only，构成" only to do”结构，用以引出出乎意料的或不愉快的结果，表示说话人并不希望它发生。
>Yesterday I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.
昨天我去看她，不料听人说她一周前出国了。
>The tourist looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.
那名游客猛然抬头一看，发现树上有一只豹子。
动词不定式作结果状语时，还用于一些特定的句型结构中：
too…to do… 太……而不能做某事
so/ such…as to do 如此……以至于做某事
enough to do 足够……做某事
never to do 再也不做某事
>The meeting room is too small to hold fifty people.
这间会议室太小了，装不下50人。
>She is so proud as to look down upon others.
她如此骄傲以至于看不起别人。
>We are not old enough to vote and to be voted.
我们太小，还不能选举和被选举。
>He left his hometown when he was ten，never to return.
他十岁的时候离开家，再也没有回来。
2、使用动词不定式作结果状语的特殊情况
(1)在某些情况下，动词不定式可以直接在句中作结果状语。
> Where have you been to be so delighted 你去了哪儿，竟如此高兴
>He did excellent work to be general manager of the famous company.
他工作非常出色，后来成为这家著名公司的总经理。
>He lived to be a hundred years old. 他活到了一百岁。
(2)在某些表示对人进行表扬或批评的形容词后常接不定式表示结果。此类形容词有
right, polite, crazy, generous,good,kind,nice等。
>He was generous to lend us a large amount of money.他为人慷慨，借给了我们一大笔钱。
>She was very kind to show us the way. 她非常友好，给我们指了路。
真题链接
①George returned after the war,only____________(tell) that his wife had left him.
②Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only_________(find)it didn't fit.
③"It' s good to know there's still someone out there who cares enough_________(go) to that kind of trouble,”says Lisa of Ehlers' rescue effort.【go to the trouble：不怕麻烦】