2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句考点与热点练习（含答案）
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高考语法：名词性从句九大考点及热点问题
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的特点，有主、谓成分；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
一、引导词 what 与 that 的区别
引导主、宾、表语从句时，what 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that 不作任何成分，而只在语法上起连接作用。例如
_________ we can’t get seems better than _________ we have.
A. What； what B. What； that C. That； that D. That； what
解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当从句的宾语，所以答案为 A 项。
在下面的例句中，that 不充当任何成分，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
二、引导词 whether 和 if 的区别
通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，连词要用 whether，而不用 if ；习惯上也只能说 whether or not，而不说 if or not 例如：
_________ the meeting will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
解析：题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，根据句意，答案为 C 项。但如果宾语或主语从句为否定句时，只能用 that，不能用 whether 引导。如：That you don’t like him is none of my business.
三、名词性从句的语序
与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。例如：
No one can be sure _________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
解析：由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能选 A 项。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首。
四、who / whoever，what / whatever 等的区别
一般说来，what / who 等含特指意义，而 whatever，whoever 等含泛指意义。例如：
It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析：答案为 B 项。 Whatever 引导一个宾语从句，并且作 wants 的宾语。这里的 whatever 不能改成 what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么，就给他 / 她什么是不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里 whatever 也不能改用 no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。
五、where，when，why 等连接副词引导的名词性从句
where, when, why 等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如：
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that _________ you had a few days off？
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析：答案为 A 项，why 引导的从句作表语，同时 why 在从句中作原因状语。又如：
— Do you remember _________ he came？— Yes. I do，he came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
解析：答案为 A 项。从答语 he came by car 可知，这里问的是 he 来的方式，所以用 how 引导。
六、“介词 + who（m） ”引导的宾语从句与“介词 +who（m） ”引导的宾语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾语，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：
It was a matter of _________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析：答案为 A 项。由于这里的引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格 who （作宾语时自然要用 whom ）。比较下例：
Our country has thousands of excellent scientists，most of whom have received higher education at home.
这是一个“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句。引导定语从句的是“ most of + 关系代词”，而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词 of 的宾语，所以要用宾格 whom .
七、名词性从句中有插入成分时
此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如：
_________ you have seen both fighters，_________ will win？
A.Since； do you think who B. As； who you think
C. When； whoever D. Since； who do you think
解析：答案为 D 项。其中 do you think 是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作 think 的宾语。由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格 who .
八、引导词 that 的省略
引导宾语从句时，that 通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that 不能省略。例如：
China’s success in manned-space-craft travel shows _________ out country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析：该句中的从句作 shows 的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主语、宾语，所以只能用 that 引导；又因引导宾语从句时 that 可以省略，所以答案是 C 项。
九、同位语从句引导词 where，when 的用法特点
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词 where，when 与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。试比较：
① Then arose the question _________ we were to get so much money.
② This is the house _________ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析：①的答案为 A 项；②的答案为 A 项或 D 项。先行词与 where，when 概念一致时，是定语从句，此时，关系副词 where 或 when 可以用“介词 +which ”形式代替。①中的 question 与 where 不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，where 不能改用“介词 +which ”的形式。②中的 house 与 where 同表地点，所以选 A 项或 D 项都可以。
辨别并完成下列从句：
1. I wonder _________ he will come or not.
2. ____________ he will come is unknown.
3. The reason ________ he was late for school is _______ he got up late this morning.
4. I’m afraid _________ you have sat in the wrong place.
5. I’m sorry __________ I have made a mistake.
6. The news _________ he told us yesterday shocked us.
7. The news _________ Mr. Brown would come to see us surprised us.
8. I’m thinking about __________ I should put my bags.
9. I really don’t know __________ I should do to help the girl.
10. I think _________ helping others is helping ourselves.
11. _________ we will have a picnic this Sunday depends on the weather.
12. I would like to know _________ you will come or not _______ it rains.
13. It was in this house _________ I was born.
14. It was in this lab _________ was built by Mr. Smith _________ they finished their experiment.
Practice makes perfect
一、单句语法填空
1.__________ the storm will continue makes the public worried.
2. __________ the shop will be replaced with a hotel is still under discussion.
3. ___________will be in charge of the company remains unknown.
4. The gold medal will be awarded to__________ wins the first place in the bike race.
5. It is unwise to give children _________ they want.
6. I want to know __________drink you want .
7. I wonder __________ drink you want, coffee or juice
8. He was late for work today. That was __________ his car broke down on the way.
9. His car broke down on the way. That was __________ he was late for work today.
10. The reason _________ he was late for work today was _________ his car broke down on the way.
11 The reason ___________ he gave me was not reasonable.
12. The news ___________ she won the first prize surprised us.
13. The news _____________ she told surprised us.
14. The man________________ they referred to is Jim.
15. I wonder __________ they referred to.
16. I wonder __________ book it is.
17. I am looking for a book __________ cover is red.
18. Kate, ________ sister I shares a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
19. The old man has two sons, one of _________ is a soldier.
20. The books on the desk, _________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
21. She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
22. ________ is generally the case, those who care for the weakest members of society are respected.
23. ________ is often the case, Mike was late again and made up an excuse to fool the boss.
24. The number of smokers, _________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
25. I will never forget the day ________ I visited the exibits at the Shanghai World Expo.
26. ---Did you remember the days _______ we worked on the farm
---Certainly. Especially the hard times ________ we spent together.
27. We visited the house _________ Lu Xun used to live.
28. We visited the house _________ Lu Xun used to live in.
29. _________ there is a will, there is a way.
30. I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
I was about to go to the office ________ my boss phoned me.
31. He is a shy man, _______ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
32. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.
33. Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ___________ disappointed his mother.
34. Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and __________ disappointed his mother.
35. Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination ; __________ disappointed his mother.
二、改错
1. He pointed do the hospital and said, “That is when I was born.”
2. He pointed do the hospital and said, “That is the place which I was born.”
3. The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.
4. The best moment for the football star was the time that he scored the winning goal.
5. That whether he will help is a fact.
6. When he will come are unknown.
7. She finally realized how a big mistake she had made.
8. At first, he asked me whether I slept well. Then, he said he is going to Beijing.
9. She finally realized how time flied.
10. I suggested he can go to Beijing.
11. I found difficult for me to finish the task on time.
12. I don’t doubt whether the story is true.
13. It is important that we learned English well.
14. It is high time that we learn English.
15. It is the first time that we visited the Great Wall.
参考答案
第3页练习答案：
1. whether/if 2. Whether/If 3. why 4. that 5. that
6. that/which 7. that 8. where 9. what 10. that
11. Whether 12. if/whether; if 13. where/that 14. which/that;that
第4页答案：
1、单句语法填空
1. Whether 2. Whether 3. Who 4. whoever 5. whatever
6.what 7. which 8. because 9. why 10. why;that
11. that 12. that 13. that/which 14. who/whom/that 15. who/whom
16. whose 17. whose 18. whose 19. whom 20. whose
21. which 22. As 23. As 24. as 25. when
26. when;that/which 27. where 28. that/which 29. Where
30. when; when 31. but 32. while 33. which
34. it 35. it
二、单句改错
1. when---where 2. which---where 3. was/\ that he
4. that---when 5. 删掉whether 6. are---is
7. how---what 8. is---was 9. flied---flies
10. can---should或删掉can 11.found/\ it difficult
12. whether---that 13. learned---learn 14. learn---learned
15. we/\have visited
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的特点，有主、谓成分；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
一、引导词 what 与 that 的区别
引导主、宾、表语从句时，what 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that 不作任何成分，而只在语法上起连接作用。例如
_________ we can’t get seems better than _________ we have.
A. What； what B. What； that C. That； that D. That； what
解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当从句的宾语，所以答案为 A 项。
在下面的例句中，that 不充当任何成分，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.
二、引导词 whether 和 if 的区别
通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，连词要用 whether，而不用 if ；习惯上也只能说 whether or not，而不说 if or not 例如：
_________ the meeting will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
解析：题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，根据句意，答案为 C 项。但如果宾语或主语从句为否定句时，只能用 that，不能用 whether 引导。如：That you don’t like him is none of my business.
三、名词性从句的语序
与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。例如：
No one can be sure _________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
解析：由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能选 A 项。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首。
四、who / whoever，what / whatever 等的区别
一般说来，what / who 等含特指意义，而 whatever，whoever 等含泛指意义。例如：
It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析：答案为 B 项。 Whatever 引导一个宾语从句，并且作 wants 的宾语。这里的 whatever 不能改成 what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么，就给他 / 她什么是不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里 whatever 也不能改用 no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。
五、where，when，why 等连接副词引导的名词性从句
where, when, why 等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如：
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. — Is that _________ you had a few days off？
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析：答案为 A 项，why 引导的从句作表语，同时 why 在从句中作原因状语。又如：
— Do you remember _________ he came？— Yes. I do，he came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
解析：答案为 A 项。从答语 he came by car 可知，这里问的是 he 来的方式，所以用 how 引导。
六、“介词 + who（m） ”引导的宾语从句与“介词 +who（m） ”引导的宾语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾语，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：
It was a matter of _________ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析：答案为 A 项。由于这里的引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格 who （作宾语时自然要用 whom ）。比较下例：
Our country has thousands of excellent scientists，most of whom have received higher education at home.
这是一个“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句。引导定语从句的是“ most of + 关系代词”，而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词 of 的宾语，所以要用宾格 whom .
七、名词性从句中有插入成分时
此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如：
_________ you have seen both fighters，_________ will win？
A.Since； do you think who B. As； who you think
C. When； whoever D. Since； who do you think
解析：答案为 D 项。其中 do you think 是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作 think 的宾语。由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格 who .
八、引导词 that 的省略
引导宾语从句时，that 通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that 不能省略。例如：
China’s success in manned-space-craft travel shows _________ out country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析：该句中的从句作 shows 的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主语、宾语，所以只能用 that 引导；又因引导宾语从句时 that 可以省略，所以答案是 C 项。
九、同位语从句引导词 where，when 的用法特点
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词 where，when 与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。试比较：
① Then arose the question _________ we were to get so much money.
② This is the house _________ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析：①的答案为 A 项；②的答案为 A 项或 D 项。先行词与 where，when 概念一致时，是定语从句，此时，关系副词 where 或 when 可以用“介词 +which ”形式代替。①中的 question 与 where 不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，where 不能改用“介词 +which ”的形式。②中的 house 与 where 同表地点，所以选 A 项或 D 项都可以。
辨别并完成下列从句：
1. I wonder _________ he will come or not.
2. ____________ he will come is unknown.
3. The reason ________ he was late for school is _______ he got up late this morning.
4. I’m afraid _________ you have sat in the wrong place.
5. I’m sorry __________ I have made a mistake.
6. The news _________ he told us yesterday shocked us.
7. The news _________ Mr. Brown would come to see us surprised us.
8. I’m thinking about __________ I should put my bags.
9. I really don’t know __________ I should do to help the girl.
10. I think _________ helping others is helping ourselves.
11. _________ we will have a picnic this Sunday depends on the weather.
12. I would like to know _________ you will come or not _______ it rains.
13. It was in this house _________ I was born.
14. It was in this lab _________ was built by Mr. Smith _________ they finished their experiment.
Practice makes perfect
一、单句语法填空
1.__________ the storm will continue makes the public worried.
2. __________ the shop will be replaced with a hotel is still under discussion.
3. ___________will be in charge of the company remains unknown.
4. The gold medal will be awarded to__________ wins the first place in the bike race.
5. It is unwise to give children _________ they want.
6. I want to know __________drink you want .
7. I wonder __________ drink you want, coffee or juice
8. He was late for work today. That was __________ his car broke down on the way.
9. His car broke down on the way. That was __________ he was late for work today.
10. The reason _________ he was late for work today was _________ his car broke down on the way.
11 The reason ___________ he gave me was not reasonable.
12. The news ___________ she won the first prize surprised us.
13. The news _____________ she told surprised us.
14. The man________________ they referred to is Jim.
15. I wonder __________ they referred to.
16. I wonder __________ book it is.
17. I am looking for a book __________ cover is red.
18. Kate, ________ sister I shares a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
19. The old man has two sons, one of _________ is a soldier.
20. The books on the desk, _________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
21. She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
22. ________ is generally the case, those who care for the weakest members of society are respected.
23. ________ is often the case, Mike was late again and made up an excuse to fool the boss.
24. The number of smokers, _________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
25. I will never forget the day ________ I visited the exibits at the Shanghai World Expo.
26. ---Did you remember the days _______ we worked on the farm
---Certainly. Especially the hard times ________ we spent together.
27. We visited the house _________ Lu Xun used to live.
28. We visited the house _________ Lu Xun used to live in.
29. _________ there is a will, there is a way.
30. I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
I was about to go to the office ________ my boss phoned me.
31. He is a shy man, _______ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
32. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.
33. Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ___________ disappointed his mother.
34. Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and __________ disappointed his mother.
35. Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination ; __________ disappointed his mother.
二、改错
1. He pointed do the hospital and said, “That is when I was born.”
2. He pointed do the hospital and said, “That is the place which I was born.”
3. The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.
4. The best moment for the football star was the time that he scored the winning goal.
5. That whether he will help is a fact.
6. When he will come are unknown.
7. She finally realized how a big mistake she had made.
8. At first, he asked me whether I slept well. Then, he said he is going to Beijing.
9. She finally realized how time flied.
10. I suggested he can go to Beijing.
11. I found difficult for me to finish the task on time.
12. I don’t doubt whether the story is true.
13. It is important that we learned English well.
14. It is high time that we learn English.
15. It is the first time that we visited the Great Wall.
参考答案
第3页练习答案：
1. whether/if 2. Whether/If 3. why 4. that 5. that
6. that/which 7. that 8. where 9. what 10. that
11. Whether 12. if/whether; if 13. where/that 14. which/that;that
第4页答案：
1、单句语法填空
1. Whether 2. Whether 3. Who 4. whoever 5. whatever
6.what 7. which 8. because 9. why 10. why;that
11. that 12. that 13. that/which 14. who/whom/that 15. who/whom
16. whose 17. whose 18. whose 19. whom 20. whose
21. which 22. As 23. As 24. as 25. when
26. when;that/which 27. where 28. that/which 29. Where
30. when; when 31. but 32. while 33. which
34. it 35. it
二、单句改错
1. when---where 2. which---where 3. was/\ that he
4. that---when 5. 删掉whether 6. are---is
7. how---what 8. is---was 9. flied---flies
10. can---should或删掉can 11.found/\ it difficult
12. whether---that 13. learned---learn 14. learn---learned
15. we/\have visited