高考英语专项讲解 （定语从句讲义+练习第7-8讲）
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| 名称 | 高考英语专项讲解 （定语从句讲义+练习第7-8讲） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-03-08 17:40:15 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
定语从句
第7讲 介词+关系代词
考点精讲精练
考点1.关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或which,不可用 who,that。
关系代词不直接住于介词后时，则可用who that，也可省略。
判断下列句子是否正确，如有错误，请改正过来
1.He is the man with who she went to Europe.
2.He is the man whom she went to Europe with.
3.He is the man who she went to Europe with.
4.He is the man that she went to Europe with.
5. He is the man she went to Europe with.
6.I will never forget the day on which he passed away.
7.I will never forget the day on that he passed away.
8.I will never forget the day which he passed away on.
9.I will never forget the day that he passed away on.
10. I will never forget the day he passed away on.
11.I will never forget the day when he passed away
答案与解析:
1.who改为who.直接位于介词后时，要用宾格
2. 正确，不直接位于介词后时、可用主格也可用宾格.
3.正确。不直接位于介词后时，可用主格也可用宾格.
4.正确。先行词是人时，关系代词用 who 也可用 that
5.正确。关系代词作宾语且不位于介词后时可以省略
6.正确。先行词是the day
7.that 改为 which.直接位于介词后时不能用that
8.正确。可以把关系代词放到前面，把介词放到后面
9.正确。不直接位于介词后时可以用 that
10.正确。关系代词是that/which，作宾语，被省略了。
11.正确。关系词在定语从句中作状语、用关系副词。
1.The study suggests that the cultures w grow up ______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.
A.on B.in C.at D.about
Key: 1.B
考点2.from where, since when为“介词+关系副词”结构，可以引导定语从句
如:We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.
2. China is the birthplace of kites,____kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A.from that B.from where C. from there D.from here
3.The book was written in 1946,__ ___the education system has witnessed great changes .
A.when B.during which C. since then D.since when
KEY:2.B 3.D
考点3.look after,look for 等固定短语动词
在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
4.This is the baby_____tomorrow.
A. after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after
C.whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after
KEY:4.B
考点4.“介词+关系代词”作后置定语时、可移到所修饰词之前。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad.
篮子里有好多苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom(=of whom most ) are from big cities
我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。
5.For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further,_____New York is an example.
A.for which B.in which C. of which D.from which
6. In our class there are 46 students,_____half wear glasses.
A.in whom B.in them C.of whom D.of them
7 .The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months_____.the sailing time was 226 days.
A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which
KEY:5.C 6.C 7.A
考点5.介词的选择:看前看后看意思
A.看与先行词的搭配
8.The bicycle_____he often rides needs repairing..
A.on which B.in which C.by which D.with which
9.The world____is made up of matter
A. in that we live B.on which we live C.where we live in D.we live in
10.We went through a period_____communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A.which B. whose C.in which D.with which
KEY: 8.A 9.D 10.C
B.看谓语的搭配
11. The two things______ they felt very proud are Jim's god watch and Della's hair.
A. about which B.of which C.in which D.for which
12. He is a man of great experience,______ much can be learned.
A.who B.that D.from whom C.from which
13. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person________she could turn for help.
A.whom B.who C. to whom D. from whom
14.Gun control is a subject____Americans have argued for a long time.
A.of which B.with which C about which D. into which
KEY:11.B 12.D 13.C 14.C
C，根据句子意思
15.The clever boy made a hole in the wall,_____he could see_______ was going on inside the house.
A.which;what B.through which; what C through that; what D.what; that
16.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m._______many people have gone home.
A. whose time B.that C. on which D.by which time
17.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,_______there won't be much work.
A. Where B.that C.by which D. without which
KEY:15.B 16.D 17.D
综合应用能力提升
单句改错
1.It is also a window which we can learn about American society.
2 The pen in which he is writing is mine.
3. The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.
4. The man with who you talked is my friend.
5. This is the baby I'm asked to take care of him
KEY:1.which---from which 2.in--with 3.that---which 4.who---whom 5.him---/
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
A.根据上句完成下句
6. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
Up to now, he has written ten stories,______ _______three are about country life.
7. No one wants the room the windows of which are broken.
No one wants the room_____ _______ the windows are broken.
8.I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.
I have many friends,____ ________ some are businessmen
9. Do you know the boy whom she was talking to
Do you know the boy_____ _______ she was talking to
Do you know the boy _____ ______ she was talking
10.They are the students whom our teachers think highly of.
They are the students our teachers think highly________.
They are the students_____ _______our teachers think highly.
Key:6.of which 7.of which 8.of whom 9.to/to whom 10.of/of whom
B.完成句子
11.Wind power is an ancient source of energy_____which we may return in the near future.
12. She showed me the dictionary_____ which she paid a lot of money.
13. I would always like to do business with those people_____whom I can rely.
14. It is important to choose good friends _____whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.
Key:11.to 12.for 13.on 14.with
第8讲 同位语从句和定语从句
考点精讲精练
例题:
He told me the news this morning_____his father had come back.
A.which B.that C. which or that
答案是B。那么A为什么不可以呢
要弄明白这个问题，就要搞清楚定语从句和同位语从句的区别。同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面:
A.从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope. belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise,order 等有一定内涵的名词;而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:
1.We are now looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
我们正在调查的问题是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句)
2.Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句)
3.Our team has won the game, which made us very happy .
我们队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)
B.从性质上区别
定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如:
1.The news that our team has won the game was true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(同位语从句，说明news到底是一个什么消息)
2.The news that he told me yesterday was true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，指他告诉我的消息)
3.I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容)
4.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈做出了一个今她的孩子们高兴的许诺。
(定语从句.promise在从句中作pleased的主语)
C.引导词上的区别
引导词that引导定语从向时，作从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略:而that在同位语从向中仅起连接作用。不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替.
例:判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
① The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。
② The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组，
解析:①是同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，不能换为which，也不能省略
②是定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语。可以换为which。也可省略。 li. how,whether,what 虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句:who,whose.whom,which,when,where, why除引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。
定语从句的引导词反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。
1 The reason that he gave for his coming late was not true.
2 The reason that his alarm clock was broken was not true.
在①中，that的意思是reason，在定语从句中作give的宾语。在②句中，that 只起连接作用，不含有 the reason的意思。
在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为“介词+关系代词”，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为“介词+连接代词”的形式。
1.The suggestion where he stressed the importance of exercising was very practical.
2.The suggestion where we should exercise regularly is very practical.
在上面的句①中，where 可以换为in which;在句②中，where 不能换为in which.
例:判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
1.That question whether we need it has not been considered.
2. I have no idea what has happened to him.
3.He hasn't answered the question how I will deal with it.
4.The school where Bob studies is in the middle of the city.
5. The decision when we should get started hasn't been made.
解析:①。②.③是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词的内容.whether,what 和how 不能引导定语从句。
④是定语从句，where 反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为in which.
⑤是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when并没有反映 the decision 的意思。when 也不能改为at which time.
练习:
1.The news______he has been elected president of the United States is true.
A.that B.which C.what D.where
2.The news_________you told me yesterday is true.
A.that B.when C.what D.where
3.Nobody believed his reason for been absent from the class ____he had to meet his uncle at
the air port.
A. why B.that C.where D.because
4.Is this the reason______he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
A.that B.what C.how D.why
5. Galileo collected the facts ______ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A.that B.which C./ D.A and B
6.Galileo discovered the fact __________the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A.that B.which C./ D.A and B
7.A warm thought suddenly came to me_______I might use the pocket money to buy some
flowers for my mother's birthday.
A.if B.when C.that D.which
8.A story goes_____Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A.when B.where C.what D.that
9. There is much chance_____Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A.that B.which C.until D.if
10.-Is there any possibility_______you could pick me up at the airport ------No problem
A.when B.that C.whether D.what
11. Three days later, word came___ our country had sent up another man-made satellite.
A.which B.when C. that D.where
12.We should consider the students’ request_______the school library provide more books on popular science.
A.that B.when C.which D.where
13.The manager put forward a suggestion__________we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A.whether B.that C.which D.what
Key:1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B
综合应用能力提升
单句改错
1.However, I was lucky enough to have a teacher who didn't take my bad grades as a judgment of my abilities, but simply as an indication how I should study harder.
2.My school is organizing a basketball team and there’ s just a chance which I can join it.
KEY:1.how---that 2.which---that
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
3. He made a decision__________he had to work hard from then on.
4. He made a decision____________annoyed his parents.
5.News came from the school office_________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
Key: 3.that 4.that/which 5.that
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定语从句
第7讲 介词+关系代词
考点精讲精练
考点1.关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或which,不可用 who,that。
关系代词不直接住于介词后时，则可用who that，也可省略。
判断下列句子是否正确，如有错误，请改正过来
1.He is the man with who she went to Europe.
2.He is the man whom she went to Europe with.
3.He is the man who she went to Europe with.
4.He is the man that she went to Europe with.
5. He is the man she went to Europe with.
6.I will never forget the day on which he passed away.
7.I will never forget the day on that he passed away.
8.I will never forget the day which he passed away on.
9.I will never forget the day that he passed away on.
10. I will never forget the day he passed away on.
11.I will never forget the day when he passed away
答案与解析:
1.who改为who.直接位于介词后时，要用宾格
2. 正确，不直接位于介词后时、可用主格也可用宾格.
3.正确。不直接位于介词后时，可用主格也可用宾格.
4.正确。先行词是人时，关系代词用 who 也可用 that
5.正确。关系代词作宾语且不位于介词后时可以省略
6.正确。先行词是the day
7.that 改为 which.直接位于介词后时不能用that
8.正确。可以把关系代词放到前面，把介词放到后面
9.正确。不直接位于介词后时可以用 that
10.正确。关系代词是that/which，作宾语，被省略了。
11.正确。关系词在定语从句中作状语、用关系副词。
1.The study suggests that the cultures w grow up ______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.
A.on B.in C.at D.about
Key: 1.B
考点2.from where, since when为“介词+关系副词”结构，可以引导定语从句
如:We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.
2. China is the birthplace of kites,____kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A.from that B.from where C. from there D.from here
3.The book was written in 1946,__ ___the education system has witnessed great changes .
A.when B.during which C. since then D.since when
KEY:2.B 3.D
考点3.look after,look for 等固定短语动词
在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
4.This is the baby_____tomorrow.
A. after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after
C.whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after
KEY:4.B
考点4.“介词+关系代词”作后置定语时、可移到所修饰词之前。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which (=of which some) have gone bad.
篮子里有好多苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom(=of whom most ) are from big cities
我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。
5.For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further,_____New York is an example.
A.for which B.in which C. of which D.from which
6. In our class there are 46 students,_____half wear glasses.
A.in whom B.in them C.of whom D.of them
7 .The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months_____.the sailing time was 226 days.
A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which
KEY:5.C 6.C 7.A
考点5.介词的选择:看前看后看意思
A.看与先行词的搭配
8.The bicycle_____he often rides needs repairing..
A.on which B.in which C.by which D.with which
9.The world____is made up of matter
A. in that we live B.on which we live C.where we live in D.we live in
10.We went through a period_____communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A.which B. whose C.in which D.with which
KEY: 8.A 9.D 10.C
B.看谓语的搭配
11. The two things______ they felt very proud are Jim's god watch and Della's hair.
A. about which B.of which C.in which D.for which
12. He is a man of great experience,______ much can be learned.
A.who B.that D.from whom C.from which
13. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person________she could turn for help.
A.whom B.who C. to whom D. from whom
14.Gun control is a subject____Americans have argued for a long time.
A.of which B.with which C about which D. into which
KEY:11.B 12.D 13.C 14.C
C，根据句子意思
15.The clever boy made a hole in the wall,_____he could see_______ was going on inside the house.
A.which;what B.through which; what C through that; what D.what; that
16.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m._______many people have gone home.
A. whose time B.that C. on which D.by which time
17.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,_______there won't be much work.
A. Where B.that C.by which D. without which
KEY:15.B 16.D 17.D
综合应用能力提升
单句改错
1.It is also a window which we can learn about American society.
2 The pen in which he is writing is mine.
3. The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.
4. The man with who you talked is my friend.
5. This is the baby I'm asked to take care of him
KEY:1.which---from which 2.in--with 3.that---which 4.who---whom 5.him---/
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
A.根据上句完成下句
6. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
Up to now, he has written ten stories,______ _______three are about country life.
7. No one wants the room the windows of which are broken.
No one wants the room_____ _______ the windows are broken.
8.I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.
I have many friends,____ ________ some are businessmen
9. Do you know the boy whom she was talking to
Do you know the boy_____ _______ she was talking to
Do you know the boy _____ ______ she was talking
10.They are the students whom our teachers think highly of.
They are the students our teachers think highly________.
They are the students_____ _______our teachers think highly.
Key:6.of which 7.of which 8.of whom 9.to/to whom 10.of/of whom
B.完成句子
11.Wind power is an ancient source of energy_____which we may return in the near future.
12. She showed me the dictionary_____ which she paid a lot of money.
13. I would always like to do business with those people_____whom I can rely.
14. It is important to choose good friends _____whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.
Key:11.to 12.for 13.on 14.with
第8讲 同位语从句和定语从句
考点精讲精练
例题:
He told me the news this morning_____his father had come back.
A.which B.that C. which or that
答案是B。那么A为什么不可以呢
要弄明白这个问题，就要搞清楚定语从句和同位语从句的区别。同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面:
A.从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope. belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise,order 等有一定内涵的名词;而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:
1.We are now looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
我们正在调查的问题是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句)
2.Word came that he had been abroad.据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句)
3.Our team has won the game, which made us very happy .
我们队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)
B.从性质上区别
定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如:
1.The news that our team has won the game was true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(同位语从句，说明news到底是一个什么消息)
2.The news that he told me yesterday was true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，指他告诉我的消息)
3.I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容)
4.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.
妈妈做出了一个今她的孩子们高兴的许诺。
(定语从句.promise在从句中作pleased的主语)
C.引导词上的区别
引导词that引导定语从向时，作从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略:而that在同位语从向中仅起连接作用。不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替.
例:判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
① The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。
② The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组，
解析:①是同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，不能换为which，也不能省略
②是定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语。可以换为which。也可省略。 li. how,whether,what 虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句:who,whose.whom,which,when,where, why除引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。
定语从句的引导词反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。
1 The reason that he gave for his coming late was not true.
2 The reason that his alarm clock was broken was not true.
在①中，that的意思是reason，在定语从句中作give的宾语。在②句中，that 只起连接作用，不含有 the reason的意思。
在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为“介词+关系代词”，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为“介词+连接代词”的形式。
1.The suggestion where he stressed the importance of exercising was very practical.
2.The suggestion where we should exercise regularly is very practical.
在上面的句①中，where 可以换为in which;在句②中，where 不能换为in which.
例:判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。
1.That question whether we need it has not been considered.
2. I have no idea what has happened to him.
3.He hasn't answered the question how I will deal with it.
4.The school where Bob studies is in the middle of the city.
5. The decision when we should get started hasn't been made.
解析:①。②.③是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词的内容.whether,what 和how 不能引导定语从句。
④是定语从句，where 反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为in which.
⑤是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when并没有反映 the decision 的意思。when 也不能改为at which time.
练习:
1.The news______he has been elected president of the United States is true.
A.that B.which C.what D.where
2.The news_________you told me yesterday is true.
A.that B.when C.what D.where
3.Nobody believed his reason for been absent from the class ____he had to meet his uncle at
the air port.
A. why B.that C.where D.because
4.Is this the reason______he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
A.that B.what C.how D.why
5. Galileo collected the facts ______ proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A.that B.which C./ D.A and B
6.Galileo discovered the fact __________the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.
A.that B.which C./ D.A and B
7.A warm thought suddenly came to me_______I might use the pocket money to buy some
flowers for my mother's birthday.
A.if B.when C.that D.which
8.A story goes_____Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A.when B.where C.what D.that
9. There is much chance_____Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A.that B.which C.until D.if
10.-Is there any possibility_______you could pick me up at the airport ------No problem
A.when B.that C.whether D.what
11. Three days later, word came___ our country had sent up another man-made satellite.
A.which B.when C. that D.where
12.We should consider the students’ request_______the school library provide more books on popular science.
A.that B.when C.which D.where
13.The manager put forward a suggestion__________we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A.whether B.that C.which D.what
Key:1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.B
综合应用能力提升
单句改错
1.However, I was lucky enough to have a teacher who didn't take my bad grades as a judgment of my abilities, but simply as an indication how I should study harder.
2.My school is organizing a basketball team and there’ s just a chance which I can join it.
KEY:1.how---that 2.which---that
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
3. He made a decision__________he had to work hard from then on.
4. He made a decision____________annoyed his parents.
5.News came from the school office_________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
Key: 3.that 4.that/which 5.that
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