高三英语专题复习构词法（词型转化）课件（40张PPT）
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| 名称 | 高三英语专题复习构词法（词型转化）课件（40张PPT） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-03-08 08:50:51 | ||
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文档简介
(共40张PPT)
构词法（词性转化）考点分析
高三英语专题复习
词性转化一直以来都是高考英语语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到构词法，尤其是词的派生。因此掌握好词性转化的规律以及相应的解题技巧对提分有非常大的作用。
考点分析
感悟高考中词性转化的考点
2019 全国 I 卷
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. (poor) studied.
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66. ___________
(believe) that populations are increasing.
2019 全国 II 卷
Her years of hard work have 63. __________ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
We are so proud of her. It’s 70. (wonder).
2019 全国 III 卷
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66. (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68. (huge) popular with tourists.
poorly
belief
finally
wonderful
competition
traditional
hugely
2019 浙江
When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 60.________ (easy) see them.
Other American studies showed no 64. ________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 65. ____________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
2019 北京
Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10. (meaning) college experience.
easily
connection
connections
traditional
meaningful
2018 全国 I 卷
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68. (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69. (energy).
2018 全国 II 卷
A taste for meat is 63. (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
This switch has decreased 66. (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67. (globe) fertilizer consumption.
strengthen
energetic
actually
pollution
global
2018 全国 III 卷
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66.
(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
2018 浙江卷
The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62. (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64. (weigh) problems.
scientist
weight
affordable
2017 全国 I 卷
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69. (care) not to go to extremes.
2017 全国 II 卷
Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been 66. (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
This development was only possible with the 69. (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70. (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
careful
fairly
introduction
successful
2017 全国 III 卷
She is determined to carry on with her 66.
(educate).
I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70. (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
2017 浙江卷
But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57. (shine) object.
education
certainly
shiny
shining
2016 全国 I 卷
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61. (attract).
The title will be 63. (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
2016 全国 II 卷
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42. (achieve).
Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47. (regular).
2016 全国 III 卷
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46. (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. influenced the 48. (develop) of chopsticks.
attraction
officially
achievement
regularly
gradually
development
2015 全国 I 卷
Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69. (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2015 全国 II 卷
In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63. (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65. (slow) during cool nights.
As 69. (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
regularly
ability
slowly
natural
近五年考点分类总结
1.形容词 → 副词 poor — poorly；final — finally；huge — hugely；easy — easily；actual — actually；fair — fairly；certain — certainly；official — officially；regular — regularly；gradual — gradually；slow — slowly
2. 动词 → 名词 believe — belief；compete — competition；connect — connection；pollute — pollution；weigh — weight；introduce — introduction；educate — education；attract — attraction；achieve — achievement；develop — development
3. 名词 → 形容词 wonder — wonderful；tradition — traditional；meaning — meaningful；globe — global；success — successful；care — careful；nature — natural；energy — energetic
4. 动词 → 形容词 afford — affordable shine — shiny / shining
5. 形容词 → 名 词 able — ability
6. 名词 → 动词 strength — strengthen
7.名词 → 名词（人） science — scientist
考点解读：
1.给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)的提
示词，填写名词。
2.名词或动词转化为形容词。
3.考查形容词和副词之间的词类转换。
一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律
1．动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
ion/ tion/ sion/ ation expect→expectation 期望
correct→correction 改正
celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会
attract→attraction 吸引
conclude→conclusion 结论
discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论
特殊：explain→explanation 解释
admit→admission 接纳；准许入学
compete→competition 比赛，竞争
pronounce→pronunciation 发音
describe→description 描写
decide→decision 决定
invite→invitation 邀请
graduate→graduation 毕业
er/ or drive→driver 司机；驾驶员
announce→announcer 广播员
conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员
ment punish→punishment 惩罚
achieve→achievement 功绩；成就
treat→treatment 对待；治疗
equip→equipment 装备；设备
govern→government 政府
特殊：argue→argument 辩论；论据
ance/ ence appear→appearance 出现；外貌
perform→performance 表演；节目
exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏爱
refer→reference 参考；查阅
特殊：guide→guidance 指引；指导
ing begin→beginning 开始
ure/ ture fail→failure 失败；倒闭
press→pressure 压力
depart→departure 离开；出发
mix→mixture 混合；混合物
特殊：expose→exposure 暴露
y recover→recovery 恢复；痊愈
discover→discovery 发现
其他 choose→choice 选择
vary→variety 多样化；种类
tend→tendency 趋向；趋势
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
age short→shortage 不足；短缺
cy accurate→accuracy 准确性
private→privacy 隐私；私密
efficient→efficiency 效率；功效
fluent→fluency 流利；流畅
dom free→freedom 自由；自主
特殊：wise→wisdom 明智；智慧
bored→boredom 厌烦
ence/ ance different→difference 差异
silent→silence 沉默
patient→patience 耐心
absent→absence 缺席
present→presence 出席
confident→confidence 信心
convenient→convenience 便利
important→importance 重要
ness weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点
kind→kindness 仁慈；好意
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
th warm→warmth 温暖；热情
特殊：strong→strength 力气；强项
deep→depth 深度
long→length 长度
wide→width 宽度
y/ ty/ ity honest→honesty 诚实
difficult→difficulty 困难
safe→safety 安全
cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴
特殊：responsible→responsibility 责任
disable→disability 无能；伤残
二、名词或动词转化为形容词的规律
后缀 例词
able accept→acceptable 可接受的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
suit→suitable 合适的
reason→reasonable 有道理的
al music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的；私人的
center→central 中央的；中心的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
ful doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
harm→harmful 有害的
hope→hopeful 有希望的
peace→peaceful 和平的
ed scare→scared 感到恐惧的
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
underline→underlined 加下划线的
ing surprise→surprising 令人惊异的
convince→convincing 令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的
ible access→accessible 容易取得的
horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的
ive act→active 积极的；活跃的
effect→effective 有效的；生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
ous continue→continuous 不断的；持续的
anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
humor→humorous 幽默的
some tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome 麻烦的
y taste→tasty 美味的；可口的
health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的
ish child→childish 孩子气的
fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的
self→selfish 自私的
三、形容词转化为副词的规律
类别 例词
直接加 ly clear→clearly 清楚地
great→greatly 很，大大地
以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加 ly happy→happily高兴地
heavy→heavily 沉重地
词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加 y terrible→terribly可怕地；极度地
gentle→gently 轻轻地
词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加 ly true→ truly 真实地 due ----duly
词尾为ll的形容词，直接加 y full→fully 充分地；完全地
dull→dully 迟钝地
词尾为 ic的形容词，加 ally basic→basically 主要地，基本上
scientific→scientifically
合乎科学地
注意以下形容词变副词的拼写：whole→wholly完全地 shy→shyly害羞地
dry→dryly/drily干燥地
后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义；前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性。
前缀
anti- 反对，对抗；相反；防(止)：anti-aging, anti-anxiety, anti-
virus, antifreeze
dis- 不，否定，相反：disadvantage, discourage, dishonest,
dislike, disorder
il- / im- / in- / ir- 不，非，无：illegal, impatient, impossible,
inexpensive, immoral, inconvenient, irregular
mis- 错误的；坏的；不，相反：misfortune, misunderstand,
mislead, mistrust
non- 无，不，非：nonprofit, nonsense, nonsmoking, nonstop,
non-recycling
un- 不；表示相反的动作：unable, unexpected, unfortunate,
unusual, unfair, unforgettable, unnecessary
co- 和……一起，共同：cooperate, co-discover, co-renter,
co-worker
en- 使处于……状态，使具有……特性；围住：enable, encourage,
enjoy, endanger, enlarge, enrich, ensure
extra- 在……之外，超出；非常，格外：extraordinary, extra-large,
extra-strong
inter- 在……之间，相互：interrupt, interview, interaction,
international, Internet, interval
micro- 极小的，微小的：microbiology, microphone, microscope,
microwave
mini- (同类中) 特小的，微型的：minibus, minicomputer, miniskirt
multi- 多于一的，多的： multimedia, multinational, multitask
pre- 在……之前，预先：predict, prejudice, prepaid, preview
re- 再，重新：remind, remove, replace, return, review, react,
reaction
tele- 远 (距离) 的；电视的；使用电话的：telephone, telescope,
television, telesales
trans- 横穿，横贯；表示变化：transform, translate, transport,
transportation, transplant
Jack thought it was _________( proper ) and _________ (legal ) for Ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advance.
2. Some people were now waiting for her service and
the waitress grew a little __________ (patient ) .
“Thirty cents,” she said __________(polite ) and
loudly ,which surprised other customers .
improper
impolitely
impatient
illegal
语法填空
一、从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”
二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点
解题指导
厘清两种情况，突破词性转换
一、从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”
1．名词在句中作宾语，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词
之后。
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her
(educate)．
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese
scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479
B．C., influenced the (develop) of
chopsticks.
（2020.3 济宁一模）To our (amaze), she
does it all without using any modern technology or
electricity.
education
development
amazement
2.形容词
（1）形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。
（2）形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become,
remain等系动词后。
（3）形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动
词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。
(2019·山东潍坊期中) It is obvious that the wide spread and recognition of Western holidays is
(harm) to our traditional value.
(2019. 安徽模拟） As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so (beauty)．
beautiful
harmful
（4）要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形
容词时的区别。
如：amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；
amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。
(新课标全国卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the
bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and
(disappoint)．
（2020.3济宁一模）Li ziqi, by telling an ________________
(inspire) China story, is promoting traditional Chinese
culture to an international audience.
disappointed
inspiring
3. 副词
（1）副词在句中修饰动词。
（2）副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词。
（3）副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be (official)
given to me at a ceremony in London.
(广东卷) (lucky), he also had a cow which
produced milk every day.
officially
Luckily
二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点
词形变化是重点，注意特殊形和变：以 e结尾加 ly，切记true需把 e去； ble， ple都是去 e加 y。另外需注意形副同形词。
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_____________ (regular)．
(2019·宁夏模拟)The other two had run away, but they followed the big man __________(close) and caught him.
regularly
closely
考点演练
1．(2019·河北衡水中学月考)Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt that they were in
(safe)．
2．(2019·湖北百所重点学校联考)The Theater District is a popular tourist _____________ (attract) in New York City.
3．(2019·吉林四校联考)At first people there found the Chinese and their work very strange. My father often saw people running after trains out of (curious)．
4．The boy gave his classmate a (describe) of what he had seen on his way to school.
5．People who are far sighted can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm’s
(long)．
safety
curiosity
description
length
attraction
考点演练
6．You can imagine how (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that.
7．(2019·河北衡水模拟)Nowadays young people never
(will) let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.
8．(2019·新疆第二次适应性检测)There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly (benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.
9．(2019·湖北武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most (relax) experiences of my life.
10．(2019·安徽师大附中测试)What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be (thank) that I had the opportunity to know them.
terribly
willingly
beneficial
relaxing
thankful
语法填空
(2019·合肥模拟)What exactly is social media Social media can be defined as web based, mobile media that 1. (use) to connect with each other.
There are several types of social media. The first type involves people getting together to work on a project. Wikipedia is 2. example of this type of social media. There are other types that allow people 3. (share) content such as pictures and articles. Another type of social media is websites like Second Life, 4. people can create objects, as if they 5. (be) in the real world. The final type is social networking sites that can make people stay in touch with 6. (friend).
Social media is different from 7. (tradition) media. In the past, media was created in one place, 8. (normal) a company. Then the company would send out the media to consumers, like newspapers and magazines. But 9. social media, many individual people in different locations can create content. In addition, a few minutes are spent 10. (write) a twitter post today while it would take many months to edit a magazine in the past.
Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad. But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.
is used
an
to share
where
were
friends
traditional
normally
with
writing
Homework
◆巩固构词法考点应用，掌握词性转化规律。
◆完成word学案课前练习。
构词法（词性转化）考点分析
高三英语专题复习
词性转化一直以来都是高考英语语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到构词法，尤其是词的派生。因此掌握好词性转化的规律以及相应的解题技巧对提分有非常大的作用。
考点分析
感悟高考中词性转化的考点
2019 全国 I 卷
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. (poor) studied.
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66. ___________
(believe) that populations are increasing.
2019 全国 II 卷
Her years of hard work have 63. __________ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
We are so proud of her. It’s 70. (wonder).
2019 全国 III 卷
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66. (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68. (huge) popular with tourists.
poorly
belief
finally
wonderful
competition
traditional
hugely
2019 浙江
When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 60.________ (easy) see them.
Other American studies showed no 64. ________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 65. ____________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
2019 北京
Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10. (meaning) college experience.
easily
connection
connections
traditional
meaningful
2018 全国 I 卷
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68. (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69. (energy).
2018 全国 II 卷
A taste for meat is 63. (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
This switch has decreased 66. (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67. (globe) fertilizer consumption.
strengthen
energetic
actually
pollution
global
2018 全国 III 卷
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66.
(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
2018 浙江卷
The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62. (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64. (weigh) problems.
scientist
weight
affordable
2017 全国 I 卷
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69. (care) not to go to extremes.
2017 全国 II 卷
Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been 66. (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
This development was only possible with the 69. (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70. (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
careful
fairly
introduction
successful
2017 全国 III 卷
She is determined to carry on with her 66.
(educate).
I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70. (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
2017 浙江卷
But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57. (shine) object.
education
certainly
shiny
shining
2016 全国 I 卷
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61. (attract).
The title will be 63. (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
2016 全国 II 卷
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42. (achieve).
Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47. (regular).
2016 全国 III 卷
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46. (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. influenced the 48. (develop) of chopsticks.
attraction
officially
achievement
regularly
gradually
development
2015 全国 I 卷
Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69. (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2015 全国 II 卷
In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63. (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65. (slow) during cool nights.
As 69. (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
regularly
ability
slowly
natural
近五年考点分类总结
1.形容词 → 副词 poor — poorly；final — finally；huge — hugely；easy — easily；actual — actually；fair — fairly；certain — certainly；official — officially；regular — regularly；gradual — gradually；slow — slowly
2. 动词 → 名词 believe — belief；compete — competition；connect — connection；pollute — pollution；weigh — weight；introduce — introduction；educate — education；attract — attraction；achieve — achievement；develop — development
3. 名词 → 形容词 wonder — wonderful；tradition — traditional；meaning — meaningful；globe — global；success — successful；care — careful；nature — natural；energy — energetic
4. 动词 → 形容词 afford — affordable shine — shiny / shining
5. 形容词 → 名 词 able — ability
6. 名词 → 动词 strength — strengthen
7.名词 → 名词（人） science — scientist
考点解读：
1.给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)的提
示词，填写名词。
2.名词或动词转化为形容词。
3.考查形容词和副词之间的词类转换。
一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律
1．动词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
ion/ tion/ sion/ ation expect→expectation 期望
correct→correction 改正
celebrate→celebration 庆祝；庆祝会
attract→attraction 吸引
conclude→conclusion 结论
discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论
特殊：explain→explanation 解释
admit→admission 接纳；准许入学
compete→competition 比赛，竞争
pronounce→pronunciation 发音
describe→description 描写
decide→decision 决定
invite→invitation 邀请
graduate→graduation 毕业
er/ or drive→driver 司机；驾驶员
announce→announcer 广播员
conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员
ment punish→punishment 惩罚
achieve→achievement 功绩；成就
treat→treatment 对待；治疗
equip→equipment 装备；设备
govern→government 政府
特殊：argue→argument 辩论；论据
ance/ ence appear→appearance 出现；外貌
perform→performance 表演；节目
exist→existence 存在；生存
prefer→preference 偏爱
refer→reference 参考；查阅
特殊：guide→guidance 指引；指导
ing begin→beginning 开始
ure/ ture fail→failure 失败；倒闭
press→pressure 压力
depart→departure 离开；出发
mix→mixture 混合；混合物
特殊：expose→exposure 暴露
y recover→recovery 恢复；痊愈
discover→discovery 发现
其他 choose→choice 选择
vary→variety 多样化；种类
tend→tendency 趋向；趋势
2.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 例词
age short→shortage 不足；短缺
cy accurate→accuracy 准确性
private→privacy 隐私；私密
efficient→efficiency 效率；功效
fluent→fluency 流利；流畅
dom free→freedom 自由；自主
特殊：wise→wisdom 明智；智慧
bored→boredom 厌烦
ence/ ance different→difference 差异
silent→silence 沉默
patient→patience 耐心
absent→absence 缺席
present→presence 出席
confident→confidence 信心
convenient→convenience 便利
important→importance 重要
ness weak→weakness 虚弱；弱点
kind→kindness 仁慈；好意
careless→carelessness 粗心大意
th warm→warmth 温暖；热情
特殊：strong→strength 力气；强项
deep→depth 深度
long→length 长度
wide→width 宽度
y/ ty/ ity honest→honesty 诚实
difficult→difficulty 困难
safe→safety 安全
cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴
特殊：responsible→responsibility 责任
disable→disability 无能；伤残
二、名词或动词转化为形容词的规律
后缀 例词
able accept→acceptable 可接受的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
suit→suitable 合适的
reason→reasonable 有道理的
al music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的；私人的
center→central 中央的；中心的
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
ful doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
harm→harmful 有害的
hope→hopeful 有希望的
peace→peaceful 和平的
ed scare→scared 感到恐惧的
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
underline→underlined 加下划线的
ing surprise→surprising 令人惊异的
convince→convincing 令人信服的
satisfy→satisfying 令人满意的
ible access→accessible 容易取得的
horror→horrible 可怕的；恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的
ive act→active 积极的；活跃的
effect→effective 有效的；生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
ous continue→continuous 不断的；持续的
anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
humor→humorous 幽默的
some tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome 麻烦的
y taste→tasty 美味的；可口的
health→healthy 健康的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的
ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的
ish child→childish 孩子气的
fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的
self→selfish 自私的
三、形容词转化为副词的规律
类别 例词
直接加 ly clear→clearly 清楚地
great→greatly 很，大大地
以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加 ly happy→happily高兴地
heavy→heavily 沉重地
词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加 y terrible→terribly可怕地；极度地
gentle→gently 轻轻地
词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加 ly true→ truly 真实地 due ----duly
词尾为ll的形容词，直接加 y full→fully 充分地；完全地
dull→dully 迟钝地
词尾为 ic的形容词，加 ally basic→basically 主要地，基本上
scientific→scientifically
合乎科学地
注意以下形容词变副词的拼写：whole→wholly完全地 shy→shyly害羞地
dry→dryly/drily干燥地
后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义；前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性。
前缀
anti- 反对，对抗；相反；防(止)：anti-aging, anti-anxiety, anti-
virus, antifreeze
dis- 不，否定，相反：disadvantage, discourage, dishonest,
dislike, disorder
il- / im- / in- / ir- 不，非，无：illegal, impatient, impossible,
inexpensive, immoral, inconvenient, irregular
mis- 错误的；坏的；不，相反：misfortune, misunderstand,
mislead, mistrust
non- 无，不，非：nonprofit, nonsense, nonsmoking, nonstop,
non-recycling
un- 不；表示相反的动作：unable, unexpected, unfortunate,
unusual, unfair, unforgettable, unnecessary
co- 和……一起，共同：cooperate, co-discover, co-renter,
co-worker
en- 使处于……状态，使具有……特性；围住：enable, encourage,
enjoy, endanger, enlarge, enrich, ensure
extra- 在……之外，超出；非常，格外：extraordinary, extra-large,
extra-strong
inter- 在……之间，相互：interrupt, interview, interaction,
international, Internet, interval
micro- 极小的，微小的：microbiology, microphone, microscope,
microwave
mini- (同类中) 特小的，微型的：minibus, minicomputer, miniskirt
multi- 多于一的，多的： multimedia, multinational, multitask
pre- 在……之前，预先：predict, prejudice, prepaid, preview
re- 再，重新：remind, remove, replace, return, review, react,
reaction
tele- 远 (距离) 的；电视的；使用电话的：telephone, telescope,
television, telesales
trans- 横穿，横贯；表示变化：transform, translate, transport,
transportation, transplant
Jack thought it was _________( proper ) and _________ (legal ) for Ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advance.
2. Some people were now waiting for her service and
the waitress grew a little __________ (patient ) .
“Thirty cents,” she said __________(polite ) and
loudly ,which surprised other customers .
improper
impolitely
impatient
illegal
语法填空
一、从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”
二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点
解题指导
厘清两种情况，突破词性转换
一、从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰”
1．名词在句中作宾语，放在冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词
之后。
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her
(educate)．
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese
scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479
B．C., influenced the (develop) of
chopsticks.
（2020.3 济宁一模）To our (amaze), she
does it all without using any modern technology or
electricity.
education
development
amazement
2.形容词
（1）形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前。
（2）形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become,
remain等系动词后。
（3）形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动
词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词。
(2019·山东潍坊期中) It is obvious that the wide spread and recognition of Western holidays is
(harm) to our traditional value.
(2019. 安徽模拟） As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so (beauty)．
beautiful
harmful
（4）要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形
容词时的区别。
如：amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；
amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。
(新课标全国卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the
bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and
(disappoint)．
（2020.3济宁一模）Li ziqi, by telling an ________________
(inspire) China story, is promoting traditional Chinese
culture to an international audience.
disappointed
inspiring
3. 副词
（1）副词在句中修饰动词。
（2）副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词。
（3）副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be (official)
given to me at a ceremony in London.
(广东卷) (lucky), he also had a cow which
produced milk every day.
officially
Luckily
二、从“词性”变化上看，厘清“词形”的变化特点
词形变化是重点，注意特殊形和变：以 e结尾加 ly，切记true需把 e去； ble， ple都是去 e加 y。另外需注意形副同形词。
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_____________ (regular)．
(2019·宁夏模拟)The other two had run away, but they followed the big man __________(close) and caught him.
regularly
closely
考点演练
1．(2019·河北衡水中学月考)Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt that they were in
(safe)．
2．(2019·湖北百所重点学校联考)The Theater District is a popular tourist _____________ (attract) in New York City.
3．(2019·吉林四校联考)At first people there found the Chinese and their work very strange. My father often saw people running after trains out of (curious)．
4．The boy gave his classmate a (describe) of what he had seen on his way to school.
5．People who are far sighted can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm’s
(long)．
safety
curiosity
description
length
attraction
考点演练
6．You can imagine how (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that.
7．(2019·河北衡水模拟)Nowadays young people never
(will) let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.
8．(2019·新疆第二次适应性检测)There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly (benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.
9．(2019·湖北武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most (relax) experiences of my life.
10．(2019·安徽师大附中测试)What a wonderful example these two elderly sisters were to me! I will always be (thank) that I had the opportunity to know them.
terribly
willingly
beneficial
relaxing
thankful
语法填空
(2019·合肥模拟)What exactly is social media Social media can be defined as web based, mobile media that 1. (use) to connect with each other.
There are several types of social media. The first type involves people getting together to work on a project. Wikipedia is 2. example of this type of social media. There are other types that allow people 3. (share) content such as pictures and articles. Another type of social media is websites like Second Life, 4. people can create objects, as if they 5. (be) in the real world. The final type is social networking sites that can make people stay in touch with 6. (friend).
Social media is different from 7. (tradition) media. In the past, media was created in one place, 8. (normal) a company. Then the company would send out the media to consumers, like newspapers and magazines. But 9. social media, many individual people in different locations can create content. In addition, a few minutes are spent 10. (write) a twitter post today while it would take many months to edit a magazine in the past.
Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad. But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.
is used
an
to share
where
were
friends
traditional
normally
with
writing
Homework
◆巩固构词法考点应用，掌握词性转化规律。
◆完成word学案课前练习。