2022届高考英语二轮复习：非谓语精讲3（分词）学案（含答案）

非谓语精讲3——分词
现在分词
基本形式
现在分词 do
主动语态 被动语态(及物动词)
一般式
完成时
【Keys】
一般式 doing being done
完成时 having done having been done
句法功能
用法 例句 注意事项
表语 The film is moving. The glass is broken. I’m interested in the interesting story. surprise, excite, disappoint, interest, move, inspire等，-ing形式常修饰物，表“令人..”，-ed常修饰人，表“感到…” Falling / fallen leaves; developing / developed country; boiling/boiled water; rising/risen sun等词组中，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成 单个分词作定语，在前，分词短语在后
定语 The sleeping boy is my son. A rolling stone gathers no moss.(滚石不生苔) The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library.
状语 Walking along the street, I came across my old friend. (时间) Having finished my homework, I went out for a walk. (原因) He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随) He came running to tell me the good news. (方式) When comparing the two languages, they find a lot of differences between them. (时间) 分词作状语，逻辑主语需与主句一致。 现在分词所表示的动作在主句之前发生用having done的形式；同时或紧紧相连用一般式doing。 当分词短语语义不清时，往往把连词while, when, if,等保留，但表原因连词除外。
补语 I smell something burning. I found him reading a book. I heard him singing the song. 注意：feel, hear, listen to, have, notice, watch等接do作宾补指看到动作全过程，接doing指看动作正在进行。
从句与现在分词短语的互换
例句 备注
Do you know the woman who is holding an umbrella = Do you know the woman holding an umbrella 关系代词在定语中作主语，从句中谓语动词又有be, 可以把关系代词和be省略掉
I can’t find the road that leads to the temple. =I can’t find the road leading to the temple. There are many people who live in that village. =There are many people living in that village. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语，从句中谓语动词虽然没有be，但表示的是“经常性、习惯性”的动作，可以把关系代词省掉，把从句中的动词变成现在分词。
注意： The man who came yesterday is Mr. Wang. 此句中不可把从句变成分词形式，因为“来”不是个“一时性、习惯性”的动作； having done的形式从不做定语。 与动名词作定语比较：动名词做定语表示一种性质、用途，如a swimming pool
随堂练习
I. Read the sentences and pointing out the syntactic function in the sentence.
1. I noticed an old man fishing by the river. (补语)
2 .He questions being discussed are very important. (定语)
3. Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out with no delay. (时间状语)
4. Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. (原因状语)
5. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. (伴随状语)
6. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间状语)
7. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. (结果状语)
8. Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. (原因状语)
9. He is the man teaching me English. (定语)
10. Do you hear someone knocking at the door (补语)
II. Choose the best answer for the following questions.
Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
Finding her car stolen, ________.
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
While building a tunnel through the mountain, ________.
A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground D. the workers discovered an underground lake
________ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
We’re ________ to listen to her ________ voice. It’s ________ to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
________ a post office, I stopped ________ some stamps.
A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy
Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing
________ a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.
A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved
The students came into the classroom ________ their teacher.
A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed
The result of the test was rather ________.
A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint
________ with small stores in the neighborhood, we find that supermarkets offer residents a wider choice of goods.
A. Compared B. Comparing C. Having compared D. Being compared
With the local guide ________ the way, we have no trouble walking out of the jungle.
A. leading B. having led C. led D. being led
________ yourself by taking a shower, since you had such a long and tiring journey.
Refreshing B. Refreshed C. To refresh D. Refresh
【Keys】1-15 CADDA ABBDD ABBAD
III Translation
从他在求职面试中的表现判断，他能胜任这个职务。(qualifieD.
一场涉及十多辆汽车的交通事故就发生在你现在站着的公路上。(occur)
你能为蔓延在野生动物中的奇怪疾病提供解释吗？(offer)
发现学生们下午昏昏欲睡的样子，老师竭尽所能来激发他们的兴趣。(arouse)
听到他被大学录取的消息，所有在场的同学们欢呼雀跃。(present adj.)
在我看来，与西方人相比，中国人似乎更擅长于理财。(compareD.
【Keys】
Judging from his performance in the job interview, he is qualified for the post.
A traffic accident involving over ten vehicles occurred on the highway where you are standing.
Can you offer any explanation for this strange disease spreading among wild animals
Finding the students sleepy in the afternoon, the teacher tried his best to arouse their interest.
Hearing the news that he was admitted to/into university, all the students present jumped with joy.
In my opinion, Chinese people seem to be better at handling money compared with the westerners.
过去分词
过去分词只有一种形式——done
分词句法功能： 分词在句中可做表语、补语、定语、状语；分词有动词特征，有形容词和副词的功能。现在分词有主动意义，及物动词的过去分词有被动意义，表示已发生的事。
一、过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
【答案】D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被 动，相当于定语从句 which is written
2) What's the language________ in Germany
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
【答案】B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German
二、过去分词作状语
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
典型例题
1) ________ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
【答案】B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by(被…跟随)。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2) There was a terrible noise ________ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
【答案】B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
3) ________, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
【答案】C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated。
【注意】： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看分词逻辑主语。如分词的逻辑主语和分词之间是主动关系，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
E.g. used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
三、过去分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：
I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。
I'll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
四、过去分词作表语
现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行
过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成
She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。
五、过去分词的表被动
1)通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…)他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人
a much-travelled may一个去过许多地方的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
随堂练习
1. 选择
1. _______ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.
A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving
2. Soon, Americans hope, the rains will return and ease the hardship _______ U.S. farmers.
A. faced B. faces C. facing D. to face
3. _______ for many years, the writer suddenly became famous.
A. Having ignored him B. To be ignored
C. To have been ignored D. Having been ignored
4. _______ with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces.
A. Dissatisfying thoroughly B. Being thoroughly dissatisfied
C. To dissatisfy thoroughly D. To be thoroughly dissatisfied
5. The children went there to watch the iron tower _______.
A. to erect B. be erected C. erecting D. being erected
6. The computer works very fast, _______ data at the speed of light.
A. having handled B. handling C. handled D. handles
7. While _______ the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.
A. having orbited B. being orbited C. having been orbited D. orbiting
8. This programmer will examine the writer’s books in detail, _______ an introduction to her life.
A. following B. having followed C. being followed D. to be followed
9. _______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed
10. John often attends public lectures at the University of Oxford, chiefly _______ his English.
A. to improve B. improving C. to have improved D. improved
11. _______ in a seemingly endless war, the general was forced to evaluate the situation again.
A. Since the loss of 50,000 soldiers B. Because of 50,000 soldiers having lost
C. Having lost over 50,000 soldiers D. 50,000 soldiers were lost
12. After _______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A. being interviewed B. interviewed C. interviewing D. having interviewed
13. He wasn't appointed chairman of the committee, _______ not very popular with all its members. 　　
A. to be considered　　 B. considering　　 C. being considered 　 D. having considered
14. This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _______ both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. 　　
A. being B. been C. to be D. having been
15. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _______.
A. to correct B. correcting C. having corrected D. being corrected
16. When I caught him _______ I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.
A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating
17. Your hair wants _______. You'd better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
18. His remarks left me _______ about his real purpose. 　　
A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering
19. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _______ in Cuba.
A. being cultivated B. been cultivated C. having cultivated D. cultivating
20. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy _______ housework as carrying water and firewood.
A. time-consumed B. timely-consumed C. time-consuming D. timely-consuming
【Keys】1-20 BCDBD BDCBA CACAD ACDAD
2. 语法填空(时态语态、非谓语填空)
Mother’s love
One day a two-year-old boy ____1____to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grasp on the bottle and it fell, ____2____ (spill) its contents all over the kitchen floor -- a sea of milk!
____3____ (see) all this, his mother, instead of yelling at him or ____4____ (punish) him, said, “Robert, what a wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. You know, Robert, whenever a mess like this is made, eventually it has to be cleaned up and everything restored to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that We could use a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer ” He chose the towel and together they cleaned up the ____5____ (spill )milk.
His mother then said, “Robert, what we had here was a ____6____ (fail) experiment in how to effectively carry a milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out to the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if the bottle ____7____ (grasp) at the top near the lip with both his hands, it could be carried without ____8____ (drop). What a wonderful lesson!
At that moment the little boy came ____9____ (understand) he didn’t need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new.
Today, the boy is an outstanding scientist who ____10____ (make) several important medical breakthroughs.
【Keys】1.had been trying 2.spilling 3.Seeing 4. punishing 5.spilt 6.failed 7.was grasped 8. being dropped 9. to understand 10. has made
3. 翻译下面句子。(用过去分词翻译下列句子)
1. 他穿着黑色的燕尾服出现在舞台上，看上去真像一个音乐指挥。(Dress…)
2. 成立于50年代，我们的公司在产品质量和售后服务方面享有良好的声誉。(Establish …)
3. 深夜听到有人从窗前走过，他害怕地用被子蒙住了头。(hear)
4. 左撇子只是有些人天生的行为方式，因此我们决不能歧视他们。(look down)
【Keys】
1. Dressed in a long black-tailed coat, he appeared on the stage like a real conductor.
2. Established in the 1950s, our company enjoyed a good reputation for its quality products and after-sale service.
3. Hearing someone walking by/past the window deep at night, he covered himself with the quilt in fright.
4. Being left-handed is just the way of behavior that some people were born with, so we mustn’t look down on them.