高考英语限制性与非限制性定语从句四大区别学案（无答案）
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| 名称 | 高考英语限制性与非限制性定语从句四大区别学案（无答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-03-08 07:24:55 | ||
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高考英语限制性与非限制性定语从句四大区别
一、在句中作用不同
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。
二、外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English？
你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？
例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。
例 3. This is the place where he used to live.
这就是他过去居住的地方。
例 4. Mr. Zhang， who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of mine.
张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。
例 5. We walked down the village street， where they were having market day.
我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。
析：在前三个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
三、先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。
例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband， which frightened me very much.
一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。
析：由语境可知，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导定语从句。
例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。
析：由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。
四、关系词的使用情况有所不同
（一） that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that 不可。
例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。
误： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， that pleased her a lot.
正： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， which pleased her a lot.
例 2. 他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。
误： He didn't pass the exam， that disappointed me.
正： He didn't pass the exam， which disappointed me.
值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用 who ， which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when ， where 引导非限制性定语从句。
例 1. We'll graduate in July， when we will be free.
我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， where a conference was to be held.
他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。
（二）关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。
例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.
这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。
析：先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替 whom .
例 2. A young man had a new girl friend， whom he wanted to impress.
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。
析：先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom .
在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用 that 代替 who/whom .
限制性与非限制性定语从句四区别
例：她有一个姐姐，她是教师。
误： She has a sister， that is a teacher.
正： She has a sister， who is teacher.
（三）关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。
例 1. This is the book （which/that） he lost yesterday.
这就是他昨天丢的那本书。
析：先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。
例 2. The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.
他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。
析：先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。
Step1.复习限制性定语从句
1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
4.关系词有三个作用:①连接主从句②指代先行词③在定语从句中充当一定成分
5．如何选择关系词分三步走
①、分清主从句
②、找出先行词
③、看关系词在定语从句中的作用
6．关系代词指人作主语用 who，that
关系代词指人作宾语用 who，whom, that 或省略
关系代词指人作定语用 whose
关系代词指物作主语用 that， which
关系代词指物作宾语用 that， which或省略
关系代词指物作定语用 whose
关系副词 指地点 where 指时间 when 指原因 why
7.关系副词和关系代词的判断方法
关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据关系词在定语从句中所做的成分而定的，若是做状语，则用_关系副词__；若是做主语、宾语、或定语，则用关系代词 。
Step2.非限制性定语从句
This gift was the Amber Room , _which__ was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.
这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它有这个名字是因为造这个这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。
这是一个限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句？
二、Cooperative discussion and wonderful display（合作交流与精彩展示）
①．The teachers who are kind are popular with the students. 态度和蔼的老师们受学生的欢迎。
②. Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. 王老师深受学生的欢迎，他态度和蔼。
1.限制性定语从句与先行词关系（A:密切;B: 不密切），是先行词(A:可缺少;B: 不可缺少 )的部分, 去掉它，主句意思(A:不明确;B: 明确 .)翻译时,从句先译,“…的” 放在先行词之前
2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明,去掉（A:会影响;B: 不会影响）主句的意思。翻译时，主句从句单独成句，译为两个分句。
观察并总结非限制性定语从句中关系词的具体用法
(1)Tom has a brother, that is a worker.(误)
(2)Tom has a brother, who is a worker.(正)
(3)Peter, who/that you met in London, is now back in Shanghai . (误)
(4) Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Shanghai . (正)
The boy, whose father is a doctor, studies very hard.
【Conclusion】
先行词指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语时用__________.
先行词指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时用__________.
先行词指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语时用__________.
that(不能 / 能) 引导非限制性定语从句
(5) Beijing, which is the capital city of China, has a very long history.
先行词为______
(6) The film, which I saw last night ,is very interesting，
这是我昨天晚上看过的电影，非常有趣。 先行词为______
(7) I didn’t pass the exam , that disappointed my father. (误)
(8)I didn’t pass the exam ,which disappointed my father. (正)
先行词为_____________________所表达的内容。
(9)There is a lake at the foot of the hill, whose depth has never been measured.
【Conclusion】
先行词指物, 关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,宾语时都用________.
先行词指物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语时用__________.
________ 可指代主句中某一名词或代词,也可指代前面整个主句.
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之________
(10)They went to London, where they lived for six months.
(11)He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
(12) I have told them the reason, why I didn’t attend the meeting. (误)
(13)I have told them the reason, for which I did not attend the meeting. (正)
【Conclusion】
where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指_________，where在非限制性定语从句中作_________
when 引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词指_________，when在非限制性定语从句中作_________
why(不能 / 能) 引导非限制性定语从句,用_________替换
总结
指代 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
充当成分 关系代词 关系代词
人 主语 who，that
宾语 who，whom, that
物 主语、宾语 that，which
属格词，指人、物 定语 whose
指代 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
充当成分 关系副词 关系副词
时间 时间状语 when
地点 地点状语 where
原因 原因状语 why
［实战演练］
一、选择题
1. She heard a terrible noise， _________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. Have you ever been to Xi'an， _________ I left ten years ago.
A. which B. whose C. that D. /
3. The weather turned out to be very good， _________ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
4. His English， ________ used to be very poor is now excellent.
A. which B. that C. it D . whom
5. Some of the roads were flooded， __________ makes o
ur journey more difficult.
A. that B. it C. which D. who
6. I'll find a nice girl， _________ I want to marry.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
7. I'll come at ten， ________ I'll be free.
A. which B. that C. when D. what
8. She has two brothers， _________ are teachers.
A. who B. that C. whom D. /
9. Which answer is NOT true？
This is the factory ________ I visited yesterday.
A. that B. which C. / D. where
10. I still remember the days _________ I spent in Beijing.
A. when B. what C. that D. during
Key：
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
二、达标训练
1）Fill in the blanks with proper pronouns/ adverbs
1. Lucy, ________ is my friend, came to school to visit me yesterday.
2. Jessie, ________you talked to just now, is my teacher.
3. Lucy has a car ________was made in China,
4. Lily has a car, ________was made in China.
5. The basketball match will be held this Saturday, ________the weather is fine.
6. This is Lucy, ________father is my P. E. teacher.
7. Yesterday I went to the bus station, _______ I bought a ticket to Shanghai.
8. Jim passed the driving test, ________ surprised everybody in the office.
2）正误判断并说出理由
1. She has a brother whom works in a hospital.
2. Peter ,you saw just now , is my friend.
3. I , who is a Chinese ,will do my best for my country.
4. Yesterday she sold her car ,which she bought it a month ago
5. He came back late, that made his mother worried
一、在句中作用不同
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。
二、外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English？
你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？
例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。
例 3. This is the place where he used to live.
这就是他过去居住的地方。
例 4. Mr. Zhang， who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of mine.
张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。
例 5. We walked down the village street， where they were having market day.
我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。
析：在前三个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
三、先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。
例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband， which frightened me very much.
一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。
析：由语境可知，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导定语从句。
例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。
析：由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。
四、关系词的使用情况有所不同
（一） that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that 不可。
例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。
误： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， that pleased her a lot.
正： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday， which pleased her a lot.
例 2. 他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。
误： He didn't pass the exam， that disappointed me.
正： He didn't pass the exam， which disappointed me.
值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用 who ， which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when ， where 引导非限制性定语从句。
例 1. We'll graduate in July， when we will be free.
我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing， where a conference was to be held.
他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。
（二）关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。
例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.
这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。
析：先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替 whom .
例 2. A young man had a new girl friend， whom he wanted to impress.
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。
析：先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom .
在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用 that 代替 who/whom .
限制性与非限制性定语从句四区别
例：她有一个姐姐，她是教师。
误： She has a sister， that is a teacher.
正： She has a sister， who is teacher.
（三）关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。
例 1. This is the book （which/that） he lost yesterday.
这就是他昨天丢的那本书。
析：先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。
例 2. The book， which he lost yesterday， has been found.
他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。
析：先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。
Step1.复习限制性定语从句
1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
4.关系词有三个作用:①连接主从句②指代先行词③在定语从句中充当一定成分
5．如何选择关系词分三步走
①、分清主从句
②、找出先行词
③、看关系词在定语从句中的作用
6．关系代词指人作主语用 who，that
关系代词指人作宾语用 who，whom, that 或省略
关系代词指人作定语用 whose
关系代词指物作主语用 that， which
关系代词指物作宾语用 that， which或省略
关系代词指物作定语用 whose
关系副词 指地点 where 指时间 when 指原因 why
7.关系副词和关系代词的判断方法
关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据关系词在定语从句中所做的成分而定的，若是做状语，则用_关系副词__；若是做主语、宾语、或定语，则用关系代词 。
Step2.非限制性定语从句
This gift was the Amber Room , _which__ was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.
这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它有这个名字是因为造这个这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀。
这是一个限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句？
二、Cooperative discussion and wonderful display（合作交流与精彩展示）
①．The teachers who are kind are popular with the students. 态度和蔼的老师们受学生的欢迎。
②. Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. 王老师深受学生的欢迎，他态度和蔼。
1.限制性定语从句与先行词关系（A:密切;B: 不密切），是先行词(A:可缺少;B: 不可缺少 )的部分, 去掉它，主句意思(A:不明确;B: 明确 .)翻译时,从句先译,“…的” 放在先行词之前
2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明,去掉（A:会影响;B: 不会影响）主句的意思。翻译时，主句从句单独成句，译为两个分句。
观察并总结非限制性定语从句中关系词的具体用法
(1)Tom has a brother, that is a worker.(误)
(2)Tom has a brother, who is a worker.(正)
(3)Peter, who/that you met in London, is now back in Shanghai . (误)
(4) Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Shanghai . (正)
The boy, whose father is a doctor, studies very hard.
【Conclusion】
先行词指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语时用__________.
先行词指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时用__________.
先行词指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语时用__________.
that(不能 / 能) 引导非限制性定语从句
(5) Beijing, which is the capital city of China, has a very long history.
先行词为______
(6) The film, which I saw last night ,is very interesting，
这是我昨天晚上看过的电影，非常有趣。 先行词为______
(7) I didn’t pass the exam , that disappointed my father. (误)
(8)I didn’t pass the exam ,which disappointed my father. (正)
先行词为_____________________所表达的内容。
(9)There is a lake at the foot of the hill, whose depth has never been measured.
【Conclusion】
先行词指物, 关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,宾语时都用________.
先行词指物,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语时用__________.
________ 可指代主句中某一名词或代词,也可指代前面整个主句.
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之________
(10)They went to London, where they lived for six months.
(11)He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
(12) I have told them the reason, why I didn’t attend the meeting. (误)
(13)I have told them the reason, for which I did not attend the meeting. (正)
【Conclusion】
where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指_________，where在非限制性定语从句中作_________
when 引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词指_________，when在非限制性定语从句中作_________
why(不能 / 能) 引导非限制性定语从句,用_________替换
总结
指代 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
充当成分 关系代词 关系代词
人 主语 who，that
宾语 who，whom, that
物 主语、宾语 that，which
属格词，指人、物 定语 whose
指代 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
充当成分 关系副词 关系副词
时间 时间状语 when
地点 地点状语 where
原因 原因状语 why
［实战演练］
一、选择题
1. She heard a terrible noise， _________ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. Have you ever been to Xi'an， _________ I left ten years ago.
A. which B. whose C. that D. /
3. The weather turned out to be very good， _________ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
4. His English， ________ used to be very poor is now excellent.
A. which B. that C. it D . whom
5. Some of the roads were flooded， __________ makes o
ur journey more difficult.
A. that B. it C. which D. who
6. I'll find a nice girl， _________ I want to marry.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
7. I'll come at ten， ________ I'll be free.
A. which B. that C. when D. what
8. She has two brothers， _________ are teachers.
A. who B. that C. whom D. /
9. Which answer is NOT true？
This is the factory ________ I visited yesterday.
A. that B. which C. / D. where
10. I still remember the days _________ I spent in Beijing.
A. when B. what C. that D. during
Key：
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
二、达标训练
1）Fill in the blanks with proper pronouns/ adverbs
1. Lucy, ________ is my friend, came to school to visit me yesterday.
2. Jessie, ________you talked to just now, is my teacher.
3. Lucy has a car ________was made in China,
4. Lily has a car, ________was made in China.
5. The basketball match will be held this Saturday, ________the weather is fine.
6. This is Lucy, ________father is my P. E. teacher.
7. Yesterday I went to the bus station, _______ I bought a ticket to Shanghai.
8. Jim passed the driving test, ________ surprised everybody in the office.
2）正误判断并说出理由
1. She has a brother whom works in a hospital.
2. Peter ,you saw just now , is my friend.
3. I , who is a Chinese ,will do my best for my country.
4. Yesterday she sold her car ,which she bought it a month ago
5. He came back late, that made his mother worried