(共30张PPT)
Module 1
Deep South
To review all kinds of words and structures used as the subjects.
To learn how the words, structures and forms are used as subjects.
Grammar (1)
Review of subjects
原句感知
① Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.
② They call it Anti Arktikos or Antarctica.
③ 98% of the surface is permanently covered in the ice cap.
④ To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
⑤ Swimming is a good exercise.
⑥ Whether he will come is doubtful.
④ To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
⑤ Swimming is a good exercise.
⑥ Whether he will come is doubtful.
由④⑤⑥句可知,不定式、动名词、从句都可以用作主语。
①~⑥句中的标红部分在句中均作主语。
1. 98% of the surface is permanently covered in the ice cap.
2. Covering about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world.
3. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two.
4. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.
5. Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions.
1. Underline the subject in these sentences.
6. Only two types of flowering plants are found.
7. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales.
8. Protecting Antarctica from nuclear tests and radioactive waste is very important to this continent.
9. What the treaty aims to do is to prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.
2. Work in pairs and answer the questions.
1. How many words did you underline in each sentence
It varies from sentence to sentence.
2. Can a subject be a word or a phrase
Yes, a subject can be a word or a phrase.
3. Can a subject contain a clause
4. What do the structures which can be used as a
subject have in common
Yes, a subject can contain a clause.
They are all forms that act in the same way as a noun.
3. Look at the table. Check the structures that can be used as subjects.
nouns √ numbers
prepositions -ing forms
noun phrases articles
verbs adverbs
infinitives noun clauses
pronouns
√
√
√
√
√
√
4. Work in pairs. Match the structures in the table
with the subjects that you underlined in Activity 1.
Example: Antarctica = nouns
noun phrases: a high mountain range /
two types of flowering
plants / different types of
penguins, flying birds,
seals and whales
infinitives:
pronouns:
numbers:
-ing forms:
noun clauses:
to imagine a more inhospitable place
it
no examples
protecting Antarctica from
nuclear tests and radioactive waste
What the treaty aims to do
5. Check the true statements.
1) The subject of a sentence identifies who or what the
sentence is about. □
2) Structures which can be used as subjects are all forms
that act in the same way as a noun. □
3) The verb gives information about the subject in a
sentence. □
4) The subject agrees in person and number with the verb
in a sentence. □
√
√
√
√
主语是一个句子的主题,一般位于句首。可用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句。
1. 名词用作主语。如:
Video games can be a poor influence if left in the
wrong hands.
2. 代词用作主语。当不定代词用作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
You must be careful with the camera. It costs!
The meeting will be held in September, but nobody knows the date for sure.
3. 数词用作主语。如:
Three is enough.
4. 不定式用作主语。如:
To find your way can be a problem.
5. 动词-ing形式用作主语。谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
Reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
6. it用作形式主语。真正的主语常是不定式或从句。如:
See, your computer has broken down again!
It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of
computer just to save a few dollars.
7. 从句用作主语。谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
How we understand things has a lot to do with what we
feel.
主语的常考点
(1) 不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语。
e.g. It is not easy to grow fruit trees and vegetables here.
在这里,种果树和蔬菜不容易。
[点津]
① 用于句型“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.” 中常见的形容词(用于说明事物的性质)有:easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary等。
e.g. It’s easy for me to do that.
对我来说做那件事很容易。
② 用于句型“It is +adj.+of sb. to do sth.”中常见的形容词(用于说明人的品质)有:kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, silly, selfish等。
e.g. It’s very kind of you to help us.
你帮我们的忙,你真是太好了。
(2) 动词-ing形式作主语时,前面可加代词或名词所有格表示动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
e.g. Jane’s joining the singing team gave
them a surprise.
简加入歌唱队使他们很吃惊。
(3) 某些形容词与the连用,也可作主语。当“the+形容词”指物表示抽象概念用作主语时,谓语常用单数形式;表示一类人用作主语时,谓语常用复数形式。
e.g. The good is not always beautiful.
好的东西并不总是美的。
The young are more active than the old in the work.
做这项工作年轻人比老年人积极。
(4) there be句型中,主语通常放在be之后。
e.g. There is nothing to get excited about.
没有什么值得激动的。
Write new sentences about yourself. Use the structures you checked in Activity 3.
1. Living in London has been an exciting part of my life.
(-ing form)
2. My best friend’s name is Michael. (Noun phrase)
3. He works in a bank. (Pronoun)
4. 1962 was the year when I was born. (Number)
5. To study hard has always been a pleasure for me. (Infinitive)
Underline the subject in each of the following sentences.
1. To overcome the difficulties in the Antarctic area and do
scientific research is possible.
2. It’s really encouraging your joining us on the expedition.
3. Will there be any photography allowed at the research
station
4. Whether we should exploit the Antarctic’s natural resources
is open to discussion.
5. Whoever wants to go to the Antarctic must be physically
strong.
Read the sentences. The underlined parts are answers to questions. Write the questions.
Example: 98% of the surface is covered permanently in
the ice cap.
How much of the surface is covered
permanently in the ice cap
1. In 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink
became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.
Who became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland in 1895
2. The place where Carstens Borchgrevink first set foot is
now being studied by scientists from many countries.
What is now being studied by scientists from many countries
3. Protecting Antarctica from nuclear tests and
radioactive waste is very important to this continent.
What is very important to this continent
4. It is inspiring to the international community that
countries representing 80% of the world’s population
have signed the treaty.
What is inspiring to the international community
圈出下面句子中的主语。
1. To find your way can be a problem.
2. It hasn’t been fixed when the English party will be held.
3. “Practice makes perfect” is my favorite English saying.
4. Reading is the fundamental skill upon which school
education depends.
5. Lily as well as Helen has worked in this company for more
than 10 years.
Write new sentences about yourself. Use the structures of subjects that you learned.