高考英语专项讲解 （状语从句讲义+练习第1-2讲）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
状语从句
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，条件，让步，比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊连接词。
第1讲 时间状语从句
考点精讲精练
常用引导词:when,as, while, as soon as, while, before, after.
since , till, until.
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time
the day,the instant, immediately, directly,no sooner ... than, hardly ...when, scarcely ... when.
考点1.when引导时间状语从句
A.可以引导短暂动作的动词，也可引导延续动作动词
可以指动作发生前，可以指动作发生时，也可指动作发生后。可以替代while和as的一些用法。
Just as/ Just when / When [ stopped my car, a man came up to me.
When /While I lived there,I made quite a few friends When I got there,the train had left.(相当于before) When I get there,I will tell you the whole story(相当于 after)
1.There were some chairs left over_____ everyone had sat down.
A.when B.until C. that D.where
2.Nancy enjoyed herself so much____she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that B.which C.when D. where
Key: 1.A 2.C
B.when作“既然”解
英语解释作since;considering that既然;考虑到。
① How can they lean anything when they spend all their spare time watching television
他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了，还能学什么东西呢
② How can he succeed when he won't work
既然他不肯工作，那他怎么会成功呢
③ Why did you stay in a hotel when you could stay in your own home
既然你能住在家里，为什么要住旅馆呢
3. Why do you want a new job_____you've got such a good one already
A.that B.where C.which D.when
4. It's no wonder you've got a headache____you drank so much last night.
A. though B.in case C. when D.while
5.How can you expect to learn anything_______you never listen
A.in case B. even if C.unless D.when
KEY:3.D 4.C 5.D
C.when作“这时”解(此时为并列连词)
i.表示一个动作正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一
件事。主句多用进行时。
I was fishing by the river when someone called for help.我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。
6.Jack________in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A.works B.has worked C. was working D.would work
7。Jim_______a late night film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
A. watched B.had watched C. was watching D. would be watching
KEY: 6.C 7.C
ii. 主句用过去完成时，when 后用一般过去时，“刚……这时……”
8.I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel_____I heard the steps.
A.while B.when C. since D.after
9.She had just finished her homework_________her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A.when B.while C.after D. since
iii. be about to do.... when，“正要……，这时……
10.I______play computer games when the door opened and in came my father.
A. was just to B.had to C.was about to D.would
11.Tom was about to close the window________his attention was caught by a bird.
A.when B. if C.and D.till
KEY:8.B 9.A 10.C 11.A
D.Its..when与Its ....that的区别(时间前有无介词)(参看P.185考点2)
考点2.as引导时间状语从句
A. 强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生，或表示某一动作发生，另一动作立即发生 .
The runners started as the gun went off.枪一响、运动员(马上)就开始(跑)了。
A cat ran out as I opened the door我刚一开门，一只猫就跑了出来
12. The crowd started cheering________he rose to speak.
A.as B.since C.till D.where
13.He smiled politely____Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A.as B.if C.unless D.though
KEY:12.A 13.A
B.从句表示“随时间推移”，连词要用as，不用when或 while
I love you more and more each day as time goes by.
14,_________the average age of the population A.Unless B.Until increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
A.Unless B.Until C.As D.While
15. She had golden hair when she was a child, but _______got older and older, her hair went darker and darker.
A.while B.when C.after D.as
16.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially______Father was away in France.
A.as B.that C. during D.if
KEY:14.C 15.D 16.A
考点3.while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的
A. 主句和从句都可延续，动作并列同时发生
While my wife was cooking , I was watching TV.
17. He is listening to the music__________she is washing clothes.
A.after B.before C. that D.while
18.It just isn’t fair.___I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach.
A.Whenever B.Though C.For D.While
KEY:17.D 18.D
B.从句延续，主句不延续，但主句动作是在从句动作延续的过程中发生的
The farmers saw something strange in the sky while they were working in the fields.
A stranger came in while l was doing my homework.
19.-I'm going to the post office.
---_________you're there, can you get me some stamps
A. As B.While C. Because D.If
19.B
C.while有时还可以表示对比、转折(此时是并列句)
He is quite short while his sister is quite tall.
20.In some places women are expected to earn money_______men work at home and raise their
children.
A.but B.while C.because D.though
21.At school,some students are active_______some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
A.while B.although C.so D.as
KEY:20.B 21.A
D. while 尽管，用于让步状语从句(参看P.160考点6)
考点4.表示“一……就……”的结构
A. hardly/scarcely...when/before, no sooner...than 和 as soon as
hardly(scarcely, rarely)...when / before, no sooner... than 相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当 hardly, scarcely, rarely 和 no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。如:
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.
22.Just use this room for the time being, and we'll offer you a larger one______it becomes available.
A.as soon as B.unless C. as far as D. until
23. Hardly had Glucia finished his speech___________the audience started applauding.
A.that B.as C.since D.when
24. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill_____we all sat down to rest.
A. than B.then C.when D.until
25.The girl had hardly rung the bell_______the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before B.until C.as D.since
26.He had no sooner finished his speech_____________the students started cheering.
A.since B.as C.when D.than
KEY:22.A 23.D 24.A 25.A 26.D
B.the moment, the second, the minute, the instant
名词词组起连词作用。
27.Dr, Bethune began to work________he arrived at the front.
A.the moment B.by the time C.before D.at the moment
28.He will come to call on you the moment he__________his painting.
A. will finish B.finished C. has finished D.had finished
KEY: 27.A 28.C
C.directly, immediately,instantly
在这里，这三个词都用作连询。
He made for the door directly he heard the knock.
29.We called the First-Aid Center______________the traffic accident happened.
A. immediately B.shortly C.quickly D.hurriedly
30. ___________they heard the shout for help. they rushed out.
A.Immediately B. The moment C. Directly D.All the above
KEY:29.A 30.D
链接:on有时也可以表示“一……就”。如:
On arriving there, they got down to work immediately一到那儿，他们立即就开始工作
考点5.each time, every time, next time,by the time 作连词
名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句，可以用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.
Next time you come, please bring your note-book.
31._______I catch a cold,T have pain in my back.
A.Every time B.Though C.Even D.Where
32._________he took part in the competition, he won a second prize.
A. For the first time B. At a time C. At one time D. The first time
KEY:31.A 32.D
考点6.由by the time 引导的时间状语从句
(参看 by+时间状语P96考点3)
考点7.before的特妹用法
33.If you miss this chance, it may be years___________you get another one.
A.as B. before C.since D.after
34.I'm sorry you've been waiting so long. But it'll still be some time______Brian gets back.
A. before B. since C. till D. after
35. Several weeks had gone by_______I realized the painting was missing.
A. as B. before C.since D. when
36.-Why didn't you tell him about the meeting
----He rushed out of the room___________I could say a word.
A.before B.until C. when D. after
37.The roof fell________he had time to dash into tho room to save his baby.
A. before B.as C.after D. until
38.It's cloudy. Take an umbrella__________you regret it.
A.or B.and C. after D.before
39. If we know more about what causes endangerment, we may be able to take measures____it is too late.
A. while B. until C.unless D. before
KEY:33.B 34.A 35.B 36.A 37.A 38.D 39.D
考点8.long before 与 before long(参看形容词和副词(P.51 考点5)
考点9.It's three years since he smoked.怎么翻译
It is three years since he smoked.应译为“他已经三年没吸烟了”，而不是“他吸烟已经三年了"。因为smoked用的是过去时。表明吸烟是过去的事，现在已经不吸了。从过去吸烟时候算起到现在三年，就是“他不吸烟已经三年了”。since后面从句中动词是延续性的则要从结来算起。
be可以用现在时，也可用完成时。
It is/has been five years since I left there
40.It is almost five years ________we saw each other last time.
A.before B. since C. after D.when
41.It is five years_______ he worked here.(请口译)
A.that B.when C. since D. while
42.-Why haven't I seen Mary recently
----Oh, because it is two weeks since she__________here.
A. lived B.got C.has lived D.had got
KEY:40.B 41.C
考点10.比较until和till
A.until和till，用于肯定形式且放在后面时，两词可以换用。not …until... 句式只能用until
B.until 可用于句首，而till 通常不用于句首。
C.till和until所引导的状语所在句子的谓语动词必须是延续性的。如果是非延续性动词，则要用其否定式，就构成了“not…until…”句式。
I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜才醒。
Wait till I call you.
She didn't arrive until 6 o`clock.
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
43.It was____________back home after the experiment.
A. not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didn't go
C. not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didn't go
44.-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school
-Yes. He had never praised him___________he became one of the top students in his grade.
A.after B.unless C.until D.when
45.“You can't have this football back_______you promise not to kick it at my cat again," the old man said firmly.
A.because B.since C.when D.until
链接:until用于倒装句和强调句型(参看P.185考点1)
KEY:43.C 44.C 45.D
考点11.状语从句中的时态规律(主将从现)
当主句是一般将来时时，时间状语从句，条件状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现在时。(参看P95)
综合应用能力提升
单句改错
1.In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.
2.However. while John went back home.the tickets were still there.
3.Toady I was having a PE lesson while l fell down and hurt my foot.
4. No sooner had I got home when it started to rain.
5. The car stopped until it crashed into a tree.
KEY:
1. during改为when
1. While改为when
1. While改为when
1. When改为than
1. Stopped改为didn’t stop
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
6. I had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour without any result,______all at once the solution flashed across my mind.
7.-Let Jack take the place. He's older and should be more experienced.
-I don't think so. A man doesn't necessarily grow wiser _______he grows older.
8. The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left______I could ask for their names.
9.Above all, however, you have to acquire a certain amount of skill and experience___ you can be of service to others.
10. I was about to leave___ the telephone rang.
11.Over time,__________the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Key:
1. when 7.as 8.before 9.before 10.when 11.as
第1讲 原因状语从句 地点状语从句
原因状语从句
常用引导词:because,since,as.(for引导的为并列句)
特球引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that,given that
考点1.because的用法
A.because,不能和so连用(参看P.11考点6)
B.because语气最强，是全句的重心所在
下列情况下只能使用because:
回答why的问句时:在用于强调句型时:被not否定时。
例:-Why are you late -Because there was a traffic jam.
I really enjoy listening to music______it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
A.because B.before C.unless D.until (答案:A)
考点2.表示已经知道的原因时用as或since
即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，有时却相反，例如:
Since we have no money, we can't buy that vase.
As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi.
1. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_____this was a memory she especially treasured.
A.as B.if C.when D.where
2. -Coach,can I continue with the training
----Sorry, you can't_________you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
A.until B.before C.as D.unless
3.-Is Mr. Smith in the office
-Yes.________he is in charge of the office, he must be there.
A.since B.however C.whether D. for
4.Mark needs to learn Chinese___ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless B.until C.although D.since
Key:1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D
考点3.for表原因(此时为并列连词)
A.不是说明直接原因，而是表示从结果加以推断，即倒果为因。
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
(他一定是病了，因为他今天不在这儿。“病”本是原因，“不在这儿”是结果。这里，把“不在这儿”这个结果当作原因，推理出“他一定是生病了”。)
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet,
(昨天夜里一定是下雨了，因为地面很湿。“下雨”本是原因，“地湿”本是结果;在这里从“地湿”这个结果推出“昨天夜里下雨了")
B.because 引导的从句如果放在句末且前面有这号隔开，则可以用for来代替。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
注意:for分句表原因时，不能放在前面。
5.He can't have gone out.________the light is still on.
A. because B.since C.as D. for
6.The gas must have been used up,____the fire went out of itself.
A. because B.as C. for D.since
7.I decided to stop and have lunch,___I was feeling quite hungry.
A.for B. moreover C.consequently D.whereas
8.Unlike watching TV,reading is a highly active process(过程),_______it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.
A.until B.but C.unless D.for
9. _________you are so weak, you'd better stay at home.
A. Since B.For C.Because D.Though
KEY:5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.A
考点4.now that“既然”，实际上是达到一定条件后，下一步做什么事
Now that everyone is here, let's begin our lesson.
Now that you've heard of it, let me tell you the whole story.
10._____ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B.After C. Although D.As soon as
Key: 10.A
考点5.in that
常译作“因为”。也可把in看作介词，从某方面来说。 that可以看作引导宾语从句，位于介词后不能省略
11. We should buy our daughter a computer in_____it can help to improve her English.
A.which B.that C.what D.whom
12.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication_______ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
A.where B. in order that C. in that D.in the way
13.Animals suffered at the hands of Man________they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural to provide food for more people.
A.in which B.for which C.so that D.in that
Key:11.B 12.C 13.D
考点6.because与because of
A. because 是连词，其后接句子;because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等。
如:I didn't buy it because it was too expensive.我没有买是因为它太贵了。
He lost his job because of his laziness.由于懒情他失去了工作。
She was upset because of what he had done.她因为他所做的事而不高兴。
B.because所引导的从句除用作原因状语外，还可用作表语。如:
It is because he loves you.那是因为他爱你。
C而复合介词because of所引导的介词短语通常用作状语 而不用作表语，(参看P.74考点16)如:他因雨缺席。
误:His absence was because of the rain.
正:His absence was due to the rain.
正:He was absent because of the rain
但是有时若主语是代词(不是名词)，也可以用 because of 引出的短语作表语。如:
It is just because of money.那只是因为钱的原因。
That was because of his sickness那是因为他生病的原因。
14. The Italian boy was regarded as a hero___he gave his life for his country.
A. according to B. because of C. on account of D. because
14.D
地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever,anywhere,everywhere
考点7.where 从句表示“在……的地方”、“到……地方”
where本身是表示地点的副词这样的副词都有“在……”，“到……”两个意思。
Please take him where it's safe.(where 有“到……”之意)
It's good for our health to live where the air is fresh.(where有“在……”之意)
15.Will you go_________our motherland needs us most after graduation
A.that B.where C. in which D.to the place which
16._______he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
A.Where B.As C. In case D. Now that
17.Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi________the bus had dropped her.
A. until B.when C.although D.where
18.A number of high buildings have arisen_________there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A.when B. where C.before D.until
KEY:15.B 16.A 17.D 18.B
考点8.wherever从句表示“无论到/在……地方”
19.Many places are flooded by heavy rainfalls, so they can't walk__they like these days.
A.when B.whenever C.where D.wherever
20.________he is, he will be thinking of you.
A.Wherever B.Where C.Now that D.As soon as
KEY: 19.D 2O.A
链接:where 引导地点状语从句时，不能换为介词+关系代词
单句改错
1.August is the best time of the year to visit Beijing, because of there is only a little rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.
2.Because the help you gave me that summer，my life changed.
3.Since you have visited Greece several times，so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings here.
KEY:
1. 去掉because of 中的of
1. Because后加of
1. 去掉so
语法填空(每空至多填三词)
4.The day must be breaking._____the birds have begun singing.
5. Human beings are different from animals in______they can use language as a tool to communicate.
Key:
1. For
1. that
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