高考英语专项讲解 （名词从句讲义+练习第1-3讲）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
名词从句
名词性从句：
名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。高考常从连接词的选择，语序，语气，时态等方面来考查。名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/as if,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever.
第1讲 引导名词性从句的连接词
考点精讲精练
考点1.引导名词性从句的连接词有哪些
有学生认为，引导同位语从句只能用that，这句话对吗 先看下面几个句子。
① I have no question that he will come.
② I have a question whether he will come.
③ I have a question when he will come.
我们可以看出:上面三个句子中question后面都是同位语从句，都是说明question的内容的。
在句①中，同位语从句的原句是陈述句，由that引导:
在句②中，原句是一般疑问句，由whether 引导:
在句③中，同位语从句的原句是特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词也起着连接作用。
其实，所有名词性从句的连接词都有上面的三种情况。
宾语从句:
I don't know that he will come.
I don't know whether/if he will come.
I don't know when he will come.
表语从句:
What I don't know is that he will come.
What I don't know is whether he will come.
What I don't know is when he will come.
主语从句
That he will come is obvious.
Whether he will come isn't known yet.
When he will come isn't known yet.
1.It is uncertain_______side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A.that B.what C. how D.whether
2.It is by no means clear ______the president can do to end the strike.
A.how B.which C.that D. what
3.It doesn't matter____you pay by cash c credit card in this store.
A. how B.whether C.what D.why
4.It remains to be seen__________the new formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A. that B.which C.what D.whether
5.It is obvious to the students_________ the should get well prepared for their future.
A.as B.which C. whether D.that
6.It suddenly occurred to him____________he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where C.which D. that
Key:1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.D
考点2.引导词 that的省略问题
主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中连词 that 不能省略。
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don't have enough money.
She expressed her hope that they would come to China one day.
只有宾语从句中的连接词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中 that 也不能省略:
A.当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that 不可省略。
He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand.
B.当两个名词性从句并列作宾语时，后面的 that 不能省。
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried .
C.当that作介词宾语时，that 不可省掉。
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do
7.It is often the case________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A.why B.what C.as D.that
8.__________fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A.What B.That C.This D.Which
9.One reason for her preference for city life is___________she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that B.how C.what D.why
10.The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was___a new job.
A. because I got B. because of getting C.I got D.that I got
11.The next thing he saw was smoke_________from behind the house.
A. rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen
12. Having checked the doors were closed,and____________all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.
A.why B.that C.when D.where
13. I know nothing about the young lady---_______she is from Beijing.
A.except B.except for C.except that D.besides
14.Human beings are different from animals ___ they can use language as a tool to communicate.
A.for that B.in that C.in which D.for which
KEY:7.D 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B
考点3.whether与f引导名词性从句时的区别
A.在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether.不能用if.
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
B. 在宾语从句中whether和f可以互换。但：
1.作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether.如:
It all depends on whether they will come back.
2.后面直接跟or not时用whether.如:
I didn't know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
B. whether也可与动词不定式连用，但if不能。
I have not decided whether to go or not
B. whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用:
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
E.whether 可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”“无论”，而 if不能。如:
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time
F.discuss 后通常用 whether.
15._________you can succeed in the end will mainly depend on_____you do and___you do it.
A.If,what; why B.Whether; what;how
C.Whether; how; why D.That; whether: how
16.It is not immediately clear_______ the financial crisis will soon be over.
A. since B.what C.when D.whether
17.They discussed________they could settle the problem without others' help.
A. if B.that C. what D.whether
18. What the doctor is uncertain about is______my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B.how C. whether D.why
19.Mr. Hopkins has not yet answered my question____I can go with him to____he calls the Underground Treasure House next week.
A.that: which B.that; where
C.whether; that D.whether, what
20.I have no idea _______or not he has finished the work.
A.if B.that C.whether D.which
KEY: 15.B 16.D 17.D 18.C 19.D 20.C
考点4.question与doubt后跟同位语从句时的连接词问题
doubt,question 用于肯定结构时，后面用whether 引导名词性从句;用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that引导名词性从句。be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句;用于否定句时，后接 whether/ if引导的名词性从句。
21.I have no question ___________he will succeed.
A.whether B.that C.when D.how
22.Then I had a question_____a spore(孢子)could quickly get around and form mould(霉菌).
A.why B.that C.that how D. if
23. The question came up at the meeting_____we had enough money for our research.
A.that B.what C.which D.whether
24.I don't doubt________he'll come.
A.that B.if C. what D.whether
25.After three days waiting.,there was a little doubt in the mother's mind_______the police could find her lost child.
A how B.that C.where D whether
KEY:21.B 22.A 23.D 24.A 25.D 26.B 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.B
考点5.名词性从句是复合句时，不要忘了带that(双连接词)
改错:
1. The question was that whether he could get a job at the center,
2. You have no idea that how busy we were those days.
3.It is well known what a person eats causes changes in the body.
答案及解析:
①去掉that，后面whether本身就起着连接作用。
②去掉that.who.how.when,what 等本身就有两个作用:作从句的成分;起连接作用。
③在what前面加that.what只是把主语从句的两个分句连接起来，但其作为一个整体来做主语从句时还需要用 that 引导.
26. Father made a promise______I passed the exam he would buy me a bike.
A.that B.that if C.if D.whether
27. It was true_______she did delighted every one of us.
A.that B.what C.that what D that which
28. Some language experts think________we learn language in the same way_____we learn other things, and we're born with is a general ability to learn and adapt.
A./; /;that what B.that; which:what
C./; that; what that D.that;in which; that
29.She often thinks of ______she can do more for her motherland.
A.what B.how C.that D.that how
30. At that time I had no idea______I could hand it to him without being seen.
A. if B.how C.which D. that how
KEY:26.B 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.B
综合应用能力提升
单句改错
1. One may not agree to the examination system, but at present it is basically the only measure that the teacher and the rest of the world can depend on to decide if or not each of us meets the requirement.
2.If you come or not is up to you.
3.I have no idea if he will come tomorrow.
4.My suggestion is we go by bus instead of by train.
5.Athletes are awarded some money is reasonable.
6. Everyone knows the fact Taiwan belongs.to China.
7.He told me he had got used to the life there and he was making progress.
8.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.
KEY:1.if--whether 2.If ---Whether 3.if ---whether 4.we 前加that 5.句首That
6.Taiwan前加that 7.and后加that 8.去掉That
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
9.It's uncertain_________ he will do tomorrow.
10_____________is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress.
11.__________talks between the two countries are making progress is reported in the newspaper.
12.____________is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress.
13.____is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
14.There is no doubt ______my friend was not important to them all.
Key:9.what 10.It 11.That 12.What 13.As 14.that
第2讲
第2讲 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（参考定语从句第8讲）
第2讲 What,when,where,how,why等引导的名词性从句
考点精讲精练
考点1.what引导的名词性从句功能上相当于一个名词
先看下面这组句子的转换过程:
He bought a pen yesterday.(对画线部分提问)
What did he buy yesterday (what 代替名词a pen）
what引导的这个问句可以替代画线的名词(a pen)
我们要表达He lent the pen to her. 就可以说
→He lent what he bought yesterday to her他把他昨天买的东西(钢笔)借给了她
从上面的例句我们可以看出:what从句是what引导的特殊疑问句的陈述语序。what从句代指的是名词;what作从句成分，可以看作是对陈述句画线部分提问时的疑问词。
what名词性从句常代指一个具体的意思，如
what he said 他所说的话 what he did 他所做的事
what he bought 他所买的东西 what he calls his bed 他称作自己的床的物体
考点2.用“一找，二还，三替换”的方法来确定连接词
我们也可以利用定语从句中确定关系词的“一找，二还，三替换”的方法来确定名词性从句的连接词。
一找:根据主句来确定从句所代指名词的“大致意思”;
二还:这个“大致意思”也是连接词的意思。根据这个"大致意思"，把从句还原为一句话:
三替换:按照对画线部分提问的方法，把添加的“大致意思”替换为特殊疑问词(也就是连接词)。现在我们用具体的例子来说明:
①He handed_______he picked up outside the school to his head teacher.
一找:括号外是主句，括号内是从句，从句起着一个名词的作用，大致意思是“某物”
He handed (____________he picked up outside the school) to his head teacher.
二还:连接词也是“某物”的意思。把从句还原成一句话就是:
He picked up某物outside the school.
三替换:按照对画线部分提问的方法，应用what替换，因此填what。本句意思为:他把他在校外捡到的东西交给了老师。
② He was born in_________is called Xincun
一找:括号内是从句，括号外是主句。从句功能相当于一个名词，大致意思是“某地”。
特 He was born in(__________is called Xincun)
二还:因此，连接词也是“某地”的意思。根据这个意思把从句还原为一句话就是:
某地is called Xincun
三替换:按照对画线部分提问的方法，应用 what替换不能用 where，因为where 是副词。
因此填 what.本句意思是:他出生在一个叫作“新村’的地方。
③ After____seems like hours.he left, disappointed .
一找:括号外是主句，括号内是从句。从句起着一个名词的作用、大致意思是“一段时间”。
After(__________seems like hours).he left, disappointed
二还:连接词也是“一段时间”的意思。把从句还原为一句话就是:一段时间 seems like hours.
三替换:按照对画线部分提问的方法，应用what替换，不能用when，因为when是副词。
因此填what。本句意思是:过了好像是数小时这样一段时间的样子，他离开了，非常失望.
练习:在横线上填上适当的词。
①He threw___I bought yesterday into the trash can.
② They arrived at_________is the capital of Henan Province.
③I have been waiting for you for__ seems like ages.
④ His new house is close to____I live.
答案:what;what;what; where
可以看出。这个方法也可以用于名词性从句的其他连接词的选择。不过，其他连接词相对简单，不必这样麻烦。要想快速确定连接词、关键还是要多做多练。
考点3，我们常用what从句来指代叫不出名称的事物
例如，我们不知道“空调”用英语怎么说的话
我们要表达“The boy broke the空调."，我们就可以说:
The boy broke what we use to cool the air in the classroom.
再如:
He gave me what looks like a doll as my birthday present.
他给了我一个看起来好像玩具娃娃一样的东西作为我的生日礼物。
1.A modern city has been set up in_________was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. that B.where C.what D.which
2.After_________seemed like hours, he came out with a bitter smile.
A.which B.it C.what D. that
3.The teacher returned after___seemed to be a long time.
A.it B.that C.what D.when
4.I was close to being killed the other day. A car passed me at__________I thought was a dangerous speed.
A.as B.which C. what D. that
5. Generally speaking, _________we have seen seems more believable than______we have been told.
A.what; that B.what, what C.that; what D. that; that
6.Our teachers always tell us to believe in________we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A.why B.how C.what D.which
7.I think that this meal was well worth_______was charged for it.
A.that B.what C. which D. how many
8. The shopkeeper didn't want to sell for___he thought was not enough.
A.how B.after C. what D.when
9.Output is now six times__________it was before liberation.
A. that B.which C.what D. of which
10.Mr.Smith told me_____________he was doing was important.
A.that B.why C.what that D.why what
11.Police have found__________appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A.which B. where C. how D.what
12. What a different man he is____________he was four years ago.
A. from what B.with what C.from whom D.by whom
13.-What a mess! You are always so lazy!
-I’m not to blame, mum. I am__________you have made me.
A.how B.what C. that D. who
14.The city is no longer______________.
A.what it is B. that it used to be
C.which it was D. what it used to be
15.Our school is no longer____it was 10 years ago,_______ it was not well equipped.
A.what; which B.that; which C.what;when D.that; where
Key:1.C 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C
考点4.when,where,how,why引导的名词性从句
why:……的原因;when.……的时间; how，的方法:where，……的地方
注意:where引导状语从句时前面不用介词。引导名词性从句时前面可以用介词。如
Take him where the air is fresh.(地点状语从句)
My house is close to where he lives.(名词性从句)
From where I stand. the key to passing the test is to practice speaking English every day.
(名词性从句)
16.-Do you think it a must for me to try to do everything for my children
-No,that's ________you're mistaken: they should do everything on their own.
A.where B.when C.what D. that
17.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
----That's_____I don't agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where B.how C.when D.what
18.Is this________we met each other two years ago
A.place B.place in which C. where D. place which
19.Go and get your coat.It's __________you left it.
A. there B.where C. there where D.where there
20.--Have you finished the book
-----No, I've read up to__________the children discover the secret cave.
A.which B.what C. that D. where
21.I am afraid he's more of a talker than a doer,which is_________he never finishes anything
A.that B.when C.where D.why
22.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-[s that__________you had a few days off
A.why B.when C.what D.where
23.___we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A.Where B.How C.Why D.When
24.The last time we had great fun was_________we were visiting the Water Park.
A.where B.how C.when D.why
KEY:16.A 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.D 21.D 22.A 23.B 24.C
考点5.when表示“……时候的事情”
25.I remember_________this used to be a quiet place.
A.when B.how C.that D.if
26.I remember_________we had our lessons in a shed(小棚子)
A.when B.which C. where D. what
KEY: 25.A 26.A
考点6.感叹句作名词性从句
27. The travelers drank up__________little water there was in the bottles.
A.how B.which C.what D.that
28.Mary: Helen is a mere washerwoman, yet she's now buying a big house.
Carol:Yes. Because she's always saved________.
A. what little she earns B.how little she earns
C. for little she earns D.with little she earns
29. Parents are taught to understand________important education is to their children's future.
A.that B.how C.such D.so
30.The shocking news made me realize ____terrible problems we would face.
A. what B.how C. that D.why
KEY:27.C 28.A 29.B 30.A
综合应用能力提升
单句改错
1.So if they had said was true,I would have a chance of winning the prize.
2. Leaving him at home all day, we would return at night to hear that he'd picked up from the radio in the day.
3. That he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
4. They do these is because they want to earn some money.(两处错误)
5.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
KEY:1.they前加what 2.that---what 3.That---What 4.句首加Why 5.that---where
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
6.Perhaps_________my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.
7.It is difficult for us to imagine_____life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
8. Mr. Hopkins has not yet answered my question whether I can go with him to____he calls the Underground Treasure House next week.
9. __________makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life.
10.I was so impressed by_________selfless she was.
Key: 6.what 7.what 8.what 9.What 10.how
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