高考英语专项讲解 （定语从句讲义+练习第3-4讲）
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| 名称 | 高考英语专项讲解 （定语从句讲义+练习第3-4讲） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-03-08 17:38:44 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
定语从句
第3讲
其他有关关系代词选择的规则
考点1.只用which,who,whom 不用 that的情况
A.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that;要用whom，不用who
Many young people,most____were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
of which B.of them C.of whom D. of those
2. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,___are beyond our control.
most of them B.most of which C. most of what D. most of that
3.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of__has been proved.
A.whom B.which C.what D. that
4.Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from_____you received gifts
A.which B.them C. that D.whom
B.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which,who,whom，不用that，也不能省略
5.As a child,Jack studied in a village school,___is named after his grandfather.
A.which B.where C.what D. that
6.That evening,____I will tell you more about later. I ended up working very late.
A.that B.which C.what D. when
Key:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.B
考点2.whose可指人也可指物。若指物，它还可以同of which互换;若指人，一般不与of whom 互换.
1.He lives in a house. Its window faces south.
He lives in a house whose window faces south.
2.He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.
→He lives in a house, the window of which faces south.
He lives in a house, of which the window faces south.
② He is the farmer. His son is studying in Tsinghua University
由于我们一般说his son，不说the son of him，因此我们只能说:
He is the farmer whose son is studying in Tsinghua University.
而不能说:
He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Tsinghua University.
7.I saw some trees ______the leaves were black with disease.
where B. of which C.in which D.whose
8. The old temple,_____roofwas damaged in storm, is now under repair.
A.where B.which C.its D.whose
9 .A company____profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
A.which B.whose C.who D.why
10.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those___lives were affected.
A.whose B.that C.who D. which
KEY: 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.A
考点3.当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，关系代词常用who
Anyone who is against us is our enemy.
任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
All who heard the story were amazed.
所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶
考点4.what不能作关系代词;one作同位语
11.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,________I will always treasure.
that B.one C.it D.what
12.Her sister has become a lawyer,__she wanted to be.
A.who B.that C.what D.which
13. For Tim this was the beginning of a new life,____he thought he would never see.
A.what B. that C.one D.it
14.Helping others is a habit,__ you can learn even at an early age.
A. it B.that C.what D.one
KEY:11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D
单句改错:
1.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night.
2. She showed me the dictionary, on that she spent most of her money.
KEY: that---which 2.that---which
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
3 .Miss Smith is a strict but good teacher, _______who often cares about our life and study at school.
4. Many children, ______parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.
5. The old man has two sons, both of ______ are lawyers.
6. The books on the desk, _______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
7.She was taking the food to the refugee camp,in _______she distributed it to children.
.Key:3.one 4.where 5.whom 6.whose 7.which
第4讲：as,but,than用作关系代词
考点1.as引导限制性定语从句
例题:I had never heard such an interesting story _____you told me yesterday.
that B.which C.as D.that/which
有些同学可能选择D，这说明有关定语从句的基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。要记住:如果先行词被such.the same.so+形容词+a/an，as+形容词+a/an修饰时，这时关系词我们要用as。此时，as同that,who,which,whom一样，是关系代词。代指the same.so,such和as引导的短语，常译作“正如，像”，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语和表语。
A.先行词被 such 修饰时，构成“such...as..”.
It's such a heavy stone as nobody can move.
那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。(as作宾语)
Don't trust such men as praise you to your face.
不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。(as作主语)
B.先行词被the same修饰时，构成“the same...as...”
We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.
我们已得出和他们同样的结论。(as作主语)
This is the same watch as was worn by John.
这与约翰戴的那块表一样。(as作主语)
C.在“as…as.”句型中，第一个as后面跟名词时。它可以看作是“as+形容词+as”的一种变化形式 .
He is as good as his brother.他和他弟弟一样好。
这句话还可以表达为:
He is as good a boy as his brother.
It's as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.(as 作宾语)
这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。
D.在“so+形+冠+n.+as”句型中
(He is so good a student as every teacher likes.).
它可以看作是先行词被such修饰时关系代词用as(第一种情况)的一种变化形式。
He is such a good student as every teacher likes.
他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生。
用so可以表达为:
He is so good a student as every teacher likes.
考点2.the same...as与 the same..that
the same..as 指同一类the same…that指同一个
I bought the same car as yours.
我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。
This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢失的那个包
考点3.such...as和such....that的区别(该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句)
such..as “像……样的”、as引导的是定语从句，as作句子成分;such..that“如此以至于”，that 引导的是结果状语从句，that不作句子成分。
判断办法:如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句;如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。
It was so difficult a problem____no one worked it out.
(成分完整，结果状语从句，填that)译为:
这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来
It was so difficult a problem_____no one worked out.
(成分不完整、定语从句，填as)译为:这是一道没有人能算出来的难题
1.He is such a lazy man_______nobody wants to work with_____.
A.as;him B.that; / C.as;/ D.whom;him
2.It wasn't such a good present_____ he had promised me.
A.that B.as C.which D.what
3.We should read such books______will make us better and wiser.
A when B.as C.whose D. what
4. This is such a heavy box______Ican't move it.
A.as B.that C.which D.whose
5.Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem_____none of us worked out.
A.as B.that C.which D.whose
6. Pop music is such an important part of society______it has even influenced our language.
A.as B.that C.which D.where
7.The man showed us so heavy a stone ______no one can lift.
A.that B.as C.which Dand
8.I received______nice a gift_______ my mother promised.
A.the same;as B.as;as C.such;as D. the same, that
9.I want to use the same tools___used in your factory a few days ago.
A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which
10.Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera_____he lost last week.
A.which B.that C.whom D.as
Key:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D
考点4.but用作关系代词(选学内容)
but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含否定”的意思。其作用相当于“that/ which /who. not”。它前面的主句通常有“否定”的词(如:no;not;little;few;hardly等)(为了快速培养语感，也可把but意译为“除了”)
1.There is no mother but loves her own children.
(=There is no mother that / who does not love her own children.)
没有不爱自己孩子的母亲
2.There are very few but admire his talents.(but who don't)
很少有人不赞赏他的才干。
3. There is no rule but has exception.
凡规则都有例外。
考点5.than用作关系代词(选学内容)
than在定语从句中作关系代词、在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多，在定语以中，它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是差不多的是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层比较的意味，另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该类定语从句的先行前通常要有形容词的比较级形式。如:
① You make more money than is intended to make.
你挣得的钱比预计的要多。
② There were more casualties than was reported.
伤亡人数比报道的要多。③ Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.报纸和其他媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情
单句改错:
He isn't such a man that he used to be.
2. He is not such a man who would leave his work half done.
3. It was so difficult a problem that no one worked out.
KEY:1.that---as 2.who---as 3.that---as
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
4. These houses are sold at such a low price_____people expected.
5.I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing .
Key: 4.as 5.as
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定语从句
第3讲
其他有关关系代词选择的规则
考点1.只用which,who,whom 不用 that的情况
A.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that;要用whom，不用who
Many young people,most____were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
of which B.of them C.of whom D. of those
2. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,___are beyond our control.
most of them B.most of which C. most of what D. most of that
3.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of__has been proved.
A.whom B.which C.what D. that
4.Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from_____you received gifts
A.which B.them C. that D.whom
B.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which,who,whom，不用that，也不能省略
5.As a child,Jack studied in a village school,___is named after his grandfather.
A.which B.where C.what D. that
6.That evening,____I will tell you more about later. I ended up working very late.
A.that B.which C.what D. when
Key:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.B
考点2.whose可指人也可指物。若指物，它还可以同of which互换;若指人，一般不与of whom 互换.
1.He lives in a house. Its window faces south.
He lives in a house whose window faces south.
2.He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.
→He lives in a house, the window of which faces south.
He lives in a house, of which the window faces south.
② He is the farmer. His son is studying in Tsinghua University
由于我们一般说his son，不说the son of him，因此我们只能说:
He is the farmer whose son is studying in Tsinghua University.
而不能说:
He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Tsinghua University.
7.I saw some trees ______the leaves were black with disease.
where B. of which C.in which D.whose
8. The old temple,_____roofwas damaged in storm, is now under repair.
A.where B.which C.its D.whose
9 .A company____profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
A.which B.whose C.who D.why
10.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those___lives were affected.
A.whose B.that C.who D. which
KEY: 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.A
考点3.当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，关系代词常用who
Anyone who is against us is our enemy.
任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
All who heard the story were amazed.
所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶
考点4.what不能作关系代词;one作同位语
11.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,________I will always treasure.
that B.one C.it D.what
12.Her sister has become a lawyer,__she wanted to be.
A.who B.that C.what D.which
13. For Tim this was the beginning of a new life,____he thought he would never see.
A.what B. that C.one D.it
14.Helping others is a habit,__ you can learn even at an early age.
A. it B.that C.what D.one
KEY:11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D
单句改错:
1.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night.
2. She showed me the dictionary, on that she spent most of her money.
KEY: that---which 2.that---which
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
3 .Miss Smith is a strict but good teacher, _______who often cares about our life and study at school.
4. Many children, ______parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.
5. The old man has two sons, both of ______ are lawyers.
6. The books on the desk, _______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
7.She was taking the food to the refugee camp,in _______she distributed it to children.
.Key:3.one 4.where 5.whom 6.whose 7.which
第4讲：as,but,than用作关系代词
考点1.as引导限制性定语从句
例题:I had never heard such an interesting story _____you told me yesterday.
that B.which C.as D.that/which
有些同学可能选择D，这说明有关定语从句的基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。要记住:如果先行词被such.the same.so+形容词+a/an，as+形容词+a/an修饰时，这时关系词我们要用as。此时，as同that,who,which,whom一样，是关系代词。代指the same.so,such和as引导的短语，常译作“正如，像”，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语和表语。
A.先行词被 such 修饰时，构成“such...as..”.
It's such a heavy stone as nobody can move.
那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。(as作宾语)
Don't trust such men as praise you to your face.
不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。(as作主语)
B.先行词被the same修饰时，构成“the same...as...”
We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.
我们已得出和他们同样的结论。(as作主语)
This is the same watch as was worn by John.
这与约翰戴的那块表一样。(as作主语)
C.在“as…as.”句型中，第一个as后面跟名词时。它可以看作是“as+形容词+as”的一种变化形式 .
He is as good as his brother.他和他弟弟一样好。
这句话还可以表达为:
He is as good a boy as his brother.
It's as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.(as 作宾语)
这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。
D.在“so+形+冠+n.+as”句型中
(He is so good a student as every teacher likes.).
它可以看作是先行词被such修饰时关系代词用as(第一种情况)的一种变化形式。
He is such a good student as every teacher likes.
他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生。
用so可以表达为:
He is so good a student as every teacher likes.
考点2.the same...as与 the same..that
the same..as 指同一类the same…that指同一个
I bought the same car as yours.
我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。
This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢失的那个包
考点3.such...as和such....that的区别(该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句)
such..as “像……样的”、as引导的是定语从句，as作句子成分;such..that“如此以至于”，that 引导的是结果状语从句，that不作句子成分。
判断办法:如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句;如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。
It was so difficult a problem____no one worked it out.
(成分完整，结果状语从句，填that)译为:
这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来
It was so difficult a problem_____no one worked out.
(成分不完整、定语从句，填as)译为:这是一道没有人能算出来的难题
1.He is such a lazy man_______nobody wants to work with_____.
A.as;him B.that; / C.as;/ D.whom;him
2.It wasn't such a good present_____ he had promised me.
A.that B.as C.which D.what
3.We should read such books______will make us better and wiser.
A when B.as C.whose D. what
4. This is such a heavy box______Ican't move it.
A.as B.that C.which D.whose
5.Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem_____none of us worked out.
A.as B.that C.which D.whose
6. Pop music is such an important part of society______it has even influenced our language.
A.as B.that C.which D.where
7.The man showed us so heavy a stone ______no one can lift.
A.that B.as C.which Dand
8.I received______nice a gift_______ my mother promised.
A.the same;as B.as;as C.such;as D. the same, that
9.I want to use the same tools___used in your factory a few days ago.
A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which
10.Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera_____he lost last week.
A.which B.that C.whom D.as
Key:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.D
考点4.but用作关系代词(选学内容)
but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含否定”的意思。其作用相当于“that/ which /who. not”。它前面的主句通常有“否定”的词(如:no;not;little;few;hardly等)(为了快速培养语感，也可把but意译为“除了”)
1.There is no mother but loves her own children.
(=There is no mother that / who does not love her own children.)
没有不爱自己孩子的母亲
2.There are very few but admire his talents.(but who don't)
很少有人不赞赏他的才干。
3. There is no rule but has exception.
凡规则都有例外。
考点5.than用作关系代词(选学内容)
than在定语从句中作关系代词、在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多，在定语以中，它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是差不多的是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层比较的意味，另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该类定语从句的先行前通常要有形容词的比较级形式。如:
① You make more money than is intended to make.
你挣得的钱比预计的要多。
② There were more casualties than was reported.
伤亡人数比报道的要多。③ Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens.报纸和其他媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情
单句改错:
He isn't such a man that he used to be.
2. He is not such a man who would leave his work half done.
3. It was so difficult a problem that no one worked out.
KEY:1.that---as 2.who---as 3.that---as
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
4. These houses are sold at such a low price_____people expected.
5.I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing .
Key: 4.as 5.as
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