人教版（2019）必修第二册：Unit 4 History and Traditions语言点及长难句课件（39张）

(共39张PPT)
Language points
unit 4 reading and thinking
重点单词
kingdom /'['k d m]/ n._________
王国
王国;领地
They said they would only let us through if we hired the chief and his brother as guides.
他们说，只有我们雇用部族酋长和他的兄弟作为向导，才允许我们通过此地。
She had to keep bringing forth new ideas in her dance to support her chief position in
the troupe. 她得不断地创新她的舞蹈，才能继续保住她在剧团中的首席位置。
His chief joy centred in studying foreign language. 他的主要乐趣集中在学习外语上。
词根词缀：king(国王)+-dom(统治)：国王统治的地方——
chief [t i f]n.__________________adj._____________【pl:_____】
词源:cap(头,帽子)—>chief：当头的——___________(c—>ch, a—>ie, p—>f）
音意相通：欺负 助记：当首领的不能欺负下属。
首领;酋长;主要部分
首席的;主要的
chiefs
首领;首要的
词根词缀：puzz-(put摆放)+-le(反复)：反复摆在你的面前——
puzzle ['p z( )l]vt.______ vi. _____________n.____________
谜,难题;使困惑
使困惑
Everyone was a bit _______ by her sudden departure.
她突然离开，大家都感到有点莫名其妙。
Their reason for doing it is still a ______ to me.
他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。
To explain the ________ findings, he offers two theories.
为了解释这些令人困惑的发现，他提出了两种理论。
I am _______that I haven’t heard from Liz for so long.
我很奇怪这么长时间没有收到莉斯的信了。
She listened with a _______ expression on her face.她脸上带着困惑的表情听着。
No one has yet succeeded in explaining the ______ of how life began.
至今还没有人能成功地解释生命是如何开始的这个谜。
__________________________对某事感到困惑
be puzzled about/over/by sth.
迷惑;冥思苦想
谜;难题;迷惑
puzzled
puzzle
puzzling
puzzled
puzzled
puzzle
There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.
(2017浙江) 附近没有骆驼。本杰明决定用猫毛代替。
Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby.(2016全国II)
一些同学建议我们应该去附近的名胜古迹。
My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. (2018浙江)
我和爸爸在农舍的客房里过夜，听着附近河里的青蛙和流水声。
nearby ['n ba ]adj._____________adv. _______prep._________
附近的,邻近的
在附近
在…附近
join ... to/with ... _____________________
把……和……连接起来
指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意。常用结构join ...to, join up。若非直接连接，则可与connect换用。
指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connect ...with/to。
着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine ...with。
强调紧密地结合成一个整体体，含难以分开之意，常用结构unite ...with。
join
connect
combine
unite
Please _____ this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。
The island is _______________ to the mainland by a bridge.这座岛由一座桥与大陆相连。
The two parties have _________ to form a new government. 两党联合组成了新政府。
_________Chinese traditional medicine with western medicine. 将中西医结合。
This flight ________ with a New York one.这班飞机可接上纽约的另一趟航班。
The fight against terrorism seemed to ______ the nation.
与恐怖主义的斗争似乎把全国人民团结了起来.
join
joined/connected
combined
Combine
connects
unite
break away (from sb/sth) ______________
脱离;逃脱;摆脱
The thief broke away from the policeman.小偷从警察那里_____了。
He broke away from all his old friends.他同所有的老朋友_____了往来。
You must break away from such habits.你必须_____那些习惯。
Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists,who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些_____传统绘画风格的画家中，有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。
The southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.
爱尔兰南部不愿意，并_____联邦，成立了自己的政府。
逃脱
断绝
摆脱
脱离
脱离
损坏, 出故障
崩溃, 垮掉
分解, 分类
打碎
破裂
分解
驱散
放假
折断
终止; 中断
闯入
插话
闯入
爆发
迸发, 爆发
突破; 突围
脱离; 摆脱
The students feel that they _________a particular group.(2019浙江)
学生们觉得他们属于一个特定的群体。
The future _________ those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
未来属于那些相信梦想之美好的人。
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of ____________, a bond with others.(2018全国II)
邓恩认为，向陌生人伸出援手的人会感到一种强烈的归属感，一种与他人的联系。
Lockers are available to store any __________ during your visit.(2017全国I)
在您参观期间，可以用储物柜存放任何物品。
belong [b 'l ]vi. ____________
_________ 属于
___________[b 'l ]n. 所有物；财产；归属
属于; 应归入
belong to
belong to
belongs to
belonging
belongings
belonging
as well ____
as well as ___________________________
as good as ___________________________________
也
和, 以及; 同……一样好(副词)
几乎和……一样; 同……一样好(形容词)
The classroom is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks, and mistakes _______.(2018全国III) 教室是一个学习的地方，也包括从课本和错误中学习。Now when people refer to England, they can find Wales included _______.现在，当人们提到英格兰时，他们会发现威尔士也被包括在内。
But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to improve that she has brains _________ beauty.(2017全国III)
但曾和名模们一起参加过各种节目的莎拉，希望自己智慧与美貌并重。Amy, _________ her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019天津) 艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。She cooks _________ her mother.她做饭做得和她妈妈一样好。
as well
as well
as well as
as well as
as well as
I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just _________, if not better than, my competitors.(2016北京) 我想证明，我可以不上大学，自学一门受人尊敬的专业，就算不比竞争对手强，至少也和他们一样优秀。
I washed those old curtains and now they look _________ new.
我洗过了这些旧窗帘，现在它们看上去几乎和新的一样。
A miss is __________ a mile. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。
as good as
as good as
as good as
currency ['k r( )ns ]n. __________
current ['k r( )nt]adj. _______________currently ['k r ntl ]adv. __________
货币; 通货
货币
词根词缀：curr-(跑/流通)+-ency(名词后缀)：流通的东西——
现行的; 流通的
当前, 目前
The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the ________ of power in the new century.(2018浙江) 设计、建造和出口绿色技术以生产清洁的水、清洁的空气和健康丰富的食物的能力将成为新世纪的权力货币。
currency
One of the problems she had was getting used to the foreign _________.
她的问题之一是如何适应外币。
These developments are likely to make our ________ problems with robocalls(自动电话) much worse.(2019北京) 这些发展可能会使我们目前的自动电话问题变得更糟。
Some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain ________ levels.(2018天津)
一些分析人士估计，粮食产量需要提高50%才能维持目前的水平。
If ________ trends don't bend, Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.(2017江苏)
如果目前的趋势不改变，到2050年，俄罗斯的人口将和也门差不多。
The model projects that _________ blue areas with little phytoplankton(浮游植物) could become even bluer.(2019北京)
该模型预测，目前浮游植物稀少的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。
_________, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them.(2018天津) 目前，大多数成分必须变成糊状，然后打印机才能使用它们。
currency
current
current
current
currently
Currently
跑
发生
事件;发生
流通的; 现行的
流通;货币
目前,当前
总课程
发生
复发;回归
复发的;周期的
复发;反复
招致;带来;遭受
入侵;侵犯
远足;短途旅行
先驱;先知;预兆
草率的;匆忙的
路程;过程;课程;主菜
military ['m l t( )r ]adj. _____________
军事的;军用的
词根词缀：mil-(mile英里)+-it-(走)+-ary(形容词后缀)：走到远方去参军——军事的
_______________ 军训
military training
Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure.
(2019浙江) 和许多军功章一样，扎克的母亲发现的那枚也是家族的珍宝。
It was on the Chang’an Street that the military parade was held. 阅兵是在长安街举行的。
词源：military来自mile（一千罗马步），强调“行军”的内涵。一罗马步指的是古罗马士兵在行军时左右脚各移动一次的距离，相当于实际上的两步。所以一英里（mile）原本指的就是一千罗马步的距离（大约等于 1.48 公里）。1592 年，英国女王伊丽莎白一世颁布法令，规定一英里等于 1760 码（yard），大约 1.6 公里。
defence [d 'fens]n. ______________
_____________为了保卫……；为……辩护
_______ [d 'fend]vt. 保卫；为……辩护vi. 防卫；防御
______________________ 保卫A不受B的伤害
防御;保卫;辩护
defend
in defence of
This fort was once the main ________of the island.
这座堡垒曾经是这个岛上主要的防御设施。
The forest will act as a defence ____________ desert dust.
森林能起到防御沙漠尘土的作用。
The _______ of the accused was rather weak. 被告人的辩护软弱无力。
They responded at once and rose as one man ____________ their motherland.
他们立即响应，团结得像一个人，起来保卫祖国。
The wall was built _________ the road from being washed away by the sea.
建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。
Electricity is used for light, heating, power, and _________the ship____________attacks.
电被用来照明、取暖和作动力，也用来保卫船只免受攻击。
defend A from/against B
defence
against/from
defence
in defence of
to defend
to defend
against/from
打击/防御
篱笆;围墙
保卫,防御
击剑
骑墙派
保卫;辩护
防御; 辩护
被告
冒犯, 得罪; 触怒
冒犯;得罪;罪行
冒犯的;不礼貌的
法律
非法的
法律
合法的;法律的
非法的
立法
法律的;合法的
不法之徒
律师
立法
legal ['li g( )l]adj. ___________________
法律的;合法的;法定的
For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.
(2019浙江) 出于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止转送厨余食物的政策。
It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.(2017天津)
它将把无人驾驶汽车置于与人类司机同等的法律地位。
surround [s 'ra nd]vt. __________
_________________被……所包围，被……所围绕____________ [s 'ra nd ]adj. 周围的，周边的_____________ [s 'ra nd z]n. 环境；周围的事物【pl】
词根词缀:sur-(强调)+round(在周围)：在……周围——__________
围绕; 包围
围绕; 包围
be surrounded by
surrounding
surroundings
_________ yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are.(2016浙江)
让你周围都是积极向上的人，他们会挑战你变得更好，同时也会爱你本来的样子。
We are __________ by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.(2019江苏)
我们周围有一个天然的操场，非常适合散步、洞穴探险、爬山和骑自行车。
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, ___________by his family. (2019江苏)
史蒂夫来了，坐在第一排，周围都是他的家人。
Now we live in a world ___________by the "can’t do" attitudes. (2018天津)
现在我们生活在一个被“做不到”的态度包围的世界。
Surround
surrounded
surrounded
surrounded
That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the ____________air or water.(2015北京)这意味着一个透明的物体看起来与周围的空气或水没有太大的不同。
Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the _____________ community. (2011北京)
铁路和公路的真正意义不在于它们对风景的直接影响，而在于它们对周围社区的影响。
Why do the hikers take no notice of the ____________ during the journey (2018天津)
为什么徒步旅行者在旅途中没有注意周围的环境
Determining where we are in relation to our ____________ remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏) 确定我们与周围环境的关系仍然是我们生存的基本技能。
surrounding
surrounding
surroundings
surroundings
圆
圆
圆形的
在…周围
迂回地
往返旅行;环程旅行
迂回的,绕道的
在周围
大约;到处;在附近
围绕;包围
周围的,周边的
环境;周围的事物
21.evident ['ev d( )nt]adj. _____________
evidence ['ev d( )ns]n. _________
Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was ______ even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.(2019浙江)
Mclntyre和他的同事们记录了一种大范围的大树死亡，这种现象甚至在禁止伐木或开发的野生丛林中也很明显。
This view is especially _______on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.(2019全国I)这种景象在乞力马扎罗山上尤为明显，因为登山者在几公里的空间内穿过五个生态系统。
There is _________ that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019全国I) 有证据表明，它们的活动范围横跨北极，南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。
That is only _________that traditions once existed.(2018全国II) 这只是传统曾经存在过的证据。
Now we have the most direct ________yet that he is right.(2017北京)
现在我们有最直接的证据证明他是对的。
证据;证明
明显的;显然的
词根词缀：e-(外)+vid-+-ent(形容词后缀)：从外面就能看出来的——
evident
明显的;显然的
evident
evidence
evidence
evidence
看
看,看待
景象
预习
复习;评论
采访;面试
游客;访客
视觉的;可见的
可见的
看不见的
视力; 幻像
明显的
明显地
修订; 复习
修订; 复习
明显的
证据
提供
供应
先前的,前面的
视频, 录像
参观, 拜访
achieve [ 't i v]vt. ______________
达到;取得;实现
词根词缀：a-(去，到)+chiev-(chief头)+e：走到头——达到
____________[ 't i vm( )nt]n. 成就；完成
achievement
We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard __________ a goal.(2019浙江) 我们尤其应该认可孩子们推动自己，努力工作以达到目标所付出的努力。
We can ________ meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我).(2019天津) 只有当我们献身于比我们自己更大的目标时，我们才能获得意义。
The only way ___________ the impossible is to believe that it is possible. (Alice in Wonderland)
实现“不可能”的唯一办法就是相信它是可能的。《爱丽丝漫游奇境》
Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ___________. (2016全国II)
先处理最重要的任务，这样你才会有真正的成就感。
Picking up her “Lifetime _____________” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019全国II) 自豪的艾琳在领取“终身成就奖”时宣布，她没有退休的打算。
The father of success is work, and the mother of ___________ is ambition.
勤奋乃成功之父，志向乃成功之母。
to achieve
achieve
to achieve
achievement
Achievement
Achievement
locate [l ( )'ke t]vt. ___________________
______________位于，座落于
________[l ( )'ke ( )n]n. 位置；地点
定位;确定……的位置
be located at/in
location
Whenever you move to a new area, you should _____ the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. (2018天津)
当你搬到一个新的地方，你应该找到消防警报拉站与最接近你房间的两个出口。
_________ where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017江苏) 江苏地处“一带一路”的交汇处，将为“一带一路”建设作出更大贡献。
His office ___________the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.(2018全国III) 他的办公室位于浙江杭州大学象山校区。
The store ________ upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.(2017全国I)
商店位于3号楼的楼上，就在激光穹顶的旁边。
When the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the _______ was considered a poor area of town.(2018江苏) 当毕晓普艺术剧院被捐给我们镇时，这个地方被认为是镇上的贫困地区。
locate
Located
is located at
is located
location
放置/位置
地方的,当地的
地方主义
使地方化
定位;确定…的位置
位置
be located at/in
分配,拨出;使坐落于
分配,配置;安置
The scientist ______ the _____ ________ _________ to him.
科学家定位出了当地分配给他的位置。
located
local
location
allocated
conquer ['k k ]vt._________vi.________
战胜,征服
胜利,得胜
词根词缀：con-(全部)+-quer(寻求)：全部寻求到了——征服; 得胜
__________ [ k k r (r)]n.征服者，胜利者________['k kwest]n. 征服;得胜;战利品
conquest
Energy and persistence ________all things.(Benjamin Franklin)
精力加毅力可以征服一切。——本杰明·富兰克林
Dangers will arise in any career, but presence of mind will often _______ the worst of them. 凡事都有危险，但镇定沉着往往能克服最严重的危险。
In 1066 William the___________, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and __________ England. 1066年，诺曼底(现法国的一部分)公爵威廉率兵征服了英国。
The chase is always much more exciting than the ________ anyway.
不管怎么说，追求的过程总比得手更为刺激。
The French empire had expanded largely through military _________.
法兰西帝国的扩张主要靠军事征服。
conquer
conquer
conquered
conqueror
Conqueror
conquest
conquest
寻求, 探求
问题, 疑问
问卷, 调查表
获得, 取得; 学到
要求; 请求
寻求
询问
获得物,获得;收购
战胜; 征服; 攻克
征服, 战胜;战利品
询问;探究
询问;探究
需要; 要求
要求; 必要条件
battle ['b t( )l]n.vi. & vt.______________
词根词缀：bat-(打)+-tle(名词后缀,表反复)：反复打——战斗;搏斗
战斗;搏斗;奋斗
There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.(2019全国II) 从一开始尼克和艾米就在为你的信任而战，紧张和焦虑贯穿始终。
After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil.(2019全国II) 在一场严重的流感疫情席卷全球99.4%的人口之后，一场正义与邪恶之间的战争拉开了帷幕
When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself.(2018北京)
当我30多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是一场与自己的战斗。
打
球棒;球拍;蝙蝠
击球
战斗;搏斗
打;敲打;打败
破旧的
辩论
投标,竞价
战斗,搏斗
殴打;炮击;电池
羽毛球
心跳
节奏,节拍
beat
beaten
port [p t]n.__________
import [ m'p :t; ' m-]n. &vt. vi. __________
export [ k'sp t; 'ek-]n. &vt.vi.___________________
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby ____ or river. (2018全国III) 城市的存在的位置通常有很好的理由，比如附近有港口或河流。
When I reached the ____, the workers were loading the rice onto the ship.
当我到达港口时，工人们正在把大米装船。
One solution is obviously to ______ foreign workers via immigration. (2017江苏)
一个解决办法显然是通过移民来引进外国工人。
The _______of meat from aboard is held up for the epidemic situation.
由于疫情，从国外进口的肉类中断了。
The ability to design, build and ______ green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.(2018浙江)设计、建造和出口绿色技术以生产清洁的水、清洁的空气和健康丰富的食物的能力将成为新世纪的权力货币。
America will increase its food ______.(2012江苏) 美国将增加食品出口。
港口, 口岸
输入,进口
输出,出口;出口商品
port
port
import
import
export
export
搬运
港口,口岸
出口
进口
重要的
重要性
护照
报告
支持
运输
便携的
驱逐
搬运工
运输; 交通系统
fascinate ['f s ne t]vt.______________________
_________ ['f s ne t ]adj. 迷人的;吸引人的;令人神魂颠倒的
迷住,使着迷,使神魂颠倒
词根词缀：fasc-(抓住)+-in(内)+-ate(动词后缀)：从内心抓住你——迷住,使着迷
fascinating
The place continues to ________ visitors, cloaked in its mystery.
这个地方笼罩在神秘气氛下,继续使游览者着迷.
The children are __________by the toys in the shop window.
孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了
I still find this story both __________ and unbelievable.
我仍觉得这个故事既神奇又不太可信。
What it will be called in future, and what it will do, remain __________ questions.
未来我们会把它叫做什么，会用它来干什么，依然是让人着迷的问题。
fascinate
fascinated
fascinating
fascinating
抓住/迷住
固定;扣紧;抓牢
快速的;紧的;
稳固的
迅速地;紧紧地;
彻底地
使着迷,
使神魂颠倒
迷人的;吸引人的;
令人神魂颠倒的
魅力;魔力;入迷
时髦,时尚
时髦的,时尚的
keep an eye on___________________
keep your eyes open（for）_________
留心;留意
照看;留意;密切关注
You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the UK enjoyable and worthwhile. 如果你要使你的英国之旅愉快而有意义，你必须时刻留意。
Keep your eyes open and be willing to change, but have faith in yourself, too.
时刻留心，愿意改变，但同时也要对自己有信心。
If that sounds like good news, keep your eyes open for your chance for change.
如果那听起来像好消息，那么要留心这个为你带来改变的机会。
In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.(2018浙江)
一般来说，当他们离开的时候，要照看好他们的财产。
Could you please keep an eye on my luggage 你能帮我照看下行李吗？
You must keep an eye on your young children when you are in a crowded street.
当你在拥挤的街道上时，你必须照看好你的小孩。
重点句型
动名词短语做主语，谓语动词常用_________。
单数
仿写：
①眼见为实。
_________ is believing.
②在阳光下看书对我们的眼睛有害。
_____________________ is bad for our eyes.
③学习哲学将为我们的生活打开另一扇窗。
_____________________________ another window to our lives.
Seeing
Reading in the sun
Studying philosophy will open
1. Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
表使役的动词：have, make, get等。
have /get/make + n. /pron. + p.p “使某事被做”
1. Speak a little louder to make yourself ________ by us all. (hear)
2. We should work harder to get the work ___________(recognize).
3. They are going to ______________________ (种些树)
Attention: have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中具有以下含义：
1. 主语“请别人做某事”
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）
2. “遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”
Be careful, or you'll have your purse stolen.
heard
recognized
have some trees planted
2.They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
with 复合结构
（1）with +n/pron+v-ing: 表示主动或正在进行的动作。
With summer coming near, it's time to buy cool clothes.
（2）with +n/pron+v.-ed: 表示被动或已经完成的动作。
① All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
（3）with +n/pron+ to do: 表示将要发生的动作。
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
3.The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
(5). with + n./pron+ + adj 这里的形容词常表示状态。
(6). with + n./pron+ adv. 副词常表示情况或状态。
①With John away, we've got more room.
②One family lived in a house with tall trees all round.
He was shocked with his eyes wide open.
（4）with +n/pron+ prep . phrase 表示状态或说明情况。
①His wife came down the stairs, with her 2-year-old son in her arm.
②The boy is smiling with a book and a pencil in his hand.
___________________________, he had to come to school with the help of his classmates.
With his leg broken
The boy is smiling _______________________________________.
看图说话
with a book and a pencil in his hand
The baby fell asleep __________________.
with the light burning/on
The man is sleeping ___________________________
with the window open.