2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题（13份）

2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选专题强化训练资料（八）
单项选择
21. Generally speaking, _______ graduate from ________ famous university is more likely to find a job.
A. a ; a
B. / ; the
C. the ; a
D. the ; the
22. The teacher raised his voice , but still couldn’t make himslf _________.
A. heard
B. hearing
C. to be heard
D. hear
23. He is familiar _____ this place, because he used to live in the apartment.
A. for
B. with
C. of
D. to
24. In winter the small town is often __________ from the rest of the world.
A. cut up
B. cut down
C.cut off
D. cut in
25. I rushed home in a hurry only _________ that nobody was in.
A. to find
B. finding 21世纪教育网
C. found
D.having found
26. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?
A. has done
B. had done
C. would do
D. will do
27. The young mother walked off, leaving the little boy ___________ in the room.
A. cry
B. crying
C. cried
D. to cry
28. The _________ on his face was kind of strange, when I told him the news.
A. appearance
B. looking
C. expression
D. description
29. Holmes walked swiftly into the garden , ______________ by Doctor Watson.
A. following
B. followed
C. was followed
D. to be followed
30. he has been working so hard . __________ he could answer such a difficult question.
A. No wander
B. No wonder
C. why
D. because
31. There are countless ________ leaves as if they were a red blanket_______ the ground.
A. fallen; covering
B. falling; covered
C. fallen; covered
D. falling ; covering
32. I’ll go to fight in the battle __________ you go or not .
A. no matter
B. whether
C. even though
D. if
33. I still remember_________to the Famen Temple by my uncle when I was five .
A. to take
B. to be taken
C. taking
D. being taken
34. He has five___________ , and they are all doctors working in the same hospital .
A.sons- in-laws
B. son-in-laws
C. sons-in-law
D. son in laws
35. I was reading attentively in my own room ________ suddenly he knocked at the door.
A.when
B. while[来源:21世纪教育网]
C.then
D. as
完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
A young British woman had shortly arrived in Hong Kong and had not yet 36 anything about the Chinese 37 . One day she went to the home of a Chinese friend and was 38 given a cup of Chinese tea. She was not 39 and she also found this type of tea rather 40 . However, since she had been given the tea , she felt she should drink it. Hoping to finish it 41 so that she would not feel about having to drink this tea which she did not 42 , she started to drink as much of it as she could. But as soon as her cup became half - full, the host 43 giving her more. Several times she told the host that she had had 44 , but it seemed to have no 45 . Her cup kept being 46 , and she kept on drinking. During the time of her 47 , she drank about twelve cups of tea. Later she found out that she should have just 48 the tea, and that this would have meant that she had had enough. Influenced by her 49 culture, she felt it too 50 to leave the tea and could not understand why the host took no notice of her protests(抗议) that she had had enough!
36. A. got
B. learned
C. taught
D. remembered
37. A. culture
B. language
C. food
D. habit
38. A. hardly
B. certainly
C. carefully
D. immediately
39. A. tired
B. happy
C. thirsty
D. interested
40. A. bitter
B. sweet
C. nice
D. cold
41. A. in time
B. slowly
C. gradually
D. quickly
42. A. take
B. have
C. like
D. buy
43. A. practised
B. insisted on
C. stopped
D. tried
44. A. some
B. enough
C. all
D. a little
45. A. value
B. end
C. effect
D. importance
46. A. filled[21世纪教育网
B. moved
C. changed
D. emptied
47. A. talk
B. visit
C. party
D. investigation21世纪教育网
48. A. left
B. drunk
C. absorbed
D. filled21世纪教育网
49. A. modern
B. ancient
C. Western
D. Eastern
50. A. impolite
B. polite
C. easy
D. uneasy
第三部分 阅读理解
第一节：（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）
A
Jean Driscoll can go faster in her wheelchair than the world’s best marathoners(马拉松运动员) can run!
In April, Jean finished the Boston Marathon in 1 hour 34 minutes 22 seconds. That’s about 33 minutes faster than the winning male runner! She competed on the track, too. She was second in the 800 meter wheelchair race at the 1992 Olympics.
Jean doesn’t like to be told she’s brave. “I’m in sports because I’m a competitive person!” Jean was born with spina befida(脊柱裂), a birth illness that damages the spine（脊椎）. She began to use a wheelchair to get around in high school. Then she tried wheelchair race and was amazed.” Players crashed into each other and fell out of their chairs,” she says, “It was fun.”
Jean tried other wheelchair sports. At the University of Illinois, her wheelchair basketball team won two national titles.
Now Jean coaches and teaches. She tries to get people to set goals. “When I sign my autograph（亲笔签名）,says Jean, “I write, dream big and work hard.”
51．What made Jean take part in sports?
A．She was brave.
B．She was competitive.
C．She was strong.
D．She was disabled.
52．What kind of education did she receive?
A．High school.
B．Junior middle school.
C．High education.
D．Primary school.21世纪教育网
53．What is Jean’s advice on how to succeed?
A．Work hard. B．Hope for the best.
C．Dream a lot. D．Have great wishes and work hard.
B
From the earliest times，man has been interested in art．People have often worked together to collect and save the world's art treasures． Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in Paris，France．The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries． The Louvre has not always been a museum．The first building was a fort（炮台）．In 1190，it was the king's castle with high walls and a round tower．It had a moat to prevent his enemies from walking in ． Over the years，the number of buildings around the castle grew．By 1350，the castle was no longer needed as a fort．The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens． During times of peace，new treasures were brought in．During days of war，many treasures were stolen，and the buildings were damaged． When Francis I became king of France in 1515，he brought in artists from many countries．One of the artists was Leonardo da Vinci from Italy．Da Vinci's"Mona Lisa"is the best known painting in the museum today． In 1793，the Louvre became a public museum，just as it is now．It is a place where art treasures have been saved for everyone to enjoy． 54． On the whole，this passage is mainly about____． ?A．an art museum called the Louvre ?B．an Italian artist named Leonardo da Vinci ?C．a king of France named Francis I ?D．the best known painting in Louvre 55．Why is it good for great art to be kept in public museums？ ?A．It helps people remember who the King of France is． ?B．It keeps people out of the palaces． ?C．It gives everyone a chance to enjoy good art． ?D．It helps people to know who is the greatest artist． 56．From the passage we know that _____． ?A．it is not possible for treasures to be stolen ?B．old forts always make the best museums ?C．great art should be shared with all the people ?D．king Francis I of France brought in artists from an old fort
57．In the third paragraph the word"moat"probably means_____． ?A．a high tower built in former times where soldiers watched out for enemies ?B．a long and deep ditch（沟） dug round a castle and was usually filled with water ?C．a cart pulled by horses on which soldiers fought ?D．a long and high wall around castle
C
In 2004，the World Health Organization，WHO，warned of a possible outbreak of another serious disease which may be even more deadly than SARS．The WHO believes that it is likely that bird flu will spread to human beings in the next few years．If it does，up to seven millions people could die from the disease．
Diseases like bird flu are caused by viruses，that is，tiny things which change and become more dangerous over time．When a new type of a common virus changes，it may be able to get past the body’s immune(免疫的)system．If that happens，humans are in great danger until a cure or treatment becomes available．21世纪教育网
There have always been viruses and people always get sick，of course，but as we saw with SARS，the situation is more difficult today．People travel more than ever before，which means that disease can spread quickly and across large areas——in fact the whole world．
Scientists are already working on drugs that will prevent or limit the effect of a new virus，but the process takes time．It is just as important to make sure that countries，especially poor countries，are prepared to deal with the disease. New disease usually affect poor areas the most，so we must help develop health care in all countries．
58．The situation is more serious today because ．
A．people travel more B．people don’t eat healthy food
C．there aren’t enough hospitals D．scientists can’t find a cure21世纪教育网
59．From this passage we know ．
A．bird flu will surely spread to human beings in the next few years．
B．a virus changes and become less dangerous over time．21世纪教育网
C．SARS is 1ikely to come again in some years．
D．poor areas usually suffers more from new diseases than rich areas．
60．The possible title of this passage is
A．The Work of WHO
B．Scientists Are Working Hard on Drugs for Diseases
C．What Is a Virus
D．Virus Changes and Causes New Diseases Over Time
D
Beagy Zielinski is a German-born 28-year-old stylist who moved to New York to study fashion in 1995 and stayed．Just before Christmas, she broke up with her blue-collar boyfriend, who repaired Navy ships．“He was extremely insecure about my career and how successful I am," Zielinski said．
She and countless women like her are victims of a role reversal（逆转）that is profoundly affecting the
pool of potential marriage partners．Men now are increasingly likely to marry wives with more education and income than they have, and the reverse is true for women．"In recent decades, with the rise of well-paid
working wives, the economic gains of marriage have been a greater benefit for men．
The analysis examines Americans 30 t0 44 years old, the first generation in which more women than men have college degrees．Women's earnings have been increasing faster than that of men's since the 1970s．
The education and income gap has grown even more in the latest recession（经济衰退），when men held about three in four of /the jobs that were lost． "I'm not married,1 would like to be married, and my friends are all in a similar situation," said Dr Rajalla Prewitt, a 38-year-old psychiatrist in New Jersey．"We're having difficulty finding someone where there a meeting of the minds, where we can have the same goals and values．" "Particularly, African-American men who are educated want a traditional home where they are, the breadwinner," said Prewitt, who is a black woman．
educated want a traditional home where they are
In 2007, the Pew report found, median household incomes of marred men, married women and unmarried women were all about 60 per cent higher than in l970．But among unmarried men, median
household income rose by only 16 per cent．These days, men who marry typically gain another breadwinner．
College-educated wives are less likely to have a husband who is college-educated and in the highest income bracket than they were in 1970, and married women are less likely to have a husband who works．Among all married couples, wives contribute a growing share of the household income, and a rising share of those couples include a wife who earns more than her husband．While marriage rates have declined overall, women with college degrees are still more likely to marry today than less educated women．
61．Beagy Zielinski broke up with her boyfriend because ．
A．she was more successful than him in her career
B．she couldn't bear with his laziness any more
C．he was looked down upon by her as well as others
D．her success brought him certain mental disturbances
62．Which of the following is NOT true of American marriage?21世纪教育网
A．Women tend to marry men with less education and income．[来源:21世纪教育网]
B．Men tend to have more economic gains of their marriages．
C．Women's income has been rising faster than men for about 40 years．
D．Men used to gain greater benefits in terms of mental health than today．
63． Dr． Prewitt’s attitude towards her marriage is ．
A．pessimistic B．optimistic
C．passionate D．unconcerned
64．It can be inferred from the passage that____．
A．college-educated men preferred to marry less educated women
B．college-educated women used to marry only college-educated men
C．college-educated women were more likely to marry than the less educated
D．college-educated men were more likely to marry college-educated women
65．What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explain why American educated women are less likely to marry．
B．To point out the American women's tendency to marry less educated men．
C．To argue about the differences of American marriage of the past and today．
D．To throw light on why American college-educated women choose less e
第二节：（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Speaking in public is most people’s least favorite thing. The reason is that we are all afraid of making fool of ourselves. 66 .
But stop biting your finger-nails. Public speaking is easy. It’s just plain talking, and you talk all the time. Although I’m basically shy (honest!). I’ve been making speeches and talking on radio and television for more than 30 years. And I can tell you that public speaking is not a “gift” like musical talent , so 67 .Here are some of the lessons I have learned:
Your audience is going to go away with one or two of your main ideas．One or two．Not ten or twenty． 68 ．And if you don't have a clear idea of what you want to say, there's no way your audience will． 69 —how you are going to open, what major points you want to make and how you're going to close．
When I do a radio or TV piece, I often write the last sentence first． 70 ．A strong close is critical; the last thing you say is what your audience will most likely remember．
The standard length of a audio-visual act is usually 12 minutes．If all those performers singing and dancing their hearts out couldn't go on longer without boring the audience, what makes you think you can?
A. Some people are born to be good at making speech
B. Anybody who can talk can speak in public
C. Try to relax yourself before making the speech
D. The more important the speech is, the more frightened we become
E. If you can't express in a sentence or two what you intend to get across, then your speech
is not focused well enough.
F. When you know where you're heading, you can choose any route to get there[来源:21世纪教育网]
G. No matter how long or short your speech is, you've got to get your ideas organized.
第二节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
One day I had happened to find a chatting room in my QQ, there people were chatting
in English . I tried to chat with any of them . To my surprise , I found the oral English
of some junior students were better than me. I asked them for advice but they told me
practise on QQ. So every day after that I would spend one hour practise my oral
English on QQ. Day by day I learned many useful words and expressions. With time
21世纪教育网
went by, I found that I could even communicate with some college students free.
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4621世纪教育网
47
48
49
50
B[来源:21世纪教育网]
A
D
C21世纪教育网
A21世纪教育网[来源:21世纪教育网]
D
C
B
B
C
A
B
A
C
A
第三部分 阅读理解 （25分）
第一节：（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58[来源:21世纪教育网]
59
60
B
C
D
A
C
C
B
A
D
D 61-65DDACB
66-70DBEGF
One day I had happened to find a chatting room in my QQ, there people were chatting in
English . I tried to chat with any of them . To my surprise , I found the oral English of some
junior students were better than me. I asked them for advice but they told me practise
more on QQ. So every day after that I would spend one hour practise my oral English on QQ.
Day by day I learned many useful words and expressions. With time went by, I found that I
could even communicate with some college students free.
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选专题强化训练资料（六）
完型：
When I was little, my family used to move frequently. Before I could even get 36 with my schoolmates, my family was on the move again. I became very 37 because of this.
But a girl with dark skin and long shiny hair 38 me. Her best characteristics are her openness and 39 . She is always smiling, like a beautiful sunflower following the sun. Without 40 I enjoyed being with her and soon we became good friends. As time went by, I gradually became a 41 girl. But this joyful period didn’t last long. We were admitted to different colleges. I felt like I had gone 42 to my always-on-the-move childhood. I felt 43 and helpless and I was afraid that I would 44 her as my best friend. She stayed calm and said to me: “Rain, you can achieve more than I do, so 45 to your dreams and make a big effort! Real friendship doesn’t fade and we will be best friends forever.” Maybe she didn’t realize what a great 46 she was to me at that time.21世纪教育网21世纪教育网
However, it turned out that my 47 were well-founded. I felt that the 48 between us was getting bigger and bigger. One day, she sent me a text message happily telling me that she had fallen in love with a handsome boy in her class.21世纪教育网
I felt happy for her, but at the same time I was secretly worried about our friendship. I 49 her several times intending to tell her to think carefully about her 50 with the boy, but I got no more messages from her. I felt sad that perhaps our friendship would not 51 . I had almost given up hope 52 she visited me at my campus a week later. She looked 53 but was wearing the most beautiful smile. She gave me a big hug and said: “I’m sorry. I want to be myself and your friend forever!” We cried together, 54 the people walking past. She told me her sad story, and we knew we had gone back to how it was before.
Now I firmly believe that distance and time can’t 55 you from a friend. If you care enough about each other, friendship never fades.
36. A. mad B. bored C. familiar D. patient[来源:21世纪教育网]
37. A. silent B. disappointed C. outspoken D. crazy
38. A. helped B. changed C. attracted D. impressed21世纪教育网
39. A. faithfulness B. cheerfulness C. quietness D. kindness21世纪教育网
40. A. delay B. hesitation C. problem D. doubt
41. A. happy B. lucky C. helpful D. successful21世纪教育网
42. A. over B. down C. out D. back[来源:21世纪教育网]
43. A. scared B. strange C. ashamed D. homesick[来源:21世纪教育网]
44. A. leave B. miss C. lose D. desert
45. A. look forward B. hold on C. get down D. go back[来源:21世纪教育网]
46. A. burden B. example C. encouragement D. wonder
47. A. conclusions B. expectations C. dreams D. concerns
48. A. difference B. distance C. misunderstanding D. conflict
49. A. visited B. messaged C. telephoned D. wrote
50. A. relationship B. satisfaction C. life D. story21世纪教育网
51. A. return B. develop C. survive D. recover[来源:21世纪教育网]
52. A. until B. when C. as D. unless
53. A. cheerful B. relaxed C. calm D. pale
54. A. forgetting B. noticing C. ignoring D. remembering
55. A. protect B. prevent C. free D. separate
单选：
1. _____ recent success of children's books has made ______ general public aware that there's a huge market out there.
A. A; the B. The; the C. The; a D. A; A
2. Smiling can not only make us happy, but also _________ others.
A. please B. comfort C. calm D. encourage21世纪教育网
3. Child expert are now learning that too much praise can ______ the opposite effect .
A. result to B. result from C. lead to D. account for
4. Before you quit your job, _____ how your family would feel about your decision.
A. considering B. to consider C. consider D. considered
5. Something good is certain to happen in the end ______ you do not give up.
A. because B. so far C. until D. when
6.Do you have a good sense of direction? _______, please take with you a compass.21世纪教育网
A. If so B. If not C. If necessary D. If possible
7. --Your mum is very kind.
--Yeah, My mum is pretty considerate, you know what , she always arranges everything around me. 21世纪教育网
A. she means B. you mean C. I mean D. we mean
8. When _____ with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat（恒温器）and cut costs.
A. used B. being used C. using D. to use
9. A new study has found no evidence ______ sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.
A. what B. that C. whether D. when
10. Researchers of Harvard Medical School have _________ that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
A. invented B. searched C. discovered D. told
11. Credit card will give you free ____ to your money whenever or wherever you need, so it is worth possessing.
A. way B. access C. method D. convenience21世纪教育网
12. —Did you have a good time meeting your old friends yesterday?
—Yes, I did. I them since we graduated from college.21世纪教育网
A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see C. haven’t seen D. hadn’t seen
13. With _______ numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, camping wild is becoming more and more important.[来源:21世纪教育网]
A. increased B. building C. grown D. increasing
14. Music is an expression of the beings who create it, ______ reflects their thinking and values.
A. which B. it C. what D. that

参答21世纪教育网
单选：BACCD, BCABC, BDDA21世纪教育网
完型：(36-40 CABBD 41-45 ADACB 46-50 CDBBA 51-55 CBDCD)
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题动词及动词短语
1．(·山东淄博模拟)The headmaster will________a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.
A．deliver B．address
C．announce D．declare
解析：　句意为：今天下午校长将要对来访的外宾发表讲话。deliver 发表，deliver a speech 发表演讲。address sb.对某人讲话，对某人发表演说；announce 宣布，通告；declare 宣告，声明。
答案：　A
2．(·东北三校模拟)—I think I should wear a dress instead of this jeans.
—It’s just a small informal party，so you don’t have to________.
A．warm up B．put up
C．dress up D．keep up
解析：　句意为：——我觉得我应该穿礼服不能穿牛仔服。——这只是一个不太正式的小聚会，因此，你不必刻意打扮。dress up 穿上特殊服装，乔装，化妆。21世纪教育网
答案：　C
3．(·山东临沂)If you keep practising your son in football，he ________to make a famous player.[来源:21世纪教育网]
A．wants B．hopes
C．promises D．wishes
解析：　句意为：如果你坚持对你儿子进行足球训练，他有希望成为一个著名的球员。promise 有前途，有……的可能。
答案：　C
4．(·山东烟台模拟)Newly-developed materials for spaceships can________extreme weather conditions.
A．hold B．support
C．stand D．compete21世纪教育网
解析：　句意为：新研发的航空材料能经受极端天气条件的考验。stand 抵抗，抵御，经受，符合语境。21世纪教育网
答案：　C
5．(·杭州模拟)Everyone in the village hoped that he would________after a few days’ treatment.
A．pick up B．come up
C．keep up D．make up
解析：　句意为：村里的每一个人都希望他能在几天的治疗后康复。pick up 好转，恢复；come up 走上前来，发芽，发生；keep up 保持；make up 编造，弥补，化装，构成。
答案：　A
6．(·山东枣庄调研)He didn’t ________what I said because his mind was on something else.
A．hold on B．hang on
C．take in D．get over
解析：　句意为：他没有理解我说的话，因为他刚才想别的呢。take in理解，领会；hold on 不挂断；hang on 坚持，不挂断，靠着，渴望；get over 爬过，克服，熬过，恢复。
答案：　C[来源:21世纪教育网]
7．(·3月济南模拟)Stella was disappointed to find her new plan________and fell into great depression.
A．put away B．carried out
C．turned down D．left out
解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：Stella 看到她的计划被拒绝非常失望，难以振作。put away 收起来，放好；carry out 完成；turn down 拒绝；leave out 漏掉，忽略。
答案：　C
8．(·4月济南模拟)What the young man can’t________is that his mum always treats him like a baby.
A．support B．undertake
C．hold D．bear[来源:21世纪教育网]
解析：　考查动词辨析。bear 此处表示“忍受”；support 表示“支持”；undertake 表示“从事”；hold 则表示“容纳”。根据语意“那个年轻人无法容忍的是……”，选D项。
答案：　D
9．(·4月济南模拟)Internet shopping is really________when people are sure of its safety.
A．taking off B．taking up
C．setting off D．setting up
解析：　考查动词词组辨析。句意为：当人们确认了它的安全性之后，网络购物真的迅速流行起来。take off 表示“迅速流行”；take up 表示“从事，占据”；set off 表示“出发”；set up 表示“建造，建立”。根据语意选A项。
答案：　A
10．(·黑龙江检测)The girl nodded with a smile as if she had ________his mind.
A．read B．found
C．watched D．noticed
解析：　考查动词词义辨析。read one’s mind 是固定搭配，表示“读懂某人的心思”。
答案：　A
11．(·福建龙岩检测)She is working hard all day long，which will surely________her success in her future work.21世纪教育网
A．result from B．contribute to
C．benefit from D．stick to
解析：　考查动词词组辨析。语意表示“她整天努力工作，这肯定会有助于她未来工作的成功”。这里contribute to 表示“导致，有助于”；result from 表示“因……发生”；benefit from表示“从……中获益”；stick to 则表示“坚持”。根据句意，选B项。
答案：　B21世纪教育网
12．(·3月济南模拟)Thanks to the success of the business，we can________a flat this year.
A．make B．devote
C．remove D．afford
解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：由于生意很好，今年我们能买得起房子了。afford 买得起，负担得起。
答案：　D
13．(·黑龙江检测)I didn’t like the soap opera at first，but when I started watching one，I immediately became ________it.
A．accustomed to B．addicted to
C．opposed to D．allergic to
解析：　考查动词词组辨析。句意为：我起初不喜欢肥皂剧，但看了一个后我马上就上瘾了。这里用become addicted to 表示“对……上瘾/入迷”；become accustomed to 表示“习惯于……”；become opposed to 表示“反对……”；become allergic to 则表示“对……过敏”。根据语意选B项。
答案：　B
14．(·海南五校联考)—Have you been________？
—Yeah.As a matter of fact，I’ve been going to the gym for half a year now.[来源:21世纪教育网]
A．carrying out B．turning out
C．making out D．working out
解析：　考查动词短语。——你一直健身吗？——是的，事实上，我去健身房已有半年了。work out 有“(定期)锻炼，健身”的意思，符合题意。make out 应付，过；carry out 实施，执行；turn out 出席，在场。
答案：　D
15．(·南京第三次模拟)The idea of travelling abroad really________a lot of Chinese people.That’s why every year witnesses more people applying for passports.21世纪教育网
A．takes to B．caters to
C．attends to D．appeals to
解析：　本题考查动词短语。根据题中的后一句可知，出国游吸引了很多中国人，因此选择appeal to(吸引)。cater to迎合，满足某人的要求；attend to 照看，处理；take to 开始喜欢。
答案：　D
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题动词时态和语态
一、考点聚焦
1、动词时态考查要点简述
（1）一般现在时考点分析
①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100oC.[来源:21世纪教育网]
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
（2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。
①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般过去时的句型：
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
（3）一般将来时考点分析。
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)
be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
（4）现在进行时考点分析。
①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)
The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感彩)
②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
（5）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。
①常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/
though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to have done。（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
（6）过去将来时考点分析。
参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。[21世纪教育网]
（7）过去进行时考点分析。
①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。
②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
（8）现在完成时考点分析。
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句
This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时
This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时
This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
（9）注意几组时态的区别：
①一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。
②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。
2、被动语态考查要点简述
被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。
（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)[来源:21世纪教育网]
③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。21世纪教育网
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
（3）主动形式表被动意义。
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。
These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
The door won’t lock.门锁不上。
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。
②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
①be seated坐着
He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。
②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。
③be lost迷路21世纪教育网
④be drunk喝醉
⑤be dressed穿着
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)
The book is well sold.(系表结构)
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)
A.will request B.are requested
C.are requesting D.request
解析：答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。
2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.(NMET 2001)
A.is changing B.has changed
C.will have changed D.will change
解析：答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事，因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时表达。21世纪教育网
3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.（2000年春季高考）
A.completed B.complete
C.had been completed D.have been completed
解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态。
动词的时态与语态
1．—We could have walked to the station．It was so near．
—Yes．A taxi at all necessary．
A．wasn’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．won’t be
2．When I got to the cinema，the film for the minutes．
A．has begun B．had begun C．had been on D．was on
3．If city noises from increasing，people shout to be heard even at the dinner table．
are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have to
C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to
4．In some parts of the world，tea with milk and sugar.
A．is serving B．is severed C．serves D．served
5．—Do you like the material?
—Yes，it vety soft．
A．is feeling B．felt C．feels D．is felt
6．I don’t really work here．I until the new secretary arrives．
A．just help out B．have just helped out C．am just helping out D．will just help out
7．—You haven’t been to Beijing，have you?
— ．How I wish to go there!
A．Yes．I have B．Yes，I haven’t C．No．I have D．No，I haven’t
8．It is reported that by the end of this year，another school will ．
A．be built B．have built C．have been built D．have be built
9．—Hey，look where you are going!
— ——0h，I’m terribly sorry． ．
A．I’m not noticing B．1 wasn’t noticing C．I haven’t noticed D．I don’t notice
10．—How are you today?
— ——Oh，I as ill as I do now for a long time．
A．didn’t feel B．wasn’t feeling C．don’t fee D．haven’t felt
l1．Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while，but soon to his old ways．
A．returned B．returns C．was returning D．had returned
12．All the preparations for the task ，and we’re ready to start．
A．completed B．complete C．had been completed D．have been completed
13．He to the lab than he set out to do the experiment．
A．has no sooner got B．was supposed to
C．will no sooner get D．have no sooner got
14．The train arrive at 11：30 but it was an hour late．[来源:21世纪教育网]
A．would suppose B．was supposed to C．is supposed to D．supposed to
15．He stepped into the office， down and began to fill in the forms．
A．sitting B．to sit C．sat D．having sat
16．The little girl her heart out because she her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it．
A．had cried；1ost B．cried；had lose
C．has cried；has lost D．cries；has 1ost
17．Both my brothers work at the power station that at my home town．
A．has set up B．has been set up C．was set up D．is set up
18．Linda has 1ost her passport again．It’s the second time this ．
A．has happened B．has been happened C．happened D．happens
19．—Sorry，I forgot to post the letter for you.
—Never mind， it myself tonight．
A．I’m going to post B．I’d better to post
C．I’ll post D．I’d rather post
20．He his leg when he in a football match against another schoo1．
A．broke；played B．was breaking；was playing
C．broke；was playing D．was breaking；played
21．—Where the recorder? I Can’t see it anywhere．
—I it right here．But now it’s gone．
A．did you put；have put B．have you put put
C．had you put；was putting D．were you putting；have put
22．Hello! I you in London．How long have you been here?
A．don’t know；were B．hadn’t known；are
C．have known；are D．didn’t know；were21世纪教育网
23．—Come on，Peter．I want to show you something．
—Oh，how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift.
A．never think；are going B．never thought；were going
C．didn’t think；were going D．hadn’t thought；were going
24．All the teachers in this schoo1 are ．
A．clean dressing B．cleanly dressing C．clean dressed D．cleanly dressed
25．When I was at college I three foreign languages，but I all except a few words of each．
A．spoke；had forgotten B．spoke；have forgotten
C．had spoken；had forgotten D．had spoken；have forgotten
26．—Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet．The rooms ．
A．are being painted B．are painting C．are painted D．are being painting
27．—Excuse me，sir．Would you do me a favor? of course．What is it?
—I if you could tell me how to fill out this form．
A．had wondered B．was wondering C．would wonder D．did wonder
28．—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time．
— What do you suppose to her?
A．was happening B．to happen C．has happened D．having happened
29．I wonder why Jenny us recently．We should have heard from her by now．
A．hasn’ t written B．doesn’t write C．won’t write D．hadn’t written
30．Mary a dress when she cut her finger．
A．make B．is making C．was making D．makes
31．—Do you know our town at all?
—No，this is the first time I here．
A．was B．have been C．came D．am coming
32．The last time I Jane she cotton in the fields．
A．had seen；was picking B．saw；picked
C．had seen；picked D．saw；was picking
33．Tom into the house when no one ．
A．slipped；was looking B．had slipped；looked
C．slipped；had looked D．was slipped；looked
34．We were all surprised when he made it clear that he office soon．
A．1eaves B．would leave C．1eft D．had left
35 The pen I I is on my desk，right under my nose．
A．think；lost B．thought；had lost
C．think；had lost D．thought；have 1ost
36．—Can I join the club，Dad?[21世纪教育网]
—You can when you a bit older．
A．get B．will get C．are getting D．will have got
37．—I’m sorry to keep you waiting．
—0h，not at a11．I here only a few minutes．
A．have been B．had been C．was D．will be
38．You don’t have to describe her I her several times．
A．had met B．have met C．met D．most
参考答案
1-5 ACABC 6-10 CDCBD 11-15 ADDBC 16-20 BBACC 21-25 BDBDB 26-30 ABCAC[来源:21世纪教育网]
31-35 BDABB 36-38 AAB
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题动词时态讲练集
动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考的必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解，其中现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为频繁。此外，为了增加试题的区分度，命题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致结合在一起考查。
在解题时要注意以下几个问题：
1． 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些？
2． 这个动作处于什么状态？是进行中，还是已结束(完成)？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？
3． 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？
只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题，试题的答案也就水落石出了。
动词时态的基本结构和用法
类别
意义
例句
现在时态
一般现在时
1.主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等。2.用在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，表示将来。3.少数表示动作起止的动词有时也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
①I play ping pong quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the new year. ②If it rains tomorrow, will you still go？③The plane for Canada leaves at 9：15.
类别
意义
例句
现在时态
现在进行时
1.表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.与副词always，continually，constantly，never等连用时表示厌恶或赞扬等的感彩。
3.go，come，leave，start，stay等少数表示来、去、开始、离开等意义的瞬间动词的进行时可以表示一个按规定、计划或安排好的将要进行的动作。
①My brother is reading an interesting novel these days.
②You are always forgetting the important things.
③We're moving to the new building next week.
类别
意义
例句
现在时态
现在完成时
1.现在完成时的两种意义：①表示动作发生于过去，对现在有一定的影响或结果。②表示动作或状态过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去。
2.短暂性动词在肯定句中不可与表示时间段的for, since等连用。
3.可用在表时间、条件、让步的状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
4.在It is the first/ second … time that…句型中，that从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
①They have cleaned the classroom. (即： The room is clean now. )
②He has lived in this country for 40 years.
③Once you have made a promise, you shouldn't break it.
④It is the first time that I have been here.
类别
意义
例句
现在时态
现在完成进行时
1.表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，现在可能刚刚结束，也可能仍要继续。21世纪教育网
2.表示瞬间意义的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
①I've been sitting here all day.
②Now that she is out of a job, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
类别
意义
例句
过去时态
一般过去时
1.主要表示过去某时发生的情况或动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)。2.所表达的事件与现在无关。3.即使是刚刚发生的事情也要用过去时。
①If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it rained all day. ②Sorry. I didn't know you were here.
21世纪教育网
类别
意义
例句
过去时态
过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语(从句)，或有上下文提示。2.与副词always, continually, constantly, never等连用时表示厌恶或赞扬等的感彩。3.go，come，leave，start，stay等少数表示来、去、开始、离开等意义的瞬间动词的进行时可以表示一个按规定、计划或安排好的过去某个时间将要进行的动作。
①As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.②My grandfather was always forgetting things. ③Mr. Smith said he was leaving for London soon.
类别
意义
例句
过去时态21世纪教育网
过去完成时
1.表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或动作之前，即“过去的过去”。 可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。3.动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。4.用在hardly…when…，no sooner…than…，It was the first (second, etc.) time (that)…等固定句型中。
①By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. ②I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. ③They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. ④Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
类别
意义
例句
过去时态
过去将来时
1.常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。2.was/were about to do…when…正要做某事这时……
①He said he would come and help me if necessary.
②I was just about to explain when he interrupted me.
类别
意义
例句
将来时态
will (shall)＋do
其特殊用法：
1．单纯的将来。
2．说话时临时的打算。
①I will be 17 next month.
②—Sorry, I forgot to post your letter.
—It doesn't matter. I will go and post it myself.
类别
意义
例句
将来时态
be going to＋do
1. 按照计划打算做(即说话时早已有的打算)。
2．根据客观迹象预示着……。
①—Ann is in hospital.
—Yes, I know. I'm going to visit her tomorrow.
②Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.
类别
意义
例句
将来时态
be
to
＋
do
1. 表示按计划要发生的事或表示命令、职责、义务、要求等。
2．可以用于条件句，表示“想，想要做……。”
3．be to do 结构有时还可以表示“注定了……”。
①The president is to visit the school next week.
②You are to do your homework before you watch TV. (相当于should, ought to)
③If you are to pass the exams, you will have to study harder from now on.
④They were never to meet again.
类别
意义
例句
将来时态
be
about
to
＋
do
表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。常与when 连用， 构成句型“…be about to do …when… ”(正要做…这时…)
We are about to leave.
二、几种易混时态的辨析
1． 一般现在时与现在进行时
一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的行为。 而现在进行时则具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。如：
On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. 21世纪教育网
This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door.
如：
[·重庆卷] The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building ________ now.
A．remains
B．is remained
C．is remaining
D．has been remained
【解析】 A　考查动词用法及时态。remain作不及物动词用，表示“剩下，仍有”，只能用于主动语态，不可直接跟宾语。结合语境应用一般现在时表示现状。
2． 一般过去时和现在完成时
一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。如：
I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now. )
I have stayed in Beijing for five days and haven't decided where to go next. (I am still in Beijing now and don't know where to go next.)
[·北京卷] —I'm sorry，but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry，I ________myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A．hadn't made
B．wouldn't make
C．don't make 21世纪教育网
D．haven't made
【解析】 D　本题考查时态和情景交际。答句句意为：抱歉，我还没有把我的意思表达明白，强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态。
3． 一般过去时和过去进行时
一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。过去进行时则表示在过去某个时间点或时间段正在做某事。进行时具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。
如：
I read a book last month. (书已经在过去某个时间点读完)
I was reading a book last month. (书未读完)
— Has Sam finished his homework today?
— I have no idea. He ________it this morning.
A．did B．has done
C．was doing D．had done
【解析】 C　此题容易误选A。根据I have no idea这一关键信息可知，说话者对是否完成并不知道，因此用进行时，表示今天上午在做。
4． 一般过去时和过去完成时
判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去”的时间点或动作①，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作②，并且判断该句是否强调②发生在①前。
The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.
5． 完成时和完成进行时的用法比较
现在完成时和过去完成时分别表示某一动作持续到现在或过去某一时间。现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时虽然也表示一个动作持续到现在或过去某一时间，但更强调动作的持续性。完成时强调动作的结果，完成进行时强调动作的延续。
如：
(1) —Why does the river smell terrible?
—Because the water________.
A．have polluted
B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted21世纪教育网
D．have been polluted
【解析】 C　考查完成时和完成进行时的用法和主谓一致。根据问句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是the water，谓语动词用单数，选C。
(2) He ________ articles for our newspaper these years, and he ________about 40 articles.
A．has written；has written21世纪教育网
B．has been writing；writes
C．is writing；has been writing
D．has been writing；has written
【解析】 D　考查完成时和完成进行时的用法。由句意知“这些年他一直在写”，用has been writing；“已写完了”用has written。
三、被动语态
动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。在主动语态中，句子通过谓语动词的不同形式体现出不同的时态形式；被动语态由“助动词be ＋ 过去分词”构成，不同的时态通过 be 的不同形式体现。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。
?
常用被动语态
构成(以ask为例)
?
常用被动语态
构成
1
一般现在时
am/is/are asked
6
过去进行时
was/were being asked
2
一般过去时
was/were asked
7
现在完成时
have/has been asked
3
一般将来时
shall/will be asked
8
过去完成时
had been asked
4
过去将来时
would be asked
9
将来完成时
will/would have been asked
5
现在进行时
am/is/are being asked
10
含有情态动词的被动语态
can/must/may be asked
注意事项21世纪教育网21世纪教育网21世纪教育网21世纪教育网
被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介词或副词。如：Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 21世纪教育网21世纪教育网[21世纪教育网]
“get ＋ 过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。如：She got married last week. He fell off the car and got killed.
汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It is believed that…　It is generally considered that…　It is said that…　It is well known that…　It must be pointed out that…　It is supposed that…　It is reported that…　It must be admitted that…　It is hoped that…
注意事项
不用被动语态的情况
　不及物动词及短语没有被动语态，如：happen, take place, last, break out, come about, come out等。如：The book came out last year. The meeting lasted about 4 hours without reaching any agreement.
　系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等都没有被动语态。如：The food tastes good.The cloth feels soft. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad.
　表示主语的某种属性特征的动词不需用被动语态。如read, write, act, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, open, lock, shut, dry, start。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：　The book sells well. 　这本书很畅销。　My pen won't write. 　我的笔写不出字来。　This coat dries easily. 　这种外衣容易干。　The door won't lock. 　这门锁不上。　The engine won't start. 　引擎发动不起来。　The cloth washes well. 　这布很耐洗。
1． —Hi, Lucy, you look tired.
—I'm really tired. I ________the living room all day.
A．painted
B．had painted
C．have been painting
D．have been painted
【误】 学生容易分辨不清C与D的区别，而误选D。
【正】 C　表示我一整天都在刷房子，应该用现在完成进行时。
2． Nancy is not coming tonight. But she ________！(promise)
【误】 But she has promised.
【正】 But she promised.
【解析】 Nancy“答应要来”这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺，前文已告诉我们“她不来了”，因此诺言已跟现在没有关系，只是过去的一个动作。
3． 托尼给我打电话时，我刚完成工作，要开始洗澡。
【误】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower.
【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower.
【解析】 从关键信息I had just finished my work可以看出是“正要开始洗澡”应该是进行时，was starting 可以表示马上就要进行的动作；而started表示“开始了”。
4． I don't really work here; I ________until the new secretary arrives.
A．just help out
B．have just helped out
C．am just helping out
D．will just help out
【误】 此题易受第一句话的影响，而误选A。
【正】 表示我现在只是在临时帮忙，是现在正在进行的动作，选C。
【解析】 一般现在时表示现在的、经常性的行为或状态，而现在进行时表示正在进行的、暂时性的动作。
5． 很多的鸟类正被人们捕杀。
【误】 Many birds are killed now.
【正】 Many birds are being killed now.
【解析】 现在进行时的被动语态结构要完整，不能遗漏其中的助动词，导致时态错误。
1． [·上海卷] The church tower which________will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A．has restored
B．has been restored
C．is restoring
D．is being restored
【解析】 D　本题考查被动语态。restore意为“修复”，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，选D。
2． [·北京卷] John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather________ with them to school.
A．took B．had taken
C．were taking D．would take
【答案】 B
3． [·辽宁卷] Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair________ all day. Could you speak to her now?
A．phones B．has phoned
C．has been phoning D．phoned
【解析】 C　考查现在完成进行时。由all day可以看出一直在打电话，此时仍然在打，过去发生的动作持续到现在并仍在进行，选C。
4． [·天津卷] My parents ________ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
A．live B．lived C．were living D．will live
【解析】 A　考查时态。后句意思为：他们出生在香港，从来没有在别的地方住过。由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事实，选A。
5． [·江苏卷] —Ann is in hospital.
—Oh, really? I ________know. I ________go and visit her.
A．didn't; am going to
B．don't; would
C．don't; will
D．didn't; will
【解析】 D　由答语中的“Oh, really？”可以看出，“我”是刚刚知道的，所以用I didn't know表示现在之前不知道。A项中的am going to表示“说话时早有的打算”，而D项中的will则表示“说话时临时的打算”。
6．[·上海卷] During the period of recent terrorist activities, people ______not to touch any unattended bag.
A．had always been warned
B．were always being warned
C．are always warning
D．always warned
【解析】 B　根据时间状语可知是指过去，be always doing sth.表示“一种感彩”，并且人们与警告之间是被动的关系，选B。
7．He________ football regularly for many years when he was young.
A．was playing B．played
C．has played D．had played
【解析】 B　考查考生对题干中句子含义的理解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由题干中的“for many years”很多同学推断出应为现在完成时，但“when he was young”这个时间状语表明他打球是过去时，未持续到现在。由“regularly” 可知他过去经常打球，是一种过去的习惯性的动作，选B
8． [·全国卷Ⅱ] Linda，make sure the tables ________ before the guests arrive.
A．be set B．set
C．are set D．are setting
【解析】 C　考查动词时态语态。make sure意为“确信，确保”，set tables意为“摆放桌子”，结合语境应用被动形式。
9． [·全国卷Ⅱ] Excuse me. I________ I was blocking your way.
A．didn't realize
B．don't realize
C．haven't realized
D．wasn't realizing
【解析】 A　考查动词时态。这里应用一般过去时表示说话之前“没有意识到”。
10．My friend went to Canada three years ago. He________ there for a few months and then went to America.
A．was living B．has lived
C．was lived D．lived
【解析】 D　句意为：我的朋友三年前去了加拿大，他在那里住了几个月，然后去了美国。由句意可知，住在加拿大这个情况发生在过去，且已经结束，故用一般过去时。
11．[·四川卷] —When shall we restart our business?
—Not until we ________ our plan.
A．will finish B．are finishing
C．are to finish D．have finished
【解析】 D　考查动词时态。状语从句用现在时代替将来时，这里表示计划完成后，所以用现在完成时。
12．—Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya?
—Who ________it?
A．writes B．has written C．wrote D．had written
【解析】 C　本题考查时态。题干中的答句问“谁写的这本书？”说明此书肯定是过去写的，所以用动词的过去式。
13．They________ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.
A．had got B．got C．have got D．get
【解析】 B　本题考查时态。句意为：他们得到了两张去加拿大的免费票，否则他们将永远也去不起。此题叙述事实，又发生在过去，选B。
14．—The singer together with her band ________invited to the concert. Did you enjoy that party?
—No, no sooner ________than they sang their top hit Oh My Baby.
A．was; I had left B．were; I have gone
C．was; had I left D．were; did I leave
【解析】 C　主谓一致、时态及倒装的综合考查。主语(the singer)后面跟有together with引起的短语，谓语动词与前面的主语一致，所以要用was；否定词no sooner和than连用，且位于句首时，用部分倒装结构，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生，相当于汉语的“一……就……”。
15．[·四川卷] You've failed to do what you ________ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you.
A．will expect
B．will be expected
C．expected
D．were expected
【解析】 D　考查动词时态。由语境“老师将批评你”，知道你没有完成应该做的，所以用过去时，expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期待某人做某事”，此处要用被动形式。
16．[·安徽卷] —Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
—No. I ________ the book，so I already knew the story.
A．was reading B．had read
C．am reading D．have read
【解析】 B　考查时态。句意为：“你对电影结果感到吃惊吗？”“不，我已经读过这本书，所以我已知道了这个故事。”“读书”是在“看电影”之前，故用过去完成时。
17．[·全国卷Ⅰ] —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No，I ________ my homework all day yesterday.
A．was doing B．would do
C．had done D．do
【解析】 A　考查动词时态。all day yesterday是信息词，暗示用过去进行时。
18．[·辽宁卷] I ________ all the cooking for my family，but recently I've been too busy to do it.
A．will do B．do
C．am doing D．had done
【解析】 B　考查动词时态。第一句表示通常、一般性的一种状况，所以用一般现在时态。句意为：我为一家人做饭，但是最近我太忙不能做了。
19．[·全国卷Ⅰ] The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________.
A．is made B．would make
C．was to be made D．had made
【解析】 C　考查动词时态和语态。make a fortune表“发财”，此处是被动语态，was to be made表示过去将来时，相当于would be made。
20．[·福建卷] Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________ before leaving their hometowns.
A．promised B．were promised
C．have promised D．have been promised
【解析】 D　考查动词时态。句意为：因为在离开家乡前被许诺的能挣钱的工作，每年大量的农民工涌入深圳。由句中arrive的时态可知此处的时态是现在时，又根据before leaving their hometowns可知在离开家乡前的承诺，强调结果，所以该空应为现在完成时。
21．[·福建卷] —Guess what，we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice！You ________ a different culture then.
A．will be experiencing
B．have experienced
C．have been experiencing
D．will have experienced
【解析】 A　考查动词时态。由第一句可知：我们已经得到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证，再由第二句中then可知：这是对去英国旅行的美好祝愿，动作尚未发生。因此时态应为将来进行时。
22．[·安徽卷] —We've spent too much money recently.
—Well，it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives ________ around all the time.
A．are coming
B．had come
C．were coming
D．have been coming
【解析】 D　考查时态。句意为：“最近我们花钱太多了。”“一点也不奇怪。我们一直有朋友和亲戚来。”句中出现了明显的时间状语recently和all the time。
23．[·北京卷] In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ________.
A．are dropped B．drop
C．are being dropped D．have dropped
【解析】 A　本题考查动词的时态和语态。the “r” sounds和drop之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，要用被动语态；题目描述的是习惯做法，要用一般现在时态。
24．[·北京卷] —I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
—But our friends ________for us.
A．will wait B．wait
C．have waited D．are waiting
【解析】 D　本题考查动词的时态。根据第一句话可知，双方谈论的是正在发生的事情，故用现在进行时态。
25．Unfortunately，when I got to her flat, she________，so we had only a moment for a few words.
A．just left B．had just left
C．has just left D．was just leaving
【解析】 D　考查时态。从后半句的“所以我们仅用一会儿时间说了几句话”可知，当说话人到达那位女士的公寓时，她正要离开，应该用过去进行时表示过去马上要发生的动作。
26．—Has Tom already finished his new story?
—I have no idea. He ________it last month.
A．had written B．was writing
C．would write D．wrote
【解析】 B　本题考查时态。过去某个动作表示未完成或者不知道有没有完成时，用过去进行时态，句中是不知道有没有完成，所以本题选择B项。
27．—How come your father can read books in German?
—Well, he ________on a project with some German engineers for 3 years when he was young.
A．worked B．was working
C．had worked D．would work
【解析】 A　考查动词时态。尽管应答句中有3 years表时间段，但由时间状语从句可知此处是陈述过去的事实，故用一般过去时，选A。
28．—What's the problem, Sir?
—You ________at least at a speed of about 100 miles per hour.
A．are driving
B．drive
C．were driving
D．have been driving
【答案】 C
29．—Are you still very busy?
—Yes，I ________the report for the manager and it won't take long.
A．have just finished
B．am just finishing
C．had just finished
D．am just going to finish
【解析】 B　考查现在进行时态表示将来的用法。根据“it won't take long”推知，报告将要写完但并没有写完。
30．—What are you going to do this afternoon?
—I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ________quite early, so we ________to the bookstore after that.
A．finished; are going B．finished; go
C．finishes; are going D．finishes; go
【解析】 C　由问句和答语I am going…可知，要用将来时态，排除选项A和B；电影的开始和结束是电影院在时刻表中已有的计划，用一般现在时表示，而表示最近的打算或安排，则可用现在进行时表示。
1．(·东北三省四市联考)—What’s that terrible noise，David?
—Oh，I forgot to tell you.The new machines in the nearby plant________.
A．were tested B．will be tested
C．are being tested D．have been tested
解析：　考查动词的时态。根据问句中的What’s that terrible noise 可知，这里应该用进行时态，噪音是机器正在被检测时发出的，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案：　C
2．(·北京西城模拟)The attackers were arrested and didn’t know where they________.
A．would take B．are taken
C．were being taken D．will be taken
解析：　句意为：袭击者被捕了，他们不知道正被带往何处。根据didn’t know 可知，空格处也应该用过去的某种时态，所以B、D不正确；根据句意可知此处用被动语态，故选C。
答案：　C
3．(·南京模拟)People begin to know that most environmental problems exist because necessary measures for preventing them________taken in the past.
A．are not B．were not
C．hadn’t been D．wouldn’t be
解析：　句意为：人们开始了解到由于在过去没有采取必要的预防措施从而造成了大多数的环境问题。in the past暗示出用过去时态；hadn’t been 指在一个过去的动作或时间之前发生的事情；wouldn’t be 表过去将来，故B项正确。
答案：　B
4．(·日照市调研考试)—Monitor?
—I’m not monitor of our class.I________with the teacher until the monitor is elected.
A．will just help B．am just to help
C．am just helping D．have just helped
解析：　考查时态。下句意为：我只是在帮助老师，直到选出班长为止。根据上下句语意可知，此处用现在进行时，表示答话者当时所处的状态。
答案：　C
5．(·南京第一次模拟)—I hear you________at Smith’s.
—Yes，I________there for about three months.
A．work；had been working
B．worked；was working
C．are working；have been working
D．worked；have worked
解析：　本题考查时态。听说你正在Smith’s 上班，因此应该使用现在进行时态；我在那里已经工作大约三个月了(可能还会持续下去)，因此需要使用现在完成进行时态。
答案：　C
6．(·海淀区第二学期期中练习)—Why didn’t you come to the cinema with us last Saturday?
—Oh，sorry.But I________the film.
A．see B．saw
C．have seen D．had seen
解析：　考查动词的时态。由语意可知，这个电影在上周六(last Saturday)之前就已经看过了，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”，因此应该用过去完成时。
答案：　D
7．(·3月济南模拟)A big step ________to strengthen China’s health care systems since we launched an effort in 2008.
A．has been taken B．is being taken
C．was taken D．had been taken
解析：　考查时态。since(自从)所在的从句用了一般过去时，主句一般用现在完成时。
答案：　A
8．(·哈尔滨检测)I have been on diet for months and next time you see me，I ________five pounds.
A．will have lost B．will lose
C．have lost D．am losing
解析：　本题考查动词时态。句意为：我已经减肥好几个月了，等下次再见我时，我就会轻五磅。根据语境知句子要用将来完成时，故A项正确。
答案：　A
9．(·苏州一模)—Are you going to further your studies after graduation?
—Well，I________yet.I might make some other choices.
A．didn’t decide B．haven’t decided
C．don’t decide D．hadn’t decided
解析：　本题考查动词时态。从答语：也许还有别的打算可知，目前还没有做出决定，故用现在完成时。
答案：　B
10．(·陕西宝鸡检测)Mary，I should tell you it is the third time that you________your homework.
A．forgot to do B．forgot doing
C．have forgotten to do D．had forgotten doing
解析：　考查时态和非谓语动词。“It is(was)the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”，表示“是某人第几次做某事”，在此句型中，若前面为it is，则that 从句用现在完成时，若前面为it was，则that 从句用过去完成时；而forget to do sth.表示忘了应去做某事，forget doing sth.表示忘了已做过某事。根据语意可知此题应选C。
答案：　C
11．(·3月济南模拟)—We thought he would have won the game.
—What a pity！He ________too nervous when playing.
A．had been B．has been
C．was D．would have been
解析：　考查动词时态。句意为：他当时太紧张了。答语是对过去事实的陈述，用一般过去时。
答案：　C
12．(·潍坊质量监测)My headache________me.I thought it was going away，but now it’s getting worse and worse.
A．is killing B．was killing
C．kills D．killed
解析：　考查时态。从now 可知：我现在头疼得厉害。
答案：　A
13．(·潍坊第一次模拟)Tom is now in our class，but he once________in Westbrook High School for a term.
A．has studied B．studied
C．had studied D．studies
解析：　考查时态。句意为：汤姆现在在我们班，但他曾经在韦斯特布鲁克高中呆过一个学期。从once可知，用一般过去时，一般过去时也可以和一段时间连用。
答案：　B
14．(·海南五校联考)—When did you move to Sanya?
—In 2008.But I________in Tibet for 8 years.
A．has worked B．has been worked
C．have been working D．worked
解析：　考查时态。由题干可知答话人在2008年搬到三亚之前曾在西藏工作过8年，叙述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
答案：　D
15．(·4月济南模拟)—Can you give some advice on what I said just now?
—Sorry.My mind ________.
A．is wandering B．was wandering
C．has wandered D．has wandered
解析：　考查动词的时态。从语境可知“刚才你说话的时候，我走神了”，此处强调“过去某个时刻正在进行”的状态，所以用过去进行时，答案选B项。
答案：　B
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题动词短语汇总
1、动词+about
speak/talk about 谈论
think about 思考
care about 关心，对……有兴趣
bring about 引起，使发生
set about 着手，开始
come about 发生
hear about 听说
worry about 为……担心

2、动词+away
throw away 扔掉
blow away 吹走
carry away 拿走，使入迷
clear away 清除掉，消散
die away 逐渐消失，减弱
pass away 去世
wash away 冲走
take away 拿走，使消失
put away 收拾起来，存起来
give away 背弃，泄漏，赠送
wear away 磨掉，消耗
break away 摆脱
send away 让走开
turn away 把……打发走

3、动词+back
keep back 隐瞒，忍住
look back(on) 回顾
hold back 控制住
give back 归还
call back 回电话
take back 拿回，收回

4、动词+for　
run for 竞选
ask for 要求得到[来源:21世纪教育网]
wait for 等候
stand for 代表，表示
long for 渴望
hope/wish for 希望得到
care for 关心，喜欢
beg for 乞求
search for 查找
look for 寻找
call for 需要，要求
hunt for 寻找
change for 用……换
charge for 收费，要价
apply for 申请
take…for 误以为……是
seek for 寻找
come for 来拿，来取

5、动词+down
burn down 烧毁
break down 坏了，垮了，分解
take down 记下，记录
turn down 调小，拒绝
cut down 削减，砍倒
slow down 慢下来
pass down 传下来
put down 记下，写下，镇压
calm down 平静下来
bring down 使……降低，使倒下
settle down 安家
come down 下落，传下
tear down 拆毁，拆除

6、动词+at
come at 向……袭击
shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷
run at 冲向，向……攻击
work at 干……活动(研究)
tear at 用力撕
look at 看，注视
stare at 凝视
glare at 怒视
glance at 匆匆一瞥
laugh at 嘲笑
knock at 敲(门、窗等)
point at 指向
smile at 冲(某人)笑
strike at 向……打击
aim at 向……瞄准
shoot at 向……射击
wonder at 惊讶
call at 拜访(地点)

7、动词+from
differ from 与……不同
suffer from 受……苦
hear from 收到……来信
die from 因……而死
keep/stop/prevent…from 阻止……
learn from 向……学习
result from 由于
date from 始于……时期 　　
separate…from 把……分离开

8、动词+of
think of 想到
dream of 梦到
consist of 由……组成
speak of 谈到
approve of 赞成
die of 死于
talk of 谈到
hear of 听说
complain of 抱怨
become of 发生……情况，怎么啦

9、动词+off
start off 出发
set off 出发
leave off 中断
show off 炫耀
get off 下车
take off 脱下，起飞
see off 送行
ring off 挂断电话
put off 延期，推迟
come off 脱落，褪色
cut off 切断，断绝
fall off 跌落，掉下
keep off 避开，勿走近
go off 消失；坏了,爆炸，不喜欢
knock off 把……撞落
break off 打断
pay off 还清
carry off 携走带走，赢得
get off 脱下(衣服等)21世纪教育网
give off 散发出
turn/switch off 关掉

10、动词+on
depend on 依靠
rely on 依靠21世纪教育网
insist on 坚持
carry on 继续，进行
keep/go on 继续
spend…on 在……花钱
put on 穿上，戴上，上演
call on 拜访
move on 继续移动，往前走
live on 以……为生
feed on 以……为生
bring on 使……发展
take on 雇用，呈现(新面貌等)
try on 试穿
have on 穿着
pass on 传授，传递
look on 旁观
turn/switch on 打开

11、动词+out
break out 爆发
point out 指出
pick out 选出
figure out 算出，理解
burst out 进发
bring out 阐明，使表现出
carry out 执行，进行
help out 救助
hold out 坚持下去
set out 出发，着手，摆放
wear out 穿破，使……疲劳
turn out 结果是，生产，培养
make out 理解，看清楚
come out 出版，出来
cross out 划掉
leave out 省略，删掉
keep out(of) 使不进入，挡住
work out 算出，想出办法等
find out 查出，弄明白
give out 散发，分发，用完
try out 试用，试验
look out 当心，提防
put out 扑灭
speak out 大胆讲出
hand out 散发
send out 发出，派遣
run out 用完
go out 熄灭
let out 泄漏，发出(声音)，出租
die out 灭绝

12、动词十in
give in 让步
hand in 上交
bring in 引进
drop in 拜访
result in 导致
succeed in 在……获成功
join in 参加
take in 接纳，吸收，改小
get in 收获，进入
break in 强制进入，插话
fill in 填写
call in 召集，来访
cut in 插入
persist in 坚持
look in 来访，参观

13、动词十into
look into 研究，调查
turn into 变成
burst into 闯入，进发
divide…into 把……分成
change…into 把……变成
put/translate…into 把……译成
run into 碰到
send sb to/into sleep 使进入状态

14、动词+over
turn over 翻倒，细想
think over 仔细考虑
go over 审阅，检查，研究
look over 翻阅，检查
get over 克服
run over 压死，看一遍
take over 接管，接替
watch over 看守，照看
fall over 跌倒，摔倒
roll over 翻滚
21世纪教育网
15、动词十to
belong to 属于
object to 反对
refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅
point to 指向
turn to 向……求助，查阅
stick/hold/keep to 坚持，忠于
see to 处理，料理
come to 共计，苏醒
reply to 答复
get to 到达
bring to 使苏醒
compare…to 与…相比;把…比作
agree to 同意
write to 写信给
supply…to 为……提供
lead to 导致，通向
add to 增添
attend to 处理,专心，照料
devote…to 贡献给

16、动词+up
grow up 成长，长大
give up 放弃，献出
build up 建立
set up 架起、建立
put up 搭起，架起，安装，张贴，盖起
do up 整理，包装，打扮
go up 增长，上涨
get up 起床，站起
pick up 拾起，学会，用车接，收听到
bring up 抚养，呕吐，提出 出现
turn up 开大(音量等)，出席
stay up 挺住，熬夜
take up 开始学，从事，占据
sit up 熬夜
eat up 吃完
use up 用完
tear up 撕碎
lay up 储存
make up 构成，组成 编造，弥补
cut up 切碎
join up 联结起来，参军
end up 总结
come up 上来，长出，出现
speed up 加快速度
throw up 呕吐
clear up 整理，收拾，放晴
look up 查找，找出
bum up 烧毁
catch up 赶上
hurry up 赶快
fix up 修理，安排，装置
keep up 保持
hold up 耽搁，使停顿
send up 发射
ring up 打电话
open up 开创，开辟
divide up 分配
break up 分解
21世纪教育网
17、动词十through
get through 通过，干完，接通电话
look through 翻阅，看一遍，仔细查看
go through 审阅，检查，学习
put…through 接通电话
see through 识破
check through 核对
pull through 渡过危机，康复
18、动词+with
deal with 处理，对付
do with 处理，需要
meet with 遇到，遭受
talk with 同……交谈
agree with 同意，与……一致
compare with 与……相比
combine with 与……相联合
equip with 以……装备
cover with 用……覆盖
begin with 以……开始
end up with 以……结束
supply with 以……供给
provide…with 以……供给
play with 玩，玩弄

19、三词以上的短语动词 add up to 总计
break away from 摆脱
keep away from 避开，别靠近
do away with 废除
look down on 轻视
look up to 仰望，尊敬
put up with 忍受
catch up with 赶上
keep up with 赶上
run out of 用完
make up for 弥补
go on with 继续
get on(along) with 和……相处
look forward to 盼望
get close to 接近
take hold of 握住
get out of 逃避，避免
get down to 认真开始
set fire to 放火烧
pay attention to 注意
take notice of 注意
set an example to 为……榜样
do well in 在……干得好
pay a visit to 访问
take a photo of 拍……照片
take the place of 取代

Pick up
1.?拾起, 捡起; 抬起2.?安排接取; 使搭乘; 搭救3.?爬〔站〕起来; 振作起来4.?使增加〔加快〕5.?收拾东西〔屋子〕6.?掘, 挖7.?染上8.?捉住, 逮住9.?好转; 恢复10.?(跌倒后)使(自己)起来，再爬起来11.?(尤指偶然地、无意地、不费劲地)得到；偶然获得，偶然找到；无意地学会(技术、语言、游戏等)；无师自通地学会；理解；懂得；意识到；注意到12.?停下来把…带走；中途把…带走13.?把(某人)拘留起来；逮捕；捉到；拿获(罪犯等)14.?(病后)恢复健康、体力等；好转15.?中断后重新开始(活动、叙述等)；重新开始16.?(在广播、电视里)收听、收看到；(用雷达、探照灯等)看到，偶然发现17.?收进或接受(账单)准备付款18.? (偶然、随便地)结识、结交(尤指结交与之发生性关系的异性)
pick out
取出, 去掉2.?挑选, 选择; 选拔3.?分辨出4.?了解; 领会5.?衬托, 点缀, 使明显6.?凭听觉〔记忆〕奏出
knock at
打, 捶, 敲
knock on
1. 敲击2.?不停地工作3.?〈非正〉(使)增加4.?取消, 停止干某事
knock into
1.?打进; 撞进2.?偶然碰到(某人)3.?〈非正〉把…灌输给4.?〈口〉彻底击败
knock down
1.?〈非正〉击倒, 撞倒2.?拆卸3.?〈非正〉降价; 减少4.?卖时以击锤表示卖出5.?〈俚〉挣得, 获得过6.?〈俚〉偷; 抢7.?使降低; 使丢脸8.?拒绝9.?挥霍10.?在燃烧区域边缘控制〔减弱〕火焰〔高温〕
knock out
1.?用锤等敲掉; 打掉2.?使昏迷3.?击倒4.?淘汰5.?使不能使用; 毁坏6.?使筋疲力尽; 使竭尽全力7.?粗略地〔匆匆地〕创作〔完成〕8.?使震惊9.?引起共鸣
knock over
1.?碰翻; 打倒2.?使吃惊3.?轻易击败4.?偷窃; 抢劫5.?快速完成
knock about
1.?漫游; 四处走动2.?殴打; 在肉体〔精神〕上虐待3.?接连打击, 毁坏4.?活着5.?放着无人理睬6.?玩; 开车等取乐7.?〈口〉随意放在…8.?〈口〉在…猛干
knock off
1.?〈非正〉将…击打掉, 碰撞掉2.?〈口〉(使)停止, 停止某事; 中断某事;（尤指）下班, 收工3.?〈非正〉降低4.?〈非正〉快速做…5.?〈非正〉杀, 谋杀6.?〈非正〉偷; 抢劫7.?〈口〉拘捕8.?〈口〉完成, 结束9.?〈口〉吃完10.?〈口〉为惩罚而狠打
make up
1.?编造2.?讲和3.?弥补, 偿还4.?补足, 凑足5.?化装, 打扮6.?配制7.?铺床, 整理8.?组成, 构成
make up of构成,组成
make of
1.?用…做成2.?理解, 明白, 对…有某种看法3.?使某人发展成为
make from由…制成
make into1.?把…做成2.?把…转变为, 使成为
make out
1.?填写(表格); 开出(支票、账单)2.?辨认出3.?理解, 明白4.?声称5.?假装6.?亲吻抚摸（某人） 7.?（询问是否处理得当）应付，过
make for
1.?走向, 前往2.?冲向, 向…猛扑3.?有利于, 致使
make up one's mind决定, 下决心
make friends with与…交友;与…交朋友,和睦
make sense
1.?有道理；有意义；讲得通2.?是明智的, 是合情合理的3.?表述清楚；易于理解；道理明显
take up
1.?拿起; 抱起2.?占去3.?接受(提议)4.?继续
take off
1.?拿走, 取下; 去掉2.?脱去3.?截断, 切除4.?(使)离开5.?起跳; 起飞6.?(飞机)起飞7.?发起8.?使停运; 使停航9.?减轻(体重)10.?〈非正〉走开, 离开
take down
1.?拆卸2.?记录, 记下
take for1.?为…承担…2.?信以为真; 认为理所当然
take away
1.?拿开, 拿走2.?把…带走; 使离开3.?使停止; 转移4.?减去5.?剥夺; 夺取; 抢夺6.?〈非正〉使大吃一惊
take out
1.?把…带出去2.?清除, 除掉3.?获取, 办理4.?邀请(某人)外出5.?扣除；除去；取出
take in
1.?欺骗; 使上当2.?领会; 理解3.?接待; 收留4.?包括5.?吸入6.?让...进入;接受 7.?改小;改短
take on1.?承担2.?呈现,穿上3.?雇用
take it easy1.?不紧张; 松懈; 不生气; 不激动等21世纪教育网
take care1.?当心, 小心2.?坚持到底
take one's time不急, 慢慢干
take place1.?发生; 举行；（尤指根据安排或计划）发生，进行
look after1.?注视2.?照顾, 照看(某人或某物
look for1.?寻找(某人或某物)2.?〈口〉找(麻烦); 找(苦头)吃3.?希望得到
look into1.?在...里查资料;深入地检查,研究;调查2.?观察
look out
1.?向外看; 面向; 朝外2.?（表示警告，尤指有危险）小心，当心，留神3.?挑出〔找出〕(某物)
look through
1.?仔细检查〔审查〕(某物)2.?对(某人)视而不见3.?穿过…看4.?看穿〔识破〕(某人或某事)5.?粗略地翻阅; 细审…
look up
1.?向上看; 抬头看2.?生意、某人的情况等 好转；改善3.?拜访(某人)4.?查找
look over
1.?从(某物上面)看过去2.?仔细检查〔审视〕(某人或某物
look forward to1.?期望, 盼望
look down upon蔑视,瞧不起
break in 1.?打断, 插嘴说2.?闯入3.?(使)逐渐适用4.?开始工作
break into 1.?闯入, 强行进入, 破门而入2.?打断, 打扰; 占用3.?突然做4.?把…分成
break off 1.?(使)分离; (使)脱离2.?停止; 断交
break out 1.?(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然发生, 爆发2.?向外砸开
break down
1.?损坏, 发生故障2.?拆散; 分类3.?衰弱下来4.?失败, 破产5.?粉碎, 压倒6.? 被搞垮；垮掉 7.?情不自禁地哭起来8.?划分（以便分析）
break up
1.?结束2.?(使)破碎, 分解3.?(使)破裂4.?放假5.?(使)散开, (使)解散6.?(使)极其焦虑和痛苦7.?(使)开心, 发笑8.?分手
break with 1.?与…断绝关系〔决裂〕2.?破除, 改变
break away from脱离(政党等)；打破
keep back
1.?留在后面, 不上前2.?阻止…前进; 阻止…的进展3.?隐瞒4.?扣留; 保留
keep off
1.?(使)不接近; 挡住2.?(雨、雪等)没有下3.?避开某一话题4.?禁食
keep on
1.?继续前进; 继续工作2.?继续穿着〔戴着〕3.?继续雇用; 继续使用或占有4.?反复提及; 抱怨5.?(使)继续朝…行进6.?(使)继续服药〔接受训练〕
keep up
1.?(使)不倒下, (使)不下沉2.?保持在高水准上3.?跟上, 赶上4.?保养, 维修5.?保持6.?保持不衰退7.?使熬夜8.?不减弱; （天气）持续不变
keep one's word遵守诺言, 守信用
keep doing继续做
go away
1.?走开；离去；（岁月）流逝；死去2.?私奔3.?（症状）消失
go by1.?时光流逝2.?顺便走访3.?判断
go for
1.?去找某人, 想得到…, 争取2.?攻击, 抨击3.?喜欢;被…所吸引;（更）喜欢某人（或某事物）4.?适用于某人（或某事物）5.?认为是, 看作, 用作6.?对某事物有兴趣；爱好
go off
1.?离开2.?私奔3.?睡着4.?消失5.?开始变坏, 变质6.?变差7.?开火；爆炸8.?（警报器等）突然发出巨响 9.?（电灯）熄灭；（电）中断；停止运行
go on
1.?向前走; 前进2.?继续做3.?进行4.?发生5.?上场6.?打开7.?过去, 消逝8.?（用于鼓励）来吧
go out
1.?走出, 出去; 出国2.?参加社交活动3.?被发出; 被发布, 被发行; 被传布4.?退下, 消退5.?熄灭; 停止运转6.?死去; 消逝; 失去知觉7.?辞职, 下台; 被淘汰8.?结束, 过完9.?不流行, 过时
go over
1.?留下印象，受欢迎2.?搁置起来，察看3.?翻, 转4.?走过去5.?转为6.?重温
go through
1.?检查, 审查, 搜查2.?完成, 做完3.?练习4.?遭受, 经受, 经历5.?穿过, 通过6.?用完, 用掉7.?看完8.?讨论9.?（法律、合同等正式）通过，接受，达成
go ahead
v. 1.?前进 vt. & vi.1.?走在前面；先走 2.? 发生；进行
go in for
1.?参加2.?从事, 致力于3.?喜欢, 爱好4.?支持, 赞成; 主张
go for a walk散步
come about1.?发生2.?改变方向
come across
1.?过来; 过访2.?被理解; 接受3.?吐露, 说出4.?偿还…; 被迫把…交出来5.?穿过, 越过6.?偶然发现, 偶然遇见7.?出现在脑海中, 留下印象
come back
1.?回来2.?记起, 回忆起3.?强烈反驳4.?〈非正〉重复说
come down
1.?倒塌, 被拆除2.?代代相传3.?败落, 社会地位降低4.?从大城市到小地方5.?患病, 病倒6.?(降)落到(某人)头上2.?下来, 下落 vi. 1.?崩塌；坍塌 2.?（价格、温度、比率等）下降，降低 3.?着陆；降落；从空中坠落 4.?决定并宣布（支持或反对）
come from
1.?来自某处2.?出生于3.?由…造成, 源自
come in
1.?进来, 进入; 来到, 到达2.?上市3.?(潮水)涨4.?当选; 就任; 上台5.?(天气)开始变得6.?（赛跑等比赛中）取得（名次）7.?（赛跑等比赛中）取得（名次）8.?参加讨论 9.?在…中起作用；参与 10.?到达；被收到11.?变时髦；时兴；流行 12.? 可提供；可利用13.?被推行；开始被采用
come on
1.?前进, 出击2.?随后跟上3.?开始工作4.?登台, 出场5.?开始; 来到6.?快点; 赶紧; 赶快7.?加油做; 振作起来8.?提出讨论, 审问9.?进步, 发展10.?偶然发现11.?（表示知道某人所说的话不正确）得了吧
come out
1.?出来2.?说出3.?可去掉4.?出狱; 获释5.?出现6.?开花7.?出版; 发表8.?显像9.?结果是…; 得出答案10.?拒绝工作, 罢工11.? 公开表明（同意或不同意）（经正式介绍）初入社交界
come to
1.?苏醒; 清醒2.?到达; 达成3.?共计4.?突然想起5.?涉及6.?停住;下锚 7.?被继承
come up
1.?上来; 走近2.?发生3.?升起; 长出来; 响起, 刮起4.?开庭5.?显露光泽, 开始发光6.?提到, 提及7.?在博彩游戏中指号码、名字、奖券等）被抽中，中奖 8.?即将发生（或出现、到来）
come up with
1.?追赶上2.?比得上, 赶上3.?想出, 提出4.?准备好(钱等)
come true实现, 成真
bring up
1.?把…带到楼上〔更高处〕2.?教育, 养育(孩子)3.?提及〔提出〕…4.?恶心; 呕吐(食物)5.?使突然停住
bring down
1.?把(某物, 某人)抬下(楼、山)2.?使(某物或某人)掉下〔倒下〕3.?击败…4.?降(价)
bring out
1.?取出(某物)2.?把…从室内搬出来, 带出来3.?呈出(某物); 使(某物)显现出来4.?使清楚; 使明显5.?出版, 生产(某物)6.?说出…
bring about
1.?使(船)掉转船头2.?造成, 引起〔导致〕(某事
bring back
1.?带回(某人或某物); 还回(某物)2.?回忆〔回顾, 回想起〕(往事)3.?使(某人)恢复(某状态)
bring on
1.?呈现…; 使出现2.?使发作3.?使发展, 进步
bring in
1.?把…拿进来, 带进来,引进2.?收获(庄稼等)3.?赚(钱), 挣(钱)
give away
1.?赠送; 赠予; 颁发;分发2.?泄露; 告发3.?失去;抛弃4.?(在婚礼仪式中)将新娘交给新郎
give back 1.?归还; 恢复2.?后退
give out
1.?分发; 散发2.?公布; 宣布3.?耗尽; 用完4.?停止起作用5.?停止运行；停止运转
give up
1.?放弃;投降， 认输; 猜不出2.?交出; 自首3.?宣布无法医治; 对…不抱希望4.?泄露
give in
1.?屈服; 投降; 让步2.?交; 上交; 递交; 呈送;呈交
give off发出; 放出; 散发出; 放射出
get away1.?离开, 脱身2.?逃掉
get along
1.?前进; 进行下去2.?离去, 走开3.?渐晚, 上年纪4.?继续生活; 活下去5.?进展; 进行6.?相处; 相处融洽
get back
1.?回来, 回家2.?回到…上来3.?退后4.?找回, 取回5.?报复, 向…报仇
get down
1.?使沮丧2.?下来; 下车3.?吞下, 咽下4.?写下; 记下5.?弯下, 跪下
get in
1.?收割, 收获2.?插话3.?到达4.?当选5.?被录取；被接受入学
get off
1.?离开; 动身2.?发出3.?(使)免受处分4.?(使)入睡5.?停止工作6.?记住; 背诵7.?下(车、马等)[来源:21世纪教育网]
get on
1.?继续2.?进行3.?变老; 变晚4.?上车, 上马5.?对付；应付；活下来；过活
get through
1.?穿过; 通过2.?到达目的地3.?读完; (使)理解; 消化4.?(用电话)接通某人5.?完成6.?用完, 花光7.?(测验)合格
get up
1.?(使)起床2.?站起来; (使)起立;起身;站起;起来3.?举起, 竖起, 递上, 搬上4.?使靠近; 行近5.?变得猛烈, 增加强度, 增加速度,（海浪、风等）增强,变猛烈6.?整理, 装饰; 打扮7.?安排; 准备; 组织; 筹划8.?学习, 研究; 记熟9.?激发, 激起
get over
1.?(使)渡过, (使)穿过2.?传送3.?做完…, 结束4.?走完5.?克服; 克制6.?从…中恢复过来7.?把...忘怀 8.?熬过
get across
1.?横过(马路、河等)2.?(使)被理解; (使)被接受3.?横过(马路、河等)4.?使生气, 触犯
put away
1.?收起来, 放好2.?储存 关押3.?打消, 放弃, 抛弃
put down
1.?放下2.?平定, 镇压, 取缔3.?记下, 写下4.?估计, 认为5.?归于6.?飞机或飞行员降落；着陆
put off
1.?延期,推迟;拖延2.?阻碍做某事3.?(停车)让某人下4.?使分心5.?关掉6.?敷衍, 推诿7.?脱去(衣、帽等)8.?丢弃, 摆脱[来源:21世纪教育网]
put on
1.?穿上, 戴上; 把…放在…上2.?上演, 演出; 展览3.?假装, 装出,夸大4.?增加; 增加(费用)5.?打开6.?做饭菜7.?装(船、火车、飞机)8.?押赌注9.?强使承担(责任等)10.?分配任务
put out
1.?伸出2.?扑灭; 熄灭3.?生产; 制造4.?出版; 发行; 发布5.?驶出, 离开6.?把…送到外面去做
put up
1.?举起; 抬起2.?建立; 竖起3.?张贴4.?投宿; 留宿5.?提高; 增加6.?提供7.?进行8.?提出9.?包装10.?供给...住宿
put up with忍受, 容忍
put on a performance演出
put on weight体重增加
turn up
1.?开大; 翻起2.?出现3.?（尤指失去后偶然）被发现，被找到
turn down 1.?减少; 关小2.?拒绝
turn in
1.?上交, 呈交2.?归还, 退还3.?上床睡觉4.?面向内，向内拐
turn out
1.?关灯2.?制造; 培养3.?结果是, 原来是4.? 向外 5.?出席（某项活动）；在场
turn off
1.?(把…)关掉2.?拐弯；转入另一条路3.?完成4.?不再听；不再想5.?解雇, 辞退
turn to
1.?(使)转向2.?(把注意力等)转向3.?翻书到4.?求助于5.?(使)变成
turn on
1.?打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）2.?(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋3.?发动
turn over
1.?(使)翻转; 调转2.?仔细考虑3.?移交; 交给4.? 变换（电视频道）
call for1.?去接(某人), 去取(某物)2.?需要3.?要求
call in
1.?叫(某人)进来; 来访2.?找〔请〕来3.?用电话通知; 打电话来（工作单位等）
call on1.?拜访(某人)2.?叫, 号召3.?要求, 请求
call at1.?到…进行短暂访问2.?停留
call off1.?把…叫走2.?取消; 停止3.?转移(某人的注意力等)4.?点名, 逐一念出
cut down
1.?把…砍倒〔割掉〕2.?裁短, 改小3.?减少, 降低4.?〈非正〉驳倒, 使逊色, 击败5.?砍〔杀〕死, 伤害
cut off
1.?剪〔切, 砍〕下2.?切〔隔〕断, 阻碍3.?迅速离开4.?(疾病等)使(人)死亡5.?不留遗产6.?切除
cut in1.?插嘴, 打断2.?突然插到…前面3.?干预4.?允许加入
cut up
1.?(布料等)裁得出2.?切碎, 切割开3.?砍伤, 使…受伤; 毁坏4.?恶作剧, 胡闹5.?对…吹毛求疵, 抨击6.?使悲痛, 使伤心
cut out
1.?剪下, 切去2.?裁剪; 劈开3.?停止, 戒除, 放弃4.?删掉, 省掉5.?取代, 击败6.?适合于, 天生是做…的
set down1.?(使)放下, (使)坐下2.?制定, 确定3.?降落4.?(叫…)下车5.?记下
set off1.?出发, 动身2.?(使)开始; 引起3.?点燃, 爆炸
set out1.?动身, 出发2.?着手, 开始3.?安排, 组织
set up1.?建立，建造, 创立, 竖立2.?准备; 安排3.?引起, 产生
set about1.?开始做(某事)2.?攻击, 抨击(某人)3.?〈非正〉散布(谣言)
set free?释放
set out to do着手做某事
die of1.?死于(疾病、过度悲伤等)2.?强烈地感受到21世纪教育网
die from?死于(某种原因, 不包括疾病、过度悲伤等)
die off1.?相继死去；先后死去2.?(温度)降下来
die out(指物种、家族、习惯、观念等)绝迹, 消失
die down变得越来越弱直到消失
die away1.?(尤指声音、光、风)逐渐消失, 停止2.?昏厥
add in加进去, 计算在内; 包括21世纪教育网
add to增加, 加强
add up
加起来, 总计, 积少成多2.?与应有的数量相符3.?〈口〉合乎情理, 有道理
add up to1.?总计达, 总共是2.?〈口〉等于; 意味着, 看来实际是…; 总起来说
agree with
1.?与某人〔观点〕一致, 同意〔赞同〕某人的意见2.?与…相符, 与…一致3.?(气候、食物等)适合于
agree to?同意, 赞成, 同意照办
agree on对某事〔物〕有同样看法, 商定〔同意〕某事, 商定做某事
hold back1.?阻碍, 阻止2.?控制; 抑制3.?隐瞒, 保留4.?犹豫不决
hold out
1.?伸出, 张开2.?拿出, 提出, 提供3.?顶住, 坚持4.?呈现5.?隐瞒, 保密6.?抵抗；幸存
hold up
1.?举起, 抬起, 拿起2.?支持, 支撑, 承受住,支持住,承受住,支撑得住3.?拦住, 使停顿, 耽搁4.?拦劫, 抢劫5.?举出, 提出6.?(天)继续晴下去, 放晴7.?(情况)良好
hold on
1.?等一等, 停一停2.?抓紧不放3.?（电话用语）别挂断，等一下 〈口〉别挂电话4.?（在困境或危险中）坚持住，挺住
hold on to?坚持
work out
1.?解决, 解答; 计算出2.?产生结果; 发展3.?锻炼4.?作出; 制订出5.?使筋疲力尽; 耗尽6.?了解某人的本质7.?在外当雇工
work up
1.?发展2.?引起, 激起3.?博得4.?精心制作, 详细制定5.?用光, 耗尽6.?增加, 加强
work as任…职, 当…
work for1.?受雇于2.?为…而工作
hand in1.?交上, 递交, 呈送2.?把…扶上车
hand on1.?转交, 转送, 传递2.?传下来, 传给下一代
hand up.?向上传递, 递上去2.?把…扶上去3.?上交, 呈交
hand out
1.?搀扶…出来2.?〈非正〉分发, 发给, 散发3.?提出4.?拿出, 取出5.?维持, 忍受6.?居住
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题动词讲练专题
对动词词义、动词短语的辨析以及动词搭配的考查一直是高考的热点。因此在一轮的复习中要注重对动词及短语的含义及引申义进行归纳总结；突出对其在具体的语境中意义选择的把握。
一、常考的十类动词及词组
1． 连系动词
特点：后面常接形容词或名词，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：21世纪教育网
(1) 变化类，表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come等。
(2) 感官类，表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look，sound等。
(3) 状态类，表事物所处的状态，如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。
(4) 外表特征类，表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。
2． 感官动词和使役动词
常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。
常考的使役动词有make, have, keep等。使役动词的主要考点是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作补足语，表达不同的含义。如：
He looked around and caught a man __________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A．put B．to be putting C．to put D．putting
【解析】 D　catch sb doing sth“发现、发觉某人做某事”，doing sth为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。可接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有：feel, hear, have, get, see, watch, notice, observe, find, keep, leave等。
3． 不用被动语态的动词及动词短语
英语中有些动词及短语可用其主动形式表达被动含义。
(1) 某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示主语的某种属性特征，不用被动。
这类动词有：sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。如：
This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.
这种布耐洗而且耐用。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. 父亲送给我作为生日礼物的钢笔书写很流畅。
Written in simple English, this article reads easily.
因为这篇文章是用简单的英语写的，所以读起来很容易。
(2) 某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义。
这类动词有：open(打开，营业)，close(关门)，shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。如：
This shop opens much earlier than it used to.
这家商店比过去开门更早了。
Each stone weighs two tons. 每块石头重达两吨。
(3) 某些不及物动词及词组，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。
这类动词及词组有：happen, occur, cost，come out(出版)，turn up(被找到)，come into being(产生)，come to one's mind(想起)，come into use(开始使用), turn out(证明是)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，belong to(属于)，come up(被提出), be worth(值得做), be to blame(受责备)等。如：
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. 第一批用作英语教学的外语教材出版于18世纪。
Suddenly an idea came to his mind.
他突然想到一个主意。
Who is to blame for breaking the vase?
打碎花瓶应由谁负责？
The problem finally came up at the meeting.
这个问题终于在会议上被提出来了。
Even the best theory can turn out (to be) wrong.
即使最好的理论都可能被证明是错误的。
(4) “主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式”句式中。
当形容词说明主语具有某种特征，主语又充当不定式的逻辑宾语时，其中不定式要用主动形式表达被动意义。常用于这一结构的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, expensive等。如：
The physics problem is easy to work out.
这道物理题很容易算出来。
A guide is expensive to employ.
雇用向导花钱很多。
This kind of fish is not fit to eat.
这种鱼不适合吃。
4． 接动名词作宾语的动词或词组
常见的有：avoid, can't help, can't stand, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, admit, appreciate, deny, forbid等。如：
The bird was lucky to escape being caught.
这只鸟幸运地逃离了被捕抓的命运。
He is always practicing playing the piano after school.
他经常放学后练习弹钢琴。
5． 接不定式作宾语的动词
常见的有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse，want等。如：21世纪教育网
He can't afford to buy such an expensive car.
他买不起这么贵的车。
Tom managed to cut down dozens of trees.
汤姆成功地砍倒数十棵数。
6． 表示 “需要”意义的动词
这类词既可直接接动名词，也可接不定式的被动语态，但两者均可表示被动含义。它们是：need, want, require等。如：Your sick mother needs looking after.＝Your sick mother needs to be looked after.你病弱的母亲需要照顾。
7． 接虚拟语气的动词
有些动词表示“应该(或命令、建议、要求等)”时，其后的宾语从句用should加动词原形，其中should常可省略。它们是：order, suggest, insist, advise, demand, request, require, propose等。如：
Our teacher requires this be done in no time.
我们老师要求这个立刻完成。
8． 表示“计划未能实现”的动词
此类动词常用过去完成式加不定式，或用过去式接不定式的完成式表虚拟语气，表达原来的计划未能实现。它们是：intend, mean, plan, hope, expect, think, want, suppose等。如：
I had meant to tell you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me.
They hoped to have stayed there a week, but they couldn't because of another important meeting.[来源:21世纪教育网]
9．现在表将来类
这类动词(词组)常用一般现在时或现在进行时表将来。它们是：come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take off等。如：
Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon.
你的飞机是下午二点一刻起飞。
10．带介词to的动词短语
带介词to的动词短语有：be (get) used to, lead to, devote…to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, adapt to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用v.- ing形式。
Peter suggested that Tom go there at once.
彼得建议汤姆立刻去那。
二、以动词为词源形成的常用动词短语[来源:21世纪教育网]
1. 以break为中心
break away from 脱离，逃离
break down 出故障，崩溃，粉碎，瓦解
break in 闯进，打断
break into 闯入；强行进入
break out 爆发，发生
break off 打断，断绝，折断； 突然终止
break through 突破；克服
break up 破碎；解散，分解；结束
2. 以bring为中心
bring about 导致，引起，促使
bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复
bring down 使下降，打垮，击落
bring forward 提出；提前
bring in 把……带进来；引进；挣得(收入)
bring on 导致，引起，使发展
bring out 使显现；出版
bring up 抚养，养育，培养
3. 以call为中心
call at 访问(某地)；停泊在
call away 叫走；把(注意力)转移开
call for 需要，要求；接(某人)，迎
call in 召集，收集；下令收回
call off 取消，下令停止
call on 要求，恭请；号召；拜访(某人)21世纪教育网
call out 下令罢工；召唤出动
call up 打电话给……；召集；使想起
4. 以carry为中心
carry away 冲走，带走；冲昏某人头脑
carry back 拿回，运回；使想起
carry off 成功地对付；获得(奖品)
carry on 坚持，继续，进行
carry out 贯彻，执行，实施
carry through 坚持到底，进行到底；履行(承诺)
5. 以come为中心
come about 发生
come across 偶尔发现；偶然遇到
come back 回来；恢复，复原
come off (头发、牙齿、纽扣)脱落，离开
come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展
come out 出来；发芽；出版；结果是；说出
come over 访问；突然感到
come round/around 苏醒；拜访；再次发生
come to an end 终止，结束
when it comes to… 就……而论，谈到
come to life 苏醒
come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来
come to oneself 恢复常态
come true 实现，成为现实
come up 走近；发生；发芽；(问题)被提出
6. 以cut为中心
cut away 切去，砍掉
cut down 砍倒，削减，缩短
cut off 切断，中断；阻碍，阻挡
cut out 切下，剪下，裁下；删去
cut through 开辟(出路等)
cut up 切碎，切掉；使悲伤
7. 以fall为中心
fall back 撤退，后退
fall behind 落后，落伍，落在后面21世纪教育网
fall down 不够好
fall in love with… 爱上……
fall into 陷入；养成
fall off 衰退，减少
fall over 被……绊倒
8. 以get为中心
get about 徘徊，走动；流传
get across 使被理解
get along 前进，进步；离去，相处
get around 走动；传播
get away 离开，逃脱
get back 取回，回来；报复
get down to 认真对待，静下心来
get out of 由……出来，从……得出；避免；放弃
get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成
get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱
get through 拨通；到达；完成；通过；及格
get up 起床，起立；忙于，从事
9. 以give为中心
give away 赠送；失去；泄露
give back 归还；使恢复
give in 屈服，让步，投降
give off 发出(烟、气味)
give out 分发；公布；发出；用完，耗尽
give up 放弃；停止
10. 以go为中心
go about 开始做某事；忙于某事
go across 度过，越过
go after 追逐，追求，跟随
go against 反对，不利于
go ahead 前进，进展，继续
go along with… 陪伴，和……一道走
go away 离开，走掉
go by 经过，过去
go for 支持，赞成；适用于，去(取、拿)
go off 走开；爆炸
go on 继续，接下去
go out 出去；熄灭；送出；播出
go over 温习，检查
go round 拜访；参观
go through 审查，履行；通过；经历，忍受
go too far 走得太远，做/说得太过火
go up 上升，上涨；攀登
go without 没有……也行
11. 以hold为中心
hold back 隐瞒；阻止；克制
hold down 压制；压低
hold on 坚持；等一等，别挂断
hold on to 抓住不放；不卖
hold out 伸出；提供机会
hold up 举起，竖起；支持住；延误，使耽搁
12. 以keep为中心
keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离
keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒
keep in mind 记住
keep off 不接近，远离；避免吃(或喝、吸)某物
keep out 使……不入内；不卷入
keep pace with… 跟上，同……步调一致
keep to 坚持；固守，遵守
keep up 继续；(天气)持续不变；保持，维持
keep up with… 赶上，跟上，与……并肩前进
13. 以lay为中心
lay aside 把……放在一边；留存备用
lay down 放下；规定
lay off (暂时)解雇；停止
lay out 铺开，展开
14. 以leave为中心
leave behind 留下，忘记携带； 超过；永久离开
leave out 省去，遗漏，不把……计算在内
leave off 停止；中断
leave over 留下，剩下
leave alone 不干涉，不打扰
15. 以look为中心21世纪教育网
look about 四下环顾；查看
look after 照顾，看管
look around 东张西望
look back 回顾，回头看
look back on/upon 回顾
look for 寻找；期待，期望
look down on/upon 俯视；轻视
look forward to 盼望，期待
look into 窥视；调查；浏览
look on/upon …as… 把……看作
look out 向外看；注意；当心，提防
look out for 当心，寻找，搜寻
look through 透过……看去；看穿；浏览
look up 查阅；仰视
look up to 仰慕，尊敬
16. 以pick为中心
pick off 去除；选择(目标)射击
pick out 精心挑出，辨别出
pick up 接(某人)，搭载；捡起；学会；(偶然)得到
17. 以pull为中心
pull apart 拉开，分开
pull away 开动
pull down 拉下，拉倒；拆毁；使(价格)下降；使扫兴
pull in (车船)抵达
pull off 短暂停车；获得成功
pull out 驶出，离开
pull through 克服困难；恢复
pull up 停止；训斥
18. 以put为中心
put aside 把……放在一边；搁置；积蓄，攒钱
put away 把……放好，把……收拾；储藏
put back 把……放回原处
put down 放下；镇压；记下
put an end to 结束，终止，废除
put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡
put in 安装；添上；打断
put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下
put on 上演；穿上；增加；开动
put one's heart into 全神贯注，专心致志
put out 熄灭，伸出，拿出
put through 完成；(电话用语)拨通；使穿过
put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；安排住宿
put up with 忍受，容忍
19. 以send为中心
send away 解雇；赶走，把……送往远处
send for 派人去叫(请、拿)
send off 发出，寄出；邮购，函购
send out 发出，散发
send up 发射；使上升；取笑
20. 以set为中心
set about (doing) 着手，开始
set an example to sb. 给某人树立榜样
set aside 留出；放在一边；暂不考虑
set back 使推迟；使花费
set down 放下，卸下；登记，记载
set free 释放(某人)
set off 出发；使爆炸；引起
set out 出发；发表；着手做某事
set up 建立，设立，开办；引发，产生
21. 以take为中心
take after 仿效，与……相似
take away 拿走，减去；消除
take back 收回，取消
take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎
take charge of 负责，主管
take down 取下；记下；拆毁
take in 留宿；欺骗；吸收；理解
take…into account/consideration 考虑，重视
take off 脱去，除去；起飞，起程
take on 呈现；雇佣；承担，担任
take one's place 代替
take out 拿出，取出；去除
take over 接管，接任；占上风
take part in 参与，参加
take place 发生；举行
take pride in 以……为荣，对……感到骄傲
22. 以think为中心
think about 考虑
think highly/well/much/a lot of 对……评价很高
think little/ill/nothing of 轻视，看不起
think of …as… 把……看作
think out 仔细考虑，想通
think through 想通；充分考虑
think up 想出；发明
23. 以throw为中心
throw at　 把……投向
throw away 丢弃，浪费；错失(机会)
throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事
throw out 逐出；否决；散发
throw up 呕吐；使显眼；匆匆建造
24. 以turn为中心
turn away 把……打发走，转脸不理睬
turn down 调小；驳回，拒绝考虑
turn off 关上；拐弯；使厌烦
turn on 打开；依靠，取决于；突然攻击
turn out 出席；证明是；向外；出现
turn over 翻转；转动
turn (a)round 旋转，转过身来
turn in 上交
turn to 转向，求助于
turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来
1． 【误】 He is listening the teacher carefully.
【正】 He is listening carefully.
【正】 He is listening to the teacher carefully.
【解析】学习实义动词，一定要分清楚这个动词属于及物动词还是不及物动词，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同的动词。
2． 【误】 The mixture is tasted terrible.
【正】 The mixture tastes terrible.
【解析】 连系动词后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如get, become, grow等)外，系动词不用于进行时态和被动结构。
3． After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.
A．set out　B．took over　C．took up　D．set up
【误】 B
【正】 C
【解析】 对高频短语take up的意思掌握不全面，不知道该短语除了表示“占用”之意外，还可以表示“开始从事……”。句意：简在医学院学了五年后，在乡村从事医生工作。set out“出发， 开始”；take over“接收， 接管”；take up“拿起， 开始从事”；set up“设立， 竖立”。根据题意选C。
1． [·全国卷Ⅰ] The workers __________ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.
A．carried B．delivered C．pressed D．packed
【解析】 D　考查动词词义辨析。句意为：工人们把眼镜打包，然后在每个箱子上贴上“此端朝上”。pack打包。
2． [·辽宁卷] The new movie ____________ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.
A．promises B．agrees C．pretends D．declines
【解析】 A　考查动词词义辨析。promise除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有……的希望”的意思；agree意为“同意，赞同”；pretend意为“假装”；decline意为“减少，衰退”。只有promise符合题意。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。
3． What the young man can't ________ is that his mum always treats him like a baby.
A．support B．undertake C．hold D．bear
【解析】 D　考查动词辨析。A意为“支持”；B意为“承担，担任，着手做”；C意为“握住，容纳”；D意为“容忍，忍受”。句意为：这个年轻人无法忍受的是他的母亲总是把他当个小孩来对待。根据题意可知应选D。
4． We want to rent a bus which can ________ 40 people for our trip to Beijing.
A．load B．hold C．fill D．support
【解析】 B　根据句意，此处需用表示“容纳，包含”的动词，只有B项符合。
5. The film Avatar will be on tonight but it's at 1：30 am. I don't want to ________ that late.
A．stay up B．show off C．put up D．get off
【解析】 A　考查动词短语辨析。stay up熬夜；show off炫耀，卖弄；put up举起，建起，张贴；get off下车，出发，脱掉。根据题干意思选A。
6． —How are you managing to do your business without a secretary?
—Well, I ________ somehow.
A．get along B．care about C．watch out D．set off
【解析】 A　考查动词短语辨析。get along(勉强)生活，工作下去；care about关注；watch out小心；set off出发。
7． I've ________ my umbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it.
A．forgot B．left C．remained D．lost
【解析】 B　根据句意，此处需用表示“遗漏，遗落”的动词，B项符合题意。
8． Don't let yourself be ________ into doing anything you don't want to do.
A．told B．made C．talked D．asked
【答案】 C
9． The designs of the few tools should be __________ carefully, so that we can pick out the one that best suits our job.
A．tried B．examined
C．experimented D．experienced
【答案】 B
10．He can't be at home now, for I saw him ___________ in the gym just now.
A．giving out B．working out
C．carrying out D．bringing out
【解析】 B　本题考查短语辨析。give out用完，分发；work out解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，生产。句意为：他现在不可能在家，刚才我还看到他在健身房锻炼。故B项正确。
11．—So Helen, are we going for that Chinese meal you promised me?
—Well，I kind of forgot to ________， so we'll have to do French.
A．consult B．order C．reserve D．confirm
【解析】 C　由答语的“so we'll have to do French”可以看出，这次吃不上上次承诺给对方的中国饭菜了，只有“我”忘了预定(reserve)可以讲得通。consult商讨，向……请教；order点餐(菜或饮料)；confirm证实；确定。
12．One primary goal of UNESCO is to ____________ modern knowledge societies in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.
A．make up B．polish up
C．build up D．take up
【解析】 C　考查动词短语辨析。build up建立；take up从事；polish up改善，润色；make up弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化妆。句意为：建立现代化的知识社会，让所有的人都能参与信息与知识，是联合国教科文组织的一个主要目标。
13．It's extremely dangerous for the drivers to ________　　 speed as the traffic lights are changing.
A．pull up B．put up C．rise up D．pick up
【解析】 D　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：对于司机来说在红绿灯变换时，加速是非常危险的。pull up停下来；put up建造，举起，提供……住宿；rise up起义，上升，为不及物动词词组。pick up“加速”，符合题意。
14．His guilty expression ________ my suspicion.
A．considered B．committed
C．confirmed D．convinced
【解析】 C　confirm证实，确认。句意为：他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。consider认为；考虑；commit犯罪；做……承诺；convince说服，使信服。
15．We complained to the travel agency about the horrible service during our trip, but no one has ________ by now.
A．responded B．advocated
C．recovered D．survived
【解析】 A　respond答复，回应；advocate主张；拥护；recover恢复，找回；survive幸存，生还。
1．(·山东淄博模拟)The headmaster will________a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.
A．deliver B．address
C．announce D．declare
解析：　句意为：今天下午校长将要对来访的外宾发表讲话。deliver 发表，deliver a speech 发表演讲。address sb.对某人讲话，对某人发表演说；announce 宣布，通告；declare 宣告，声明。
答案：　A
2．(·东北三校模拟)—I think I should wear a dress instead of this jeans.
—It’s just a small informal party，so you don’t have to________.
A．warm up B．put up
C．dress up D．keep up[21世纪教育网
解析：　句意为：——我觉得我应该穿礼服不能穿牛仔服。——这只是一个不太正式的小聚会，因此，你不必刻意打扮。dress up 穿上特殊服装，乔装，化妆。
答案：　C
3．(·山东临沂)If you keep practising your son in football，he ________to make a famous player.
A．wants B．hopes
C．promises D．wishes
解析：　句意为：如果你坚持对你儿子进行足球训练，他有希望成为一个著名的球员。promise 有前途，有……的可能。
答案：　C
4．(·山东烟台模拟)Newly-developed materials for spaceships can________extreme weather conditions.
A．hold B．support
C．stand D．compete
解析：　句意为：新研发的航空材料能经受极端天气条件的考验。stand 抵抗，抵御，经受，符合语境。
答案：　C
5．(·杭州模拟)Everyone in the village hoped that he would________after a few days’ treatment.
A．pick up B．come up
C．keep up D．make up
解析：　句意为：村里的每一个人都希望他能在几天的治疗后康复。pick up 好转，恢复；come up 走上前来，发芽，发生；keep up 保持；make up 编造，弥补，化装，构成。
答案：　A
6．(·山东枣庄调研)He didn’t ________what I said because his mind was on something else.
A．hold on B．hang on
C．take in D．get over
解析：　句意为：他没有理解我说的话，因为他刚才想别的呢。take in理解，领会；hold on 不挂断；hang on 坚持，不挂断，靠着，渴望；get over 爬过，克服，熬过，恢复。[来源:21世纪教育网]
答案：　C
7．(·3月济南模拟)Stella was disappointed to find her new plan________and fell into great depression.
A．put away B．carried out
C．turned down D．left out
解析：　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：Stella 看到她的计划被拒绝非常失望，难以振作。put away 收起来，放好；carry out 完成；turn down 拒绝；leave out 漏掉，忽略。
答案：　C
8．(·4月济南模拟)What the young man can’t________is that his mum always treats him like a baby.
A．support B．undertake
C．hold D．bear
解析：　考查动词辨析。bear 此处表示“忍受”；support 表示“支持”；undertake 表示“从事”；hold 则表示“容纳”。根据语意“那个年轻人无法容忍的是……”，选D项。
答案：　D
9．(·4月济南模拟)Internet shopping is really________when people are sure of its safety.
A．taking off B．taking up
C．setting off D．setting up
解析：　考查动词词组辨析。句意为：当人们确认了它的安全性之后，网络购物真的迅速流行起来。take off 表示“迅速流行”；take up 表示“从事，占据”；set off 表示“出发”；set up 表示“建造，建立”。根据语意选A项。
答案：　A
10．(·黑龙江检测)The girl nodded with a smile as if she had ________his mind.
A．read B．found
C．watched D．noticed
解析：　考查动词词义辨析。read one’s mind 是固定搭配，表示“读懂某人的心思”。
答案：　A
11．(·福建龙岩检测)She is working hard all day long，which will surely________her success in her future work.
A．result from B．contribute to
C．benefit from D．stick to
解析：　考查动词词组辨析。语意表示“她整天努力工作，这肯定会有助于她未来工作的成功”。这里contribute to 表示“导致，有助于”；result from 表示“因……发生”；benefit from表示“从……中获益”；stick to 则表示“坚持”。根据句意，选B项。
答案：　B
12．(·3月济南模拟)Thanks to the success of the business，we can________a flat this year.
A．make B．devote
C．remove D．afford
解析：　考查动词辨析。句意为：由于生意很好，今年我们能买得起房子了。afford 买得起，负担得起。
答案：　D
13．(·黑龙江检测)I didn’t like the soap opera at first，but when I started watching one，I immediately became ________it.
A．accustomed to B．addicted to
C．opposed to D．allergic to
解析：　考查动词词组辨析。句意为：我起初不喜欢肥皂剧，但看了一个后我马上就上瘾了。这里用become addicted to 表示“对……上瘾/入迷”；become accustomed to 表示“习惯于……”；become opposed to 表示“反对……”；become allergic to 则表示“对……过敏”。根据语意选B项。
答案：　B
14．(·海南五校联考)—Have you been________？
—Yeah.As a matter of fact，I’ve been going to the gym for half a year now.
A．carrying out B．turning out21世纪教育网
C．making out D．working out
解析：　考查动词短语。——你一直健身吗？——是的，事实上，我去健身房已有半年了。work out 有“(定期)锻炼，健身”的意思，符合题意。make out 应付，过；carry out 实施，执行；turn out 出席，在场。
答案：　D
15．(·南京第三次模拟)The idea of travelling abroad really________a lot of Chinese people.That’s why every year witnesses more people applying for passports.
A．takes to B．caters to
C．attends to D．appeals to
解析：　本题考查动词短语。根据题中的后一句可知，出国游吸引了很多中国人，因此选择appeal to(吸引)。cater to迎合，满足某人的要求；attend to 照看，处理；take to 开始喜欢。
答案：　D
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题动词讲练集
概述
主要涉及的考点有：常见动词及动词近义词辨析；及物动词常被误为不及物动词；特定语境中常见动词的基本用法和辨析：develop发展——冲洗；meet见面——满足；cover覆盖——涉及等；拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词有：hang(hanged绞死，hung悬挂)；lay(laid, laid)放置；lie(lied, lied)说慌；lie(lay, lain)平卧等。
热点1 几个常见的谓语动词
常见动词及其搭配是动词类的热点，非常值得注意。以下归纳几个常见动词，其目的就是要让考生在平时的学习过程中学会不断积累和总结。21世纪教育网
1.关于make
（1）make当“做、制造”解时，可跟双宾语，间接宾语用for 引导。如：
He’ll make me a kite.=He’ll make a kite for me.他将给我制作一个风筝。
（2）make通常与一些表示动作的名词连用。如：
① make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/
speech/report/face/plan/success/living/difference
②make an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect(影响）/apology…to sb
----have effect on sth
③ make preparations/room…for sb （make progress with~~在哪方面取得进步）
④ make one’s way/bread/ tea/ coffee/up one’s mind/no answer
(3)make作使役动词时,表示 “使…做某事、使…成为''，可跟复合结构，其中的宾补可以是：
①形容词：They are trying to make our country beautiful.他们在努力使我们国家变得美丽。
②名词：I would make you a star。我会使你成为一个明星。
③过去分词：What made him so frightened?什么使他如此害怕？
④省去to 的不定式：The boy made faces just to make the other students laugh.这个男孩做鬼脸只是为了使其他孩子发笑。
注意：make在被动语态中一定要接带to的不定式。
No one is ever made to be hero.没有天生的英雄。
[典例1]The regulations were made_____ children after the accidents.
A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. to be protected
解析 B 在句中因为make用的是被动语态，故其后一定要接带to的不定式，作主语补足语。
⑤构成：make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause使（做）某事成为……。
[典例2]The manager, ______it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us ,left the meeting room.(江西卷)
A. who has made B. having made
C. made D. making
解析：关于make用法的考查。根据句子结构分析可以判断，主句为：The manager left the meeting room.,中间的部分为分词短语作状语，且动作发生在主句left动作之前，而又并非现在完成时，故排除A。现在分词的完成式先于主句的谓语动词而发生，故选B。
（4）make作“制造、组成”时构成的词组，常使用被动语态。
①成品+be made of +原料（看得出原料）
②成品+be made from+原料（难看或看不出原料）
③原料+be made into+成品[来源:21世纪教育网]
④成品+be made by+执行者制造者
⑤成品+be made in+地点[来源:21世纪教育网]
⑥物体组织+be made up of +若干成份 "由......构成,组成的"
The group is made of five students. （组成）

The company is made up of ten departments. （构成）
[典例3] The old cottage can be______ temporary(临时的)houses.
A. made into B. made of
C. made by D. made in
解析A 此句句意为：这栋旧别墅可以改装成临时住宅。被动be made into符合句意。
（5）make构成的两个常用词组：
①make up(for)弥补，虚构，缝制，化妆，整理等。如：make up jokes编笑话；make up
a poem/a story/a song编诗歌/故事/歌曲。再如：21世纪教育网
They hurried on to make up for lost time.
他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。21世纪教育网
The boy made up a story; it was not true.
男孩儿编了个故事，这故事不是真的。
She made up her face to look prettier.
她化了妆以便看上去更漂亮些。
[典例4]Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and
______jokes.(江苏卷)
A. turning up B. putting up21世纪教育网
C. making up D. showing up
解析C 动词搭配与辨析。turn up 找到，发现，出现；put up 举起，抬起，进行；show up揭露，露出，露面。而make up jokes为“编笑话”，与句意吻合。
②make full/good/the best use of 充分利用。
We must make the best use of the fine weather.我们必须充分利用这好天气。
Let’s make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken English.让我们好好地利用这个机会来练习英语口语。
2.关于consider
（1）作“考虑”讲时，可跟名词/代词/从句或跟连接代词/副词+to do或跟动名词连用。
Have you considered how to get there?你考虑过如何去那里了吗？
He considered going to see them in prison.他考虑去监狱探试他们。
（2）作“认为……，把……当作”讲时，consider+宾语+宾补，作宾补的可以是名词/形容词/不定式（不定式完成式）。如：
I consider him to be a fool.我把他当作一个傻子看待。
（3）注意结构：consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth.
I consider it necessary to study English.我认为学英语很有必要。
（4）consider…(as)…表示“把（某人或某物）看作……”。如：
Most people considered him as a hero.多数人把他看成一个英雄。
[典例5] Many things_____ impossible in the past are common today.
A. considering B. to consider C. considered D. being considered
解析C 动词consider的非谓语考查形式。剖析其结构：Many things are common today.为主句。considered 是过去分词短语作定语修饰many things, impossible在被动语态中为主语补足语。适用于“consider+宾语+宾补”结构。故选C21世纪教育网21世纪教育网
3.关于keep
（1）keep用作及物动词，表示“使……继续处于某种状态”，其后的宾补可以是：
①现在分词 如：Don’t keep your mother waiting.别让你母亲再等。
②过去分词 如：His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered.他的衣服像是刚刚拖起来披盖在自己身上的。
③副词 如：This helps to keep the cold out.这有助于御寒。
④介词短语 如：He kept them in the classroom after school.放学后，他让他们呆在教室里。[来源:21世纪教育网]
⑤形容词 如：The nurses keep her very clean.护士们将她整理得非常整法。
(2)keep作系动词，意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。如：keep silent/quiet/cool/fit…
(3)keep doing 与keep on doing
①表示“决心、毅力、顽强意志力和强调动作的反复”时，多用keep on doing 。
如：Don’t give up hope, keep on trying.别放弃希望，要不断努力。
②表示持续状态常用keep doing 。如：
We’ve kept hoping to go to college. 我们一直希望上大学。
③keep/keep on一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。
如：常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/beginning/leaving 。
[典例6]Keep ______after meals, then you’ll be in good health.
A. walking B. sleeping C. standing D. sitting
解析 A keep doing的特殊用法。此种结构一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。而sleeping ,standing, sitting都是表示短暂性动作的动词。故选A。
（4）其它搭配
keep back 阻止，落在后面
keep…out (of)使……在外，不让……入内
keep away 不接近，避开
keep …from 阻止，抑制，避免于
keep off 让开，不接近
keep up 坚持，继续，保持，（斗争）不低落
keep up with跟上，赶上，不落后于
keep in touch with与……保持联络
[典例7]We read the newspaper every day to ______the present affairs.
A. keep up B. keep up with
C. catch up with D. keep in touch with
4.关于go
（1）go的过去分词形式gone多用作表语，意为“（人）不在了、走了”，“（物）丢了、用完了”，如：The necklace was gone.这条项链丢了。
Liu Mei is already gone.刘梅已经走了。
比较：He is already gone.(强调无目的)
He has gone.(强调有目的、方向)
（2）go 有“……说的”之意。常用于“the story goes…据说；as the saying goes正如格言所说”。如：As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如格言所说，“有志者，事竟成”。
[典例8]As a Chinese old saying______, “Good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.”
A. goes B. say C. is said D. is written
解析 A 与本词条中的含义吻合即用在谚语前表示“……说的、叫做”。
（3）go为终止性动词，不与表示时间段的状语连用。（见时态和语态专题）
（4）go to常与go to attend意义相同，多与一些表示活动的名词连用。如：
go to college/a meeting/an English party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lecture/a dinner…等。
（5）注意区别：
go on doing sth.继续做同一个动作
go on to do sth.做完一个接着干另一个
go on with sth.同一事件中断后又接着做
He went on speaking of his war experiences.他继续说着他的战争经历。
比较He went on to speak of his war experiences.(=He began speaking of them
after he had finished speaking of something else.)他做完了别的之后，又继续说他的战争经历。
They went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night.他们在一张空织布机上不停地工作直至深夜。
(6)其它搭配
go to rest/sleep/bed休息/睡觉
go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive…外出散步/骑车/游泳/洗澡/兜风
go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimming/walking…购物/钓鱼/射击/游泳/散步
go about着手做，从事21世纪教育网
go ahead 前进，进行
go all out for sth./to do sth.全力以赴
go in for sth.从事于，酷爱，参加
go over仔细检查，润色（文稿），复习
go through经历，经受
go up 上涨
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题动词语态详解
动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。?1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,? 2. 或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
被动语态结构：be + 过去分词(PP) + (by…)
在改写中应注意：
1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;
2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;
3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。
时态
被动语态结构
一般现在时21世纪教育网
?am/is/are done[来源:21世纪教育网]
?21世纪教育网
一般过去时
?was/were done21世纪教育网
?
现在进行时
?am/is/are being done
?[来源:21世纪教育网]
过去进行时
?was/were being done[来源:21世纪教育网]
?21世纪教育网
一般将来时
?
shall/will/be going to be done
?
过去将来时
?Would be done
现在完成时
?have/has been done21世纪教育网
?
过去完成时
?had been done
?
Eg.Some people attacked the towers.
??? S???????????? V????????? O
? The towers were? attacked by some people.
S?????????????? V
1)????? A car knocked him down yesterday.
-He was knocked down by a car yesterday．
2)Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team．
The medical team is made up of by two…．
3)When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree．
A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.
4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday．
The play will be put on next Sunday．
5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school．
A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school．
6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year．
The railway had been completed by the end of last year．
7)We should protect the earth．
The earth should be protected．
8)You need to paint the wall．
The wall needs to be painted．
几种特殊结构21世纪教育网
1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday．
I was given a gift on my birthday．
A gift was given to me on my birthday.
2.We often hear him play guitar．
He is often heard to play guitar
注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。
We should take care of the old people .
The old people should be taken care of.
以下为提高部分21世纪教育网
主动式表被动义
1。动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。?
read,write,sell,wash,clean, wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…
1.The books ____ well．
A. were sold?????? B. sell???? C. have sold??? D. are being sold
2.This kind of cloth ____ easily．
?A. has washed?????? B. was washed?? C. washes??????? D. is washed
2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。
difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…
1.The fish is not fit _to eat_(eat)．
2. We find English is hard _to learn_ (learn)．
3.The article is difficult__ to understand_ (understand).
3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。
1.I have a lot of homework ______(do)．
2.I’ll give him some books ______ (read)．
4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。
(look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,...)
The steel feels cold．21世纪教育网
5 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。
(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...)
The shop opens at 6 am. every day．
6. 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。
Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed
Exercise:
1.Newspapers are made __ paper. Paper is made __ wood.21世纪教育网
A.from/of????? B. of/from?? C. of/in????? D. in/from
2.A lot of new roads ___ built in the west of China.
must?????? B. must be? C. has????????? D. have
3.This dictionary mustn’t ____ from the library.
A.take away? B. taken away? C. are taken away? D. be taken away
4.My shoes ____ . I went out for a new pair.
A.is worn out? B. wore out? C. were worn off? D. were worn out
5.His car ___ tomorrow.
A.will be repaired? B. is repaired? C. is being repaired? D. has been repaired
6.When your homework ____ , we will go to play football.
A.is done?????? B. are done? C. had done? D. will be done
7.He asked me _______.
A.what the paper is used? ?????B. what the paper was used for
C. what was the paper made of ??D. what’s the paper used as
8.Three fourths of the information on the internet ___ in English.
A.am? B. is? C. are? D. be
9.English is widely used. Many business letters around the world ___ in it.
A.are written????? B. were written? C. are writing ?D. were writing
10.This pair of scissors ___ in China.
A.Make????? B. made?? C. is made ?D. are made
11.Three quarters of the messages _____ by telegraph.
Was sent? B. were sent ???C. Sent?????? D. send 21世纪教育网
12. In the past 10 years, China ____ up many man-made satellites.
A.has been sent? B. has sent? ?C. was sent????????? D. sent
13.They ___ to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.
asked?????? B. asking ??C. to ask????? D. were asked
14.We are always kept ____.[来源:21世纪教育网]
to smoking? B. on smoking? C. from smoking? D. off smoking
15.Nothing can stop us ___ English.
A.learn??????? B. learning?? C. learned? D. learns
16.Mary ___ some songs in her room in the morning.
A.heard sing? B. heard to sing? C. was heard sing? D. is heard to sing
17. Mary ___ an English song in her room last night.
A.was heard to sing ??B. is heard to sing ??C.was heard singing ?D. is heard singing21世纪教育网21世纪教育网
18. The guide said that the dinosaur eggs ____ about 95 million years ago.
lay??????? B. were lay? C. laid???? D. were laid
19. We found the ground ____ snow.
A.cover with ???????B. is covered with? C.was covered with? D. was covering with
20. The shop assistant showed a hat _____ red silk to us.
A.made from ????B. made of? C. was made of? D. was made from
21. We can find many pictures ____? by Xu Beihong in the museum.21世纪教育网
A.drawing? B. drawn? C. drew?????? D. to draw
22.Have these words _____ by us yesterday?
been learnt? B. learnt? C. learned??????? D. were learnt
23. Have you heard of a dinosaur _____ feathers?
A.was covered by? B. was covered with? C. covered with? D. covered by
24.About 500 cars ___ in the factory next month.
A.were produced? B. will be produced? C. will be made? D. have been produced
25.She ______ for 10 years.[来源:21世纪教育网]
A.has been marry? B. has married? C. has been married? D. have marry
26.The sentence “Thank you” ___ in our everyday life.
A.Often use? B. often use? C.is often used? D. are often used
27.Most business letters are ___ English.
A.Wrote by???? B. writing with? C. Written in? D. written by
28.The box is used __ sitting ___ a chair ___ Mike.
A.for,as, by????? B. by,for,of ???C. as,for,by???? D. for,by,as21世纪教育网
29.Middle school students ___ not to smoke.21世纪教育网
A.always tell? B. are told always? C. tell always? D. are always told
30.The room had better ____ this afternoon.
A.be cleaned? B. to be cleaned ???C. clean?????? D. to clean
31. Everyone knows that paper ____ in China.
A was made first???? B. at first was made? C. was made at first? D. was first made
32. He said that his teeth needed ____.
A.to be repaired? B. repair? C. repaired?????? D. to repair
?33.The idea seems good but it needs_____.
A.Trying on ?B. To try at?? C. To be tried out? D. Being tried
34. Tell me what _____ next.
A.to be finished ??B. Be finished?? ?C. To finish???? D. Finish
35. The dirty clothes ___ by his mother now.
are washed? B. are washing? C. were washed? D. are being washed
36.Tom !? You _____on the phone just now, but you _____in.
A.wanted , were???? B. are wanted , are ?C. were wanted , weren’t??? D. called , aren’t
参考答案：1-5 BBDDA????????????? 6-10 ABBAC
????????? 11-15 BBDCB??????????? 16-20 DCDCB
????????? 21-25 BACBC??????????? 26-30 CCADA
????????? 31-36 DACADC
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题情态动词综练
一、单项填空
1．—Why do you look so worried?
—My computer broke down and my essay ________ unfinished since.
A．was left B．has left C．left D．has been left
2．The way the guests ________ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.
A．treated B．were treated C．would treat D．would be treated
3．—Did you go somewhere on holiday?
—I ________ to go to Hawaii，but I didn’t sign up for the tour in time.21世纪教育网[来源:21世纪教育网]
A．would hope B．was hoped C．had hoped D．have hoped
4．—Mr.Wang got the first prize in the singing competition last week.
—Oh.That’s what he ________ for years.
A．had been expecting B．has expected21世纪教育网
C．expected D．has been expecting
5．—The food here is nice enough.
—My friend ________ me a right place.[来源:21世纪教育网]
A．introduces B．introduced C．had introduced D．was introducing
6．—I hear you have got married already.Is that right?
—So I have.Who ________ you this?
A．tells B．has told C．told D．had told
7．—What would you do if it ________ tomorrow?
—We have to carry it on，since we ________ everything ready.21世纪教育网
A．was to rain；will have got B．rains；have got
C．will rain；get D．is raining；had got
8．I ________ in a primary school for three years and now I teach in a senior school.
A．had taught B．have taught
C．have been teaching D．taught
9．—You looked very tired when I saw you yesterday evening.
—So I was.Because I ________ our house for a whole day.
A．had been cleaning B．have been cleaning C．am cleaning D．had cleaned
10．—Rose，I came to see you last night，but you were not in.Where were you?
—What time？I ________ my dog from seven to eight yesterday evening.
A．walked B．had walked C．would walk D．was walking[来源:21世纪教育网]
11．When talking with her，be careful that you ________ her feelings.
A．don’t hurt B．won’t hurt C．didn’t hurt D．hurt
12．—Have you worked out the troublesome problem yet?
—Yes.I ________ it out with the help of my wife after dinner.21世纪教育网
A．have worked B．worked C．had worked D．am working21世纪教育网
13．I don’ t know when he ________ back，but when he ________，I’ll let you know as soon as possible.
A．will come；comes B．comes；will come
C．will come；will come D．comes；comes21世纪教育网
14．—Do you happen to know the star’s telephone number?
—He ________ me his，but I’m afraid I ________ it.
A．has given；lost B．has given；have lost21世纪教育网
C．had given；had lost D．gave；have lost
15．—How long ________ the mobile phone?
—For five years.
A．have you had B．have you bought
C．had you had D．did you buy
16．I ________ with a foreigner，Mr.Green.I ________ with him in the People’s Park.
A．have talked；have talked B．had talked；had talked
C．talk；talked D．have talked；talked
17．I ________ for a whole hour and he ________ up yet.
A．have waited；hasn’t turned B．have been waiting；hasn’t turned
C．have been waiting；hasn’t been turning D．have waited；hasn’t been turning
18．—Mark broke his leg when he was playing football.21世纪教育网
—How long ago ________ that?
A．has been B．had been C．is D．was21世纪教育网21世纪教育网
19．The global economic crisis will continue until next year，when the situation ________ to improve.
A．is expected B．is expecting C．expects D．will be expected21世纪教育网
20．Every one of you must put every book where they ________ just now and leave immediately.
A．take away B .were taken away C．are taken away D．took away
二、阅读理解21世纪教育网
Over 70 percent of the “double single-child couples” in China need help from their parents in taking care of their own kids, according to a recent survey.
“Women of China” magazine and a consulting company carried out a survey recently on young couples of the “single-child” generation, the Morning Post reports. The couples surveyed were around 29 and have been married for three years on average, with university education and monthly income of 4,000 yuan ($531). Among them, 43.5 percent have kids.
Results show that 71.9 percent of the young couples have help from their parents in taking care of their kids.
Grown up as the “single-child”， the only child in a family since the family planning policy was adopted in 1979, this generation depends much on their parents.
The parents of the “single-child” generation focused more on their children’s physical well-being rather than their attitudes and values, according to some psychologists. [来源:21世纪教育网]
The research also found that the “double single-child couples” follow a rather traditional value system.
Survey shows that 27.5 percent of them got married after dating for one to two years, 25.2 percent two to five years, and 20 percent didn’t tie the knot until dating for five years. Also, 30 percent of the couples were schoolmates, while 43.8 percent were introduced by someone.
Since their marriages are based on enduring relationships, 65.2 percent of the husbands and 62.9 percent of the wives think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage. Meanwhile, 21.7 percent of the husbands and 37.1 percent of the wives support the idea that happiness is the key standard for a marriage.
1．The best title for the passage should be________.
A．Mom and Dad, Take Care of My Kid Please
B．Double Single-child Couples
C．The Problem of the Single Child21世纪教育网
D．A Recent Survey By Woman of China
2．Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?
A．The majority of the “double single-child couples” in China depend much on their parents.
B．The parents of the “single-child” generation more care about their study and education.
C．One-fifth of the couples surveyed didn’t get married until dating for five years.[来源:21世纪教育网]
D．All the couples surveyed have university education and 30 percent of them were schoolmates
3．Which of the following descriptions about “double single-child couples” is TRUE ?
A．They are single child in either family and independent of their parents.21世纪教育网
B．They are single child in either family and they are dependent on their parents.
C．They have at least two children and can afford to support themselves.21世纪教育网
D．They, who were introduced by someone, follow a rather traditional value system.
4．The traditional value system mentioned in the passage refers that________.
A．parents are concerned about their children’s physical life as well as the spiritual life
B．most couples were introduced by someone and made dating for a long time
C．once begun, double single-child couples’ marriage will last forever
D．the couples think that compromise and tolerance are necessary in their marriage
5．According to the passage, we can learn that ________ is necessary in marriage.
A．wealth B．health C．understanding D．education
答案
一、单项填空
1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A　 14．D 15．A 16．D 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．B
二、阅读理解
1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题非谓语动词精题
1．(·海淀区第二学期期中练习)The scientist was rewarded by the government for________such a great contribution to the country.
A．make B．making21世纪教育网
C．being made D．having made
解析：　考查非谓语动词。在介词for的后面要用动名词形式，在获奖前贡献已经做出了，所以要用其完成式。语意为：这位科学家因为为国家做出了巨大的贡献，得到了政府的奖励。
答案：　D21世纪教育网
2．(·杭州市教学检测)A powerful earthquake struck Haiti’s capital，________tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins.
A．left B．to leave
C．being left D．leaving
解析：　考查非谓语动词。从语意可知，海地首都发生强烈地震，造成了成千上万的人无家可归和被埋在废墟中，现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。[来源:21世纪教育网]
答案：　D
3．(·厦门市质量检查)When the minister came to the snow-stricken area，he was happy to see the disaster victims well________.
A．take care of B．took care of
C．taken care of D．taking care of
解析：　考查非谓语动词。从句子的结构和语意可以看出victims 与take care of 存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。21世纪教育网
答案：　C[来源:学科网]
4．(·海淀区期中练习)A few days after the interview I received a letter________my admission to the university.
A．offering B．offered
C．having offered D．to be offered
解析：　考查非谓语动词。offer 和其逻辑主语a letter 之间是主谓关系，所以要用现在分词表主动，相当于which offered。语意为：面试后的几天，我收到了这所大学录取我的信。21世纪教育网
答案：　A21世纪教育网21世纪教育网
5．(·苏锡常镇四市教学调查)Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year________against the severe natural disasters?
A．fighting B．to fight
C．fought D．fight21世纪教育网
解析：　考查固定句式的用法。“sb.have some difficulty in doing sth.”是固定句式，意思是“某人做某事有困难”，其中的介词in 可以省略。
答案：　A
6．(·东北三省四市联考)—How do you Chinese celebrate Mid-autumn Day?
—Well，it depends.For me，I usually sit in the yard，________the full moon with my family.
A．appreciating B．admiring
C．appreciated D．to admire
解析：　考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语admiring the full moon with my family 在句中作伴随状语，表示“我通常在中秋节坐在院子里和家人一起赏月”。空处动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，其表示的动作和句子的谓语动词的动作同时发生或紧接着发生，故用现在分词；appreciate “欣赏”不用于进行时，故选B。[21世纪教育网]
答案：　B
7．(·东北三校第一次联考)Cao Cao’s tomb is reported________in Anyang，which attracts nationwide attention.
A．being found B．to be found
C．having been found D．to have been found
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：据报道，安阳发现了曹操墓，引起了全国(民众)的关注。前半句是“It’s reported that Cao Cao’s tomb has been found in Anyang”的另外一种表达方式，表示该动作已经发生，所以用不定式的完成形式。
答案：　D
8．(·苏州一模)After suffering a heart attack，Michael Jackson was pronounced dead，________a tragic end to the world’s most popular entertainer.
A．marking B．to mark
C．marked D．having marked[21世纪教育网]
解析：　本题考查非谓语动词。根据语境知，迈克尔·杰克逊在心脏病突发后死去，这标志着世界上最受欢迎的艺人的悲惨结局。v.-ing在此作结果状语。
答案：　A21世纪教育网
9．(·哈尔滨检测)You can hardly imagine the efforts I have made________the goal.
A．to achieve B．of achieving
C．to of achieving D．to have achieved
解析：　本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：你简直无法想像我为了实现目标所付出的努力。动词不定式作目的状语，故A项正确。
答案：　A21世纪教育网
10．(·长沙二模)When I came in，I found Lucy________by the window________to music.[来源:21世纪教育网]
A．seated；listening B．seated；listened
C．seating；listened D．seating；listening
解析：　考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空用seated，相当于sitting；第二空用动词的-ing形式，表示主动。
答案：　A[来源:21世纪教育网]
11．(·南通一模)The county，________in the north of Shanxi，has a history of more than 1,400 years.
A．located B．to be located
C．being located D．locating
解析：　本题考查过去分词作定语。此处应用过去分词短语作定语，修饰The county，故选A。
答案：　A21世纪教育网
12．(·海淀第二学期期末)It was reported that 115 miners________in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled alive at last.
A．trapped B．being trapped
C．were trapped D．had trapped
解析：　考查非谓语动词。所填词作后置定语，逻辑主语是miners，而非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且表示的动作发生在过去，故用过去分词，选A。
答案：　A
13．(·西城5月)China is known________greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.
A．to change B．having changed
C．changing D．to have changed
解析：　be known to 为……所熟知，而改变是已发生的事实，故用现在完成时形式。
答案：　D
14．(·南京第三次模拟)________from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.
A．Having not fully recovered
B．Being not fully recovered
C．Not having fully recovered21世纪教育网
D．Not fully recovering
解析：　本题考查非谓语动词。the patient 与recover 间为主谓关系，且recover 这个动作发生在was advised 之前，因此要用现在分词的完成式，且否定词not 要放在分词的前面，因此答案为C。[来源:21世纪教育网]
答案：　C
15．(·杭州市第二次教学检测)—Be careful！Don’t forget you are on a ladder.[来源:21世纪教育网]
—But you are holding it for me，nothing________.
A．worry about B．to worry about
C．is worried about D．worrying about
解析：　考查非谓语动词。句意为：——小心点。别忘了你在梯子上。——但是你扶着呢，没什么可担心的。不定式to worry about 作后置定语。
答案：　B21世纪教育网
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选资料动词不定式用法
基本形式是to do，否定式是在前面加not，即not to do。我经常以不同的身份出现在许多场合，在句中我可以充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等各种句子成分，一起来看看吧！
1. 不定式作主语。例如：To learn is my duty. 学习是我的责任。作主语的不定式较长时，常用it作形式主语，而动词不定式作真正的主语。如：21世纪教育网
It’s my duty to look after the babies. 照看那些婴儿是我的职责。
【注意 】句中不定式需要有逻辑主语时，常用for+名词(或代词) +不定式，构成不定式的复合结构。如： It’s hard for him to finish this work. 对他来说完成这项工作很难。
2.不定式作宾语。例如：I want to visit my old friend. 我想去探望我的老朋友。
3.不定式作宾语补足语。例如：He asked me to open the door. 他叫我打开门。21世纪教育网
【注意】 当句中的谓语动词为使役动词（make, let等）或感官动词（see,watch,hear等）时，作宾语补足语的不定式需省略to，但在被动语态中不能省略。如：
I saw him go into the house. 我看见他走进了那座房子。
He was seen to go into the house. 他被看到走进了那座房子。
4. 不定式作定语。不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。　
【注意 】不定式与它所修饰的词之间往往有“动宾关系”，这就要求不定式中的动词是及物动词或不及物动词后加介词。例如：
Give me some paper to write on. 请给我一些写字的纸。
We have two questions to talk about. 我们有两个问题要讨论。
She has no room to live in. 她没有房子可住。
5. 不定式作表语。不定式可以放在be动词后面形成表语。例如：
She doesn’t seem to like the idea. 她似乎不喜欢这个主意。
My wish is to fly into space. 我的理想是飞入太空。[来源:21世纪教育网]
6. 不定式作状语。不定式作状语主要用来表示行为的目的。例如：
He went to the shop to buy some books. 他去商店买了几本书。
【注意 】为了强调目的还可以用in order (not) to do结构。如：
We must work hard (in order) to learn English well. 为了学好英语我们必须努力学习。
7. “疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问词who, which, what, when, where, how等与不定式连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如：
When to start has not been decided. 何时动身还未决定。（作主语） 21世纪教育网
I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪里。（作宾语）
The question is how to use the machine. 问题是怎么使用这个机器。（作表语）
实战演练：
1. — What should I do, doctor?
— ______ healthy, you should take more exercise.
A. Keep B. Keeping
C. To keep D. Having kept21世纪教育网
2. — My dad bought me a new MP4, but I don’t
know ______.
— Let’s read the instructions.
A. what to use B. which one to use
C. how to use it D. when to use it21世纪教育网
3. — The lady tried ______ away from the bad man.
A. ran B. to run C. runs D. run[来源:21世纪教育网]
4. — Will you please show me how to do the roll-21世纪教育网
play exercise?
— Sure. Now let me tell you ______ first.
A. which to do B. where to do21世纪教育网
C. when to do D. what to do
5. — There goes the bell.
— It’s time for class. Let’s stop ______.
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. not talks21世纪教育网
6. — My parents always tell me ______ others late
at night.
— They’re right. It’s not polite.
A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call
7. — Linda, I’m very thirsty.
— Let’s go to the nearest supermarket ______
some drinks, OK?
A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying
8. Alice asked me ______ another bag for her.
A. get B. got C. to get D. getting21世纪教育网
9． Who was the first one ______?
A． to reach B. to arrive
C． to get to D． to arrive at
10. The young man was often seen ______ by the
lake.
A． to draw B． to drawing
C. draw D． drew
Key：
1-5CCBDC 6-10 DCCBA21世纪教育网
第1关 热身体验[来源:21世纪教育网]
I. 判断下列句子中画线部分作什么句子成分。
1. It’s a good habit to have breakfast every day.
2. Mr Black said he had an important meeting to attend.[来源:21世纪教育网]
3. Taotao decided to go abroad for education.
4. What I can do now is to cook for my mother because she is ill.21世纪教育网
5. He returned home to find his friend waiting for him.
6. The old man sat down to have a rest.
7. Who taught you to play the guitar?
8. The room is not big enough to live in.
II. 同义句转换。
The girl is so short that she can’t reach the apple on the table.
①The girl is ______ short ______ ______ the apple on the table.
②The girl is not ______ _______ ______ ______ the apple on the table.21世纪教育网
第2关 融会贯通
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时，动词不定式可与它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1. 作主语 作主语用的动词不定式常常用it替代，动词不定式（或短语）则被替换到后面。如：It’s easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo. 在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。
2. 作表语 如：The old man’s job is to take care of the flowers in the garden. 这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。
3. 作宾语 如：Indians like to eat hot food. 印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。 21世纪教育网
【特别提示】有的动词不定式在作带有宾语补足语的宾语时，前面往往带有形式宾语it。如：I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。
4. 作宾语补足语 如：Please ask John to turn on the light. 请让约翰打开灯。
5. 作定语 动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。如：
?New York is a nice place to visit. 纽约是个游览的好地方。21世纪教育网
6. 作状语
? (1) 表目的如：To catch the early bus, I got up early this morning. 为了赶上早班车，我今天早晨早早就起床了。
? (2) 表结果 不定式作结果状语从句的句型有两种：21世纪教育网
① too + 形容词/副词 + to do sth. 如：The Dead Sea is too salty to swim. 死海的水太咸了，难以游泳。
② enough + 名词 + to do sth.或形容词 / 副词 + enough to do sth. 如：There is just enough time to catch the train. 赶这班火车，时间正好够。
Key:
I. 1. 主语 2. 定语 3. 宾语 4. 表语5. 结果状语6. 目的状语 7. 宾语补足语
8. 状语 [来源:21世纪教育网]
II. ① too; to reach ② tall enough to reach
2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选资料语法专题虚拟语气
1、虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用：
21世纪教育网
从句
主句
例句
现在
did / were
should / would / could / might do
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
如果我有时间的话，我就去开会。
过去
had done
should / would / could / might have done
If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.
如果他快点的话，他就能赶上火车了。21世纪教育网
将来
①did / were
②were to do③should do21世纪教育网
should / would / could / might do
If it should/were to rain tomorrow, we would call off the match.
如果明天下雨的话，我们将取消比赛。
练习：
①If it were Sunday today, I ________ go to school.
shan’t B.would not 21世纪教育网
C.can’t D.won’t
②If he ________ here, he would agree with you.
was B.is 21世纪教育网
C.were D.will be
◆关于“主将从现”的问题：
“在时间、条件状语从句中，如果主句中是一般将来时，从句中则用一般现在时。”
从句 主句
一般现在时---------------------------一般将来时
一般过去时---------------------------过去将来时
现在完成时---------------------------将来完成时
ΔIf you ______, I _______ you up at the station.
will come; will pick B.came; will pick
C.will come; pick D.come; pick
助动词------will do（一般将来时）21世纪教育网
will
情态动词“意愿”----will do“愿意做....”
◆关于“倒装”的问题：21世纪教育网
“从句中省略if，要使用半倒装的结构，即把should / had / were提到从句的主语之前。”
If I were you, I would go at once.
如果我是你的话，我立刻就离开。
→Were I you, I would go at once.
If he had hurried, he could have caught the early bus.21世纪教育网
如果他快点的话，他就能赶上早班车的。
→Had he hurried, he could have caught the early bus.
◆关于“主、从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致”的问题：
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.
如果你听从我的建议的话，你现在就会痊愈了。
If you had studied hard before, you would be a collage student now.
如果以前你努力学习的话，你现在就是一名大学生了。
2、表示“建议、命令、要求”的词：
一个“坚持”-------insist
两个“命令”-------order / command
+宾语从句-------（should）do......
三个“建议”-------advise / suggest / propose
四个“要求”-------require / request / demand / desire
①The doctor ordered that the patient （should）be sent to the hospital without delay.
医生命令病人应该一刻也不耽误地送往医院。
②They demanded that the black people （should）be treated as well as white people.
他们要求黑人应该和白人受到一样的待遇。
idea / order
suggestion21世纪教育网
相应的名词形式 advice / demand +that.....（表语/同位语从句）-----（should）do.....
requirement
request
①His suggestion that we （should）go to London is nice.
他建议我们去伦敦，真是好极了。
②His suggestion is that the meeting （should）be put off.
他的建议事会议延后。
③My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.
我想我们应该仔细考虑后才能接受。[来源:21世纪教育网]21世纪教育网
suggested
demanded
主语从句：It is required +that....（should）do.....
requested
desired
①It is suggested that the meeting （should）be put off.[来源:21世纪教育网]
有人建议会议应该推迟。
②It is advised that we （should）think it over and over again before we do it.
有人建议我们在做事之前应该仔细考虑。
“坚持说；坚持认为”+that....（不再虚拟）
insist
“坚决要求”+that....（虚拟）
特殊情况
“表明；暗示”+that....（不再虚拟）
suggest
“建议”+that....（虚拟）
①He insisted that he had never stolen anything.
他坚持说他从来没有偷过东西。
②I insisted that you give me my money back.
我坚决要求你把钱还我。
③His smile suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。
④He suggested that we (should) start off at once.
他建议我们马上出发。
strange / natural / necessary
①It is + adj. that .....（should）do.... important / impossible
urgent / essential
3、主语从句
a pity
②It is + n. that.....（should）do..... a shame
no wonder“难怪”
①It is necessary that he listen to the radio frequently.
他很有必要经常听收音机。
②It is a pity that he should fall off his bicycle.
很遗憾，他竟然从自行车上摔下来了。
did / were....（表示现在不可能实现的愿望）
4、wish that... had done......（表示过去不可能实现的愿望）
should / would / could / might do.....（表示将来不可能实现的愿望）
①I wish I knew everything in the world.
要是我什么都懂就好了。
②We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
要是我们早到两个小时就好了。
③I wish we could go to the seaside someday.[来源:21世纪教育网]
我希望有一天我们能够去海边。
did / were.....（现在/将来）
5、would rather / prefer that.....
had done.................（过去）
①Don’t always make noise. I’d rather / prefer you kept silent.21世纪教育网
不要总是吵闹，我宁愿你保持沉默。
②I would rather / prefer I hadn’t told him the bad news.
我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。21世纪教育网
did........
6、It is （high / about）time that.....
should do......
①It is time that the boy should go to school.
这个孩子该上学了。
②It is high time that the weather improved.
天气真该好起来了。
did / were........（现在/将来）
7、If only..........
had done...........（过去）
①If only I were a flying bird!要是我是只飞鸟就好了！
②If only I had seen the film！要是我看过这部电影就好了！
....in case / lest
....for fear that
8、 could / should / might / would do.....[21世纪教育网]
....in order that
....so that.....
①She called him lest he should go out.
她给他打电话以防他出去。
②They left early for fear that they would meet him.
他们很早动身以免和他见面。
③They removed the prisoner in order that he would not disturb the proceedings any further.
他们把犯人带走以防他干扰审讯的进行。
...with...
...without...
...but for... would / could / should / might have done
9、 ，+.....
...under... would / could / should / might do [来源:21世纪教育网]
...or....
...otherwise....
①But for the storm, I would have arrived much earlier.
要不是那场暴雨，我早就到了。
②Without your help, I wouldn’t have passed the driving test.
没有你的帮助，我就不会通过驾照考试。
（现在）-------did / were
（过去）-------had done
10、....as if / as though.....[来源:21世纪教育网]
did / were
（将来）------- were to do sth.
should do sth.[来源:21世纪教育网]
练习：[来源:21世纪教育网]
35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been