高考英语专项讲解 （名词从句讲义+练习第4-5讲）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
名词从句
第4讲 whatever,whoever,whichever与whenever,wherever,however
考点精讲精练
“连接词+ever”可分为两类:
“连接代词 +ever”: whatever/whichever/whoever(宾格whomever)
“连接副词 +ever”: wherever/whenever/however
不论是“连接代词+ever”还是“连接副词+ever”，其意义都是“不管/无论+该连接词的本义”。
考点1.“连接代词+ever”既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语性从句
A.引导名词性从句时，既作主句成分又作从句成分。
Whoever smokes here will be punished.(whoever 引导主语从句，在主句和从句中都作主语)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given.(whatever 引导宾语从句、在主句和从句中都作宾语)
Whichever he likes will be given to him.
(whichever 引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，在主句中作主语)
引导名词性从句不能换为no matter+连接代词。
Whatever you say is of no use now.√
No matter what you say is of no use now.x
1.I don't believe______he says now. He is a cheat.
A. no matter what B.everything C.whatever D.how
2.______comes to the party will receive a gift.
A. No matter who B.Who C. Which one D. Whoever
Key: 1.C 2.D
B.引导让步状语从句时，可换为no matter+连接代词:
Whatever happened, he wouldn't say a word
= No matter what happened, he wouldn't say a word.
3.Do______you think is right,_____difficulties you may have.
A.what; however B.that;whatever C.whatever; whoever D.what;whatever
4. She liked the ancient Chinese vase so much that she would like to take it,______it cost.
A.how much B.what C.no matter what D.how expensive
5.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off_____we are to shake hands with.
A.whichever B.whenever C.whoever D.wherever
KEY: 3.D 4.C 5.C
考点2.“连接副词+ever”:只能引导让步状语从句，可以替换为“no matter+where/when /how" Wherever he goes (may go), I'll follow him.
=No matter where he goes (may go), I'll follow him.
无论他去哪里，我都会跟随他。
Whenever I visited him, he was always busy working.
= No matter when I visited him, he was always busy working.
无论我什么时候去看他，他总是在忙于工作。
6. _______I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A.Whatever B.Whenever C.Whoever D.However
7.No matter________hard it may be,I will carry it out.
A.what B.whatever C.how D. however
8. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty.__great it is.
A.how B.what C.however D.whatever
9. __________you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B.What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D.What serious a problem
KEY: 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.C
考点3.“连接代词+ever”和“连接副词+ever”都可用于加强语气
与原疑问词的意思、用法完全相同，只是表达的语气更为强烈，翻译时可加上“到底:究竟”等，如:
Which (ever) do you want to buy 你(究竟)要买哪一个
When (ever) can I enjoy a long vacation (究竟)什么时候才能给我放个长假呢
How (ever) did you collect so much money 你(到底)是怎样筹到这么多钱的
注意:这种强调的特殊疑问句往往是简单句。如
It was a matter of_______would take the position.
A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever
答案与解析:一些同学可能选B理解为“这是一个有关到底谁将取得这个职位的问题”。但whoever 这类词用于强调时，往往是简单句。所以选A.
考点4.whatever与however引导的让步状语从句可省去连系动词
whatever省略后面的系动词be，however省略后面的主语和系动词，
The old tower must be restored, whatever the cost(cost后省略了is)
In our company, every body is well taken care of, no matter what his position (is).
在我们公司，每个人都得到很好的照顾，不管他是什么职位。
I refuse, however favorable the conditions.
不管条件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)
I'd rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room.
无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，也不愿意与别人合住一个房间。
10._____ the reason, you should not have refused his invitation.
A.However B.What C.Whatever D.No matter
11.The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit_________the season.
A. Whatever B.wherever C.whenever D.however
12.The old tower must be saved,_______the cost.
A. however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever
KEY: 10.C 11.A 12.B
考点5.不管是引导名词性从句还是让步状语从句，从句都用陈述语序
(从句一般都用陈述语序。参看P190考点8)
13.___________, his wife will stand at the gate to wait for him to come back.
A.However he is late B. However is he late C.However late he is D. However late is he
14._______tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao.
A. However the weather is like
B. However is the weather like
C. Whatever is the weather like
D.Whatever the weather is like
KEY:13.C 14.D
考点6.让步状语从句也遵循“主将从现”规则(参看P.95)
注意:这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词 may/might。
Whichever dictionary you ( may) take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
Whenever he comes back. he will never escape being punished
考点7.其他考点
A.whatever与whichever
如果句中明确指出选择对象时，用whichever.否则用 whatever
15.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for_____he could find about Mark Twain.
A.wherever B.however C.whatever D.whichever
16.She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do________it takes to save her life.
A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever
17.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ____suits you best.
A, whatever B.whichever C.whenever D.wherever
18.__________one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Whichever D.Wherever
KEY: 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.C
B.whoever与whomever
这两个词引导名词性从句时。时，既可作主司成分，又可作从句成分。用主格(whoever)还是宾格(whomever)关键是要看在从句中作什么成分(在现代英语中，常用 whoever 代替whomever)。如:
This prize will be awarded to whoever runs fastest.
( whoever虽然在主句中作宾语，但在从句中作主语、看在从句中作的成分，因此要用whoever,而不用whomever)
19.We promise___________attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever
20.To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions_____had used the products.
A. whoever B.who C.whichever D.which
21.Could I speak to_______is in charge of International Sales please
A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever
KEY: 19.C 20.A 21.C
C.however much work
虽然much work是名词短语，但however修饰的是 much、而不是work，因此用however,不用whatever.
22.You should try to get a good night's sleep _______much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C.although D.whatever
23.This is a very interesting book.I'll buy it,_____________.
A.how much may it cost B.no matter how it may cost
C. however much it may cost D.how may it cost
KEY: 22.A 23.C
综合应用能力提升
单句改错
1. You can choose whatever book you like among these
2. You can ask whomever is good at it to help you.
3. No matter who gets a gold medal will get a bonus.
KEY:1.whatever--whichever 2.whomever ----whoever 3.NO matter who--Whoever
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
4._________wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
5.We shall defend our city._______the cost.
Key:4.Whoever 5.Whatever
第5讲 间直引语 （宾语从句）
考点精讲精练
直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，叫作直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号，这叫作间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句。
考点1.时态变化问题
A.主句是一般现在时和一般将来时，从句仍用原时态
He says,“T like English best.”
→He says that he likes English best.
I will tell him,“T have got rid of the book.”→I will tell him that I have got rid of the book
B.主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态
改错:
1.He said he enjoys reading English novels
2.He said the girl is doing some washing.
3.He told me that he has never been there before.
4.He told me that he will never forgive me.
答案与解析:
① enjoys→ enjoyed ② is → was
③ has → had ④will → would
一般的规律是:
一般现在时一 一般过去时
现在进行时一 过去进行时
现在完成时一 过去完成时
一般将来时→ 过去将来时
一般过去时→ 过去完成时
过去完成时→ 不变
过去进行时→ 不变
C.当直接引语是客观真理或谚语时时态不需变化。
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound He said that practice makes perfect.
D.直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时时态也不需变。
He told us that he went to college in 1994.
He said that when he was a child,he usually played football after school.
1.He said that he_________for Shanghai the next day.
A. will leave B.has left C.would leave D.had left
2.I never dreamed I______here discussing state affairs with the other deputies.
A. will be sitting B.would be sitting
C. will have been sitting D. would have been sitting
3. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers___________.
A. will leave B.are leaving C. have left D. were leaving
4.Darwin proved that natural selection_________the chief factor in the development of species
A. has been B.had been C.is D.was
Key: 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C
考点2.宾语从句中的连词问题(参看P.144)
考点3.祈使句的间接引语
用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell warn,order,request等。如:ask sb.to do sth He said,“Be seated, please."→He asked us to be seated.
考点4.宾语从句要用陈述语序
在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序。
(从句都是用陈述语序。参看P190考点8)
注意:What's the trouble 和What's the matter 本身就是陈述语序。
5. Henry killed the dog.I'll ask him why______.
A. did he do that B.he did that C. he did D. he has done so
6.He asked me_____with me.
A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is
7.Excuse me, would you please tell me_
A.when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be held
C. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place
8. Do you know__
A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the world
C. how many the population of the world is D. what the population of the world is
9.-___
-I think he is Charles.
A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he is
C. Whom do you think he is D.Do you think who is he
10.When changing lanes,a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know___.
A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering
C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering
KEY: 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.B
考点5.几个时间状语的变化
now →then
today → that day
yesterday → the day
before last week → the week before
tomorrow→the next(following)day
next year → the next year
two days ago two days before
注意:
next和ago都是以现在为起点，the next和before是以过去为起点。因此，如果主句是一般过去时，后面的宾语从句一般要用the next和before.
He said,I will return next week."
→ He said he would return the next week.
He said,“I returned your book three days ago.”
→ He said he had returned my book three days before.
综合应用能力提升
单句改错
1.Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.
2. My father said Mother had gone to Beijing a week ago.
3.I'm very glad to hear you are coming to visit me the next Friday.
4. He asked me that where l lived.
5. Our teacher said he has never seen such a good student.
6. They said they are strongly against the idea.
7.I stood there and couldn't believe that a complete stranger is so thoughtful.
KEY: 1.before---ago 2.ago---before 3.去掉next前的the 4.that去掉 5.has---had
6.said--say或are--were 7.is--was
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
把下列直接引语变为间接引语。(每空1词)
8."Do you know where she lives " he asked.
He asked_____ ________knew where she________.
9. She said to us," I'll come here tomorrow."
She told us that she___go there____ __________ _______.
10. "We are going to study in Australia next month." they said
They said they______going to study in Australia_______ ________month.
11.."I met her yesterday," he said to me.
He___me that he__________ met her the day_________.
12. "I bought the house 10 years ago," he said
He said that he________bought the house 10 years_______.
I3.They said,"We planted the tree last year."
They said that they had planted the tree the year__________.
14."I've found my wallet," he said to me.
He told me that he________ _________his wallet.
15.“You must come here before five," he said
He said that I___________to go there before five.
16.My father said,"Practice makes perfect."
My father said that practice_______perfect.
17. He said to me,"l was born in 1978."
He told me that he__________born in 1978.
Key:
8. whether/if I,lived 9.would,the next day 10.were,the next 11.told,had,before
12.had,before 13.before 14.had found 15.had 16.makes 17.was
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