2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句精讲1（限制性定语从句）学案（含答案）

定语从句精讲1——限制性定语从句
Ⅰ.定语从句思维导图
概念
限制性定语从句
分类
非限制性定语从句
先行词
定语从句 两要素 _________
关系词
_________
指物时关系代词that/which区别
重要考点 介词+关系代词
抽象化的时间、地点名词
关系代词，关系副词
Ⅱ.定语从句概念及相关术语
概念：在复合句中，用一个主谓结构的陈述句修饰某一个 或 的句子叫做定 语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫________，引导定语从句的词叫________。定语从句的位置一般是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。
名词，代词，先行词，关系词，
2. 相关术语：
(1)定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后
(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词(因为它“先”于定语从句出现)
　 　(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词(分为关系代词和关系副词两种)
(4)限制性定语从句(缺了定语从句，先行词会变得游离不定或所指不明)
(5)非限制性定语从句(缺之不会影响到先行词的指代，有之则信息更多)
III. 限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句引导词 - 关系代词
先行词 在从句中担任的成分 关系词语
人 主 1.
人 宾 2.
物 主 3.
物 宾 4.
人，物 主/宾 5.
人，物 定语 6.
人，物 表语 7.
【Keys】1. who,that,as 2.who,whom,that,as 3.that,which,as 4.that,which,as
5. that,as 6.whose 7. as
练习：
用限制性定语从句的关系代词填空
(1.) The girl I met is so beautiful.
(2.) A rocket is a machine ________can fly into the space.
(3.) This is the place I visited last year.
(4.) This is a book tells about China.
(5.) The book you lent me last week is interesting.
(6.) The room door is red is mine.
【Keys】(1)who/that/whom/ / (2) which (3) which/that/ / (4)which/that (5) which/that/ /
(6) whose
限制性定语从句关系代词的用法区别
(1.)who, whose, whom 引导的限制性定语从句
<1>who，whom的区别
它们的先行词都是人，who在从句中用作主语，whom在从句中用作宾语。who通常在非正式情况下可以替换whom。但在以下情况中who不可以替代whom。who, whom在从句中，不跟在介词后做宾语时，可以省略。
例如:
He is one of the greatest singers for _____ Mr. Zhang writes lyrics.
总结：在非限制性定语从句中，____________________________,who不可以代替whom做宾语。且，此时的whom不可以省略。
【Keys】若关系代替指代先行词在从句中跟在介词后做介词的宾语
(2.) who, whom和whose的区别
who与whom在从句中做_____和_______，而whose在从句中做______。
who与whom的先行词只能是______,而whose _____________ 。
练习：
<1> The house _____ roof was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.
A. whose B. who C. whom
<2>________ speech we heard in the radio broadcast is an advanced worker.
A. whose B. the one whose C. whom
【Keys】<1>A,<2> B
(3.)who, whom, that的区别
who与that在从句中做_____和_______ 。
who与that在从句中都不可以跟介词后替代whom做_______。
who与whom的先行词只能是______,而that _____________ 。
先行词是those，且只指代人时，不用_____,只用______。
练习：
<1> I remember the factory and workers _____ we visit last year.
A. who B. whom C. that
【Keys】<1>C
(4.)which，that区别
which做限制性定语从句的关系代词，先行词只能是______,而that____________。
which 和that 都可以在限制性定语从句中指代物，并在从句中做_____和______。
不跟在介词后做宾语时可省略。
但当which用在介词后做介词的宾语时，不能用that替换。
在下面情况下，只能用that。
<1.> 先行词是不定代词__________________________等不定代词。
Keys：all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing
<2.>先行词被序数词或者形容词最高级修饰。
<3.> 先行词all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。
<4.> 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰。
<5.> 先行词既有人也有物。
<6.>当句中已经有wh开头的疑问词时，为避免重复
(5.)which, that, whose的区别
在限制性定语从句中，which， that在从句中做_______和_______ 。
whose在限制性定语从句中，即可指人也可指物，指物时，等于of which
The house whose roof was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.
= The house_____________ was destroyed in the terrible fire has been repaired.
【Keys】 of which the roof
(6.)介词 + which 和whom引导的定语从句
如果which和whom在定语从句中原为介词的宾语，那么介词可以提到从句前，构成介词+which/whom引导的定语从句，which指物，whom指认。介词根据结构搭配或者语义来确定。
练习：
<1.> The girl ________ you spoke is my sister.
<2.>There are scientific ways ________ man solves problems.
<3.> I’d like to join the tennis club _______ my friend belongs.
<4.>He is the boy _______ I went swimming yesterday.
【Keys】 <1.> to whom <2.>in which <3.> to which <4.>with whom
Tips：若含有介词的短语动词属于固定搭配，一般不拆开把介词前置。
例如：The babies whom/who the nurses are looking after are very health.
(7.)as引导的限制性定语从句
as引导的限制性定语从句，在从句中做_____,______,_____,可以指人，也可以指物。
构成 the same…as，such…as等结构。
例如： Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
Such people as I have read are classical works.
I’d like to use the same tool as is used here.
Tips: 注意区别 such…as与such…that。
观察下面两个句子总结such…as与such…that的区别
They talked in such simple English as children could understand.
They talked in such simple English that children could understand them.
总结：_________________________________
such…as与such…that分别引导定语从句和结果状语从句
Tips: 注意区别 the same…as与the same…that。
This is the same book as I read last week.(两本书)
This is the same book that I read last week.(一本书)
非限制性定语从句引导词 - 关系副词
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。
when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which,
where指地点 = in / at / from / which,
why指原因 = for which
例如：
　 There are occasions when (on which)one must yield.　
Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.　
　 Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer
　
注意：
在从句结构完整的前提下，抽象名词(situation, condition, point, case, environment, circumstance, advantage, system, development等)后用where引导定语从句。
His technique developed to the point where he can repair many electrically powered machines.
We should create an environment where human beings and animals live in harmony.
注意：关系副词中的一些特殊地点和时间名词。
具体的地点名词后可以接where从句，但其他如case, point, situation, condition, job等表示“情况，方面”的名词也同样加where从句，这种用法源于“in this case, at this point, in this situation, under the condition”等短语。具体的时间名词后可接when从句，但如果先行词为occasion，同样也加when从句。例如：
1. There are many cases _______this rule does not hold good.
2. He had to face the conditions ____ pressure was heavy.
3. I will show you the point _____ you fail.
4. This is a job ____ you can learn something.
5. He left his hometown in 2002 ________ he has never come back.
6. People may come across the occasion _____they want to say something but forget what they are going to say.
【Keys】1.where/in which 2. where/in which 3. at which/where
4.in which/where 5. since when 6.when/on which
限制性定语从句中如何判断使用关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词，而不及物动词则要用关系副词。例如：
　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。
　 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
　 判断改错：
　 1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
　 2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
　 3.This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.
　 4.I'll never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.
　【Keys】1.错 2.错 3.对 4.对
(习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。)
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也有助于选择出关系代词/关系副词。
1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age
　 A. where　 B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
　 A. where　 B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one
3. This is the reason_______ he gave us for carrying out the plan.
　 A. because　 B. why　 C. how　　 D. /
4. This is the reason________ I caught a bad cold.
　 A. because　 B. why　 C. how　　 D. /
【Keys】1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B
定语从句中that与名词性从句中that比较
通过下面两个句子，总结that在定从与名从中的不同。
That the earth goes round the sun is well known.
The book that interested me was bought by my father.
总结：_____________________________________
名词性从句中的that补充当句子成分，知识名词性行从句的标志；定语从句中的that是关系代词，充当从句的主语或宾语。
the way 引导定语从句的用法
<1.>the way 在从句中用来代替in the way, in which时，the way经常起连接词作用，引导定语从句。
例如：I fixed things the way (=as) he wanted.
What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.
<2.>the way 做先行词，后+定语从句修饰the way，有三种形式。
This is the way that/in which或/ he did it.
随堂练习：
Ⅰ. 选择正确关系词
1.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
2.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help.
3.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.
4.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
5.I don't like the way _____ you speak to her.
6.She is the only person ____ supports me at the meeting.
7.I still remember the day____ I met Professor Smith.
8.Such people _____ were recommended by him were reliable.
9.How can they teach managers what they need to know at the point _____ they need to know
it
【Keys】1. whose，of whom 2. whom/who/that或/
3. in which, where 4. where 5. in which/that或/ 6. that
7. when，on which 8. as 9. when
Ⅱ. 选择题
The school _______I visited last year was not the one _______I once worked.
which; where B. which; which C. where; which D. where; where
Do you know that girl_______ wearing a red dress
whose B. who C. whom D. who’s
The reason ______I’m writing to you is to tell you about a partly on Saturday.
because B. why C. for D. which
You may borrow any book_______.
that you interest B. which you are interested
C. that interests you D.which interests you
The film is set in the period_____ the divided between rich and poor was greater than it is now.
where B. when C. which D. why
Do you remember the day______ I came to you to borrow a dictionary
A.in which B. which C. when D. where
She still remembers the days ______ she spent in the countryside.
A.while B. that C. when D. during which
When people talk about the cities of the U.S, the first _____ comes into mind is New York.
A. city B. of them C. one D. that
9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.
A. the thing which B. which C. where D. how
10. His aim was to promote human race relations _____ all people have equal opportunities.
A. where B. when C. since D. which
11. The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. to which; where B. at which; where
C. by which; in which D. for which; which
12. At the point in our game _____I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was instead 7 to 9.
A. when B. where C. whom D. which
13.His technique has developed to the point_____ he can help kill the latest computer virus going round the city.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
14. Is this museum _____ they visited last month
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
15. Is this the museum _____ they visited last month
A. when B. where C. which D. the one
16. In the evening school where I study computer_____.
A. is there B. has many people C. is well taught D. is nice
17. Has all_____ can be done_____
A. what; done B. that; be done
C. what; to be done D. that ;been done
【Keys】1.A. 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10. A 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.D 15. C 16.C 17.D
Ⅲ. Complete the following two passages . (用限制性定语从句关系词填空)
(A)
Now suppose 1 it’s your turn to go to the moon, just like Edwin Aldrin and Neil Armstrong. It’s an important and exciting space travel 2 mission is to explore and gather information for the scientists on the earth.
Before you leave your lunar lender, don’t forget your equipment! Remember 3 the moon has no atmosphere. An atmosphere is the envelope of gases 4 surrounds some planets. The earth’s atmosphere has oxygen 5 we need to breathe. You will need your spacesuit and your oxygen tank 6 will help you to survive on the moon’s surface.
Your spacesuit will keep your body safe on the moon 7 the temperature can be extremely cold or extremely hot.
Now imagine 8 you are walking on the moon’s surface. You will be fascinated by the view of the sky 9 is extremely different from that on the earth.
In the powdery, grayish moon dust, you will probably find some footprints 10 Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin left many years ago. That’s because there’s no wind or water on the moon to wash the footprints away. The moon dust stretches as far as you can see.
As you walk along, you suddenly realize 11 you feel lighter. You can jump higher and throw farther. The reason 12 you can do jumping and throwing easily is 13 there is less gravity on the moon than there is on the earth.
Gravity is a force 14 pulls one object toward another object. Gravity makes you “stick” to the ground and makes your pencil fall to the floor 15 you drop it.
(B)
Ancient China was a place ___1____ states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time ___2____ there were many great philosophers. Confucius is the philosopher ____3___ influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.
Mencius was a thinker ____4____ teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confucius’s ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason ____5____ man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.
Mozi was another teacher ____6___ was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family ____7____ was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviors. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state ____8____ people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those ___9___ are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.
【Keys】
I/ A 1. that 2.whose 3.that 4.that/which 5.which 6.which 7.where 8.that 9.which 10.that /which 11.that 12. why 13.that 14.that/which 15.when
I/ B 1. where 2. when 3. whose 4. whose 5. why 6. who 7. which 8. where 9. who
Ⅳ. 翻译
你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
人们谈及杭州时，首先映现于脑海里的就是西湖。
你能想出一个我们可以使用这个词语的情景吗？
那些勇于探索，不畏艰难的人更有可能取得成功。(likely)
期望过高和缺乏工作经验是很多毕业生未能找到理想工作的主要原因。(lack of)
【Keys】
1. Do you remember the day when you joined our club
2. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.
3. Can you think of a situation where we can use this expression
4. Those who are bold in exploring and not afraid of hardships are more likely to achieve success.
5. The main reasons why many graduates fail to/can’t find ideal jobs are their/the lack of working experience and too much expectation.