2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句精讲2（非限制性定语从句）学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句精讲2（非限制性定语从句）学案（含答案） |  | |
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定语从句精讲2——非限制性定语从句
Ⅰ.非限制性定语从句概念及使用条件
非限制性定语从句属于“松散型”的，其作用仅仅是补充，说明，描述性的，缺之也不会影响到先行词的明确性。当对象明确，讲话这与听者都明白所指，不会引发先行词所指混乱时，就用非限制性定语从句。因此，某些具体的人名，地名，时间，时间，山川，河流等等，后面如果跟定语从句，就属于非限制性的范畴。比如: Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly. 某些纯属补充，说明性的定语从句也是非限制性的，此时，定语从句需要用逗号与先行词分开作为非限制性定语从句最明显的标志性特征。非限制性定语从句在翻译时，从句不应该被翻成定语，整个句子应该按照两个句子来翻译。
例:(英翻中)
My mother, who is 65 years old, looks after my daughter.
The second World War, which caused great disaster to all the people in the world, came to an end in 1945.
【Keys】 1.我妈妈65岁了，她在照顾我女儿。
2.第二次世界大战给世界上的很多人带来了巨大的灾难，它在1945年结束。
注意：有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。
比较下面两个句子：
1. (1) I have a sister who works in a hospital.
(2) I have a sister, who works in a hospital.
2. (1) Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
(2) Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
【Keys】 1.（1） 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。（不只一位姐姐）
（2） 我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。（只有一位姐姐）
2.（1）友善的老师受学生欢迎。
（2）王老师很受学生欢迎，他很友善。
Ⅱ.非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句区别
从句 区别点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词之间的关系 <1> <2>
逗号的作用 <3> <4>
that的运用 <5> <6>
which/who在从句中作宾语时是否可省略 <7> <8>
whom在从句中作宾语时，是否可以用who或that代替 <9> <10>
读时是否停顿 <11> <12>
是否可以修饰句子 <13> <14>
翻译时的区别 <15> <16>
【Keys】 <1>紧密，删除后影响整个主句意义的表达 <2>疏松，知识补充说明，删除后不影响整个主句意义的表达 <3>不运用逗号 <4>运用逗号 <5>可用关系词that <6>不可用that <7>可省略（that在从句中做宾语时也可以省略） <8>不可省略 <9>可代替 <10>不可代替 <11>不停顿
<12>读时停顿，用降调 <13>不可以 <14>可以修饰整个句子，此时有逗号与主句隔开，只能由which或as引导 <15>常译为定语 <16>常译为两个独立的句子
与先行词之间的关系中可以用下面两个句子相比较:
Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
分别删除这两部分后发现：限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。
非限制性定语从句省略后意义 仍然完整，所以可以省略。
Ⅲ.非限制性定语从句的先行词
1. 指人时： who，whom，whose
2. 指物时： which，as
which 可指某个词也可以指整个主句，从句只能位于主句之后，若指代整个主句，翻译为：这件事
as 可指代整个主句或者主句中的某部分，表示：正如，从句可位于主句前或主句后
as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）as 在从句中常作宾语；在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常为系动词，即：系表
结构或被动结构。
As you expected, he turned up on time. 正如你所愿，他按时到了。
As is said above, he has conquered the difficulty. 正如上面所说，他征服了困难。
（2）当非限制性定语从句放到主句的前面时，引导词只能用as，而不用which。
As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们再把店前到达了那儿。
（3）As引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能
与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义，则只用which。
He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope.
他在事业中成功了，这正是我们大家所希望的。
Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad.
她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。
(4) 当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时，只能用which, 而不可用 as。如：
He has a new computer, for which he paid nearly ten thousand yuan.
他有一台新电脑，这台电脑花了他将近一万元。
(5) 当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如：宾+补；不定式短语；动词-ing
形式短语等) 时，一般只能用which, 而不用 as。如：
She told us that there was something wrong with her bike, which was true。
她告诉我们说她的单车出了毛病，这话是真的。
He asked her to help him with his English, which she did.
他请她教他学英语，她的确帮了。
(6) 关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语部分时，从句中谓语部分被省略而只保留情态动词的否
定式或助动词否定式，引导词一般只用which, 而不用as。
He speaks English very fluently, which I can’t.
他的英语说得非常流利，这我可不行。
(7) 关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。
He suggested going swimming in the river, which idea we agreed with.
他提议去河里游泳，我们就同意了他的想法。
(8) 当关系代词仅代表主句中单个的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。
He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much.
他给寄来了一件精美的礼物，我对它非常珍视。
(9) as在非限制性定语从句中，还常跟such连用。
There was a look of love in the teacher’s eyes, such as mothers have for their children.
老师眼里流露出对他喜爱的神情，就好像母亲对孩子的喜爱。
(10) as常用于一些固定结构中。
常见结构有：
<1>as is known to all
as is often the case
as might / could be expected
as has been said before
as has been mentioned above
as has been pointed out
as can be imagined
as can be seen (from these figures)
as often happens
as will be shown
【Keys】(1.) 正如大家所知 (2.)这是常有的事 (3.)正如人们所预料的 (4.)正如前面所说的
(5.)正如上面所提到的 (6.)正如所支出的 (7.)正如所想的 (8.)正如从图表中所看到的
(9.)正如常发生的 (10.)正如……所示
3.指地点时：where=相应介词+which
4.指时间时：when= 相应介词+which
5.指原因时：for which（不可用why）
检测：
1. The famous basketball star, _______ is an American, came to China yesterday.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr.Black, with_______ she had a wonderful time.
3. I bought a car yesterday, _______ cost me a lot.
4. Xi'an _______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _______ he won't be so busy.
6. The school, _______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
7. John said he'd been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true.
8. The manager's daughter, _______ name is Ann, gave me a patient smile.
9. _______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
10. _______I have made very clear, I won’t go with you.
【Keys】1.who 2.whom 3.which 4.which 5.when/相应介词+which 6.where/相应介词+which 7.which 8.whose 9. As 10. As
Ⅳ.先行词与定语从句内容构成整体与部分关系
当先行词与定语从句的关系代词间呈现的是整体与部分的关系时，该定语从句一般为非限制性定语从句，此种情况下，经常会出现of与关系代词which/whom的搭配。
例如：The old man has three sons. Two of his sons are officers in the navy.
The old man has three sons, _______are officers in the navy.
【Keys】two of whom
注意：不可以写成：
The old man has three sons, two of them are officers in the navy.
(原因：两个或多个句子融为一句话时，一定给他们一定的关系，或者并列或者主从。没有界定任何关系的融合是错误的。不可仅仅用逗号将两个或者多个句子隔开，逗号不代表and)
Ⅴ. 有插入语的非限制性定语从句
插入语必须放在关系次之后，且在分析句子成分时可以忽略不计。如：I/we/you…+think/believe/suppose/say/imagine/claim…结构常常用作插入语。
例:
He has won the first prize in the contest, _______is really a big surprise. (we，think，which )
【Keys】which we think
Ⅵ. 非限制性定语从句中的特殊结构
在非限制性定语从句中常常用“介词+which+名词”，which通常指代前面整个句子或者句子的一部分，与主句间用逗号隔开，其中最为常见的结构搭配有：in which case，by which time，at which point，under/in which circumstance，for which reason等。
例如:
We will arrive at the airport at 6 p.m., by which time the plane will have already taken off.
She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her.
随堂练习：
Ⅰ. 用正确的词语填空（字数不限）
1.Peter took up collecting coins as a hobby, _______ surprise.
2.Our library has a large collection of books, and many of _______ are written in foreign languages.
3. We had a pleasant talk with the foreign guests, two of _______ came from France.
4.The Yang Zi river is the longest river in China, _______ several bridges have been built recently.
5. George Orwell, _______ real name was Eric Arthur Blair, wrote many political novels and essays.
6.There are two buildings, _______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
7.This kind of milk power turned out to be poisonous at last, _______ made all the consumers greatly shocked.(选: which I think, I think which)
8.The United States is known for its supermarkets, _______ huge quantities of all kinds of food and household articles are sold.
9. It’s a moment, _______ I will always treasure.
10.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
【Keys】(答案非唯一，仅供参考)
1.which 2. them 3.whom 4.above which 5.whose
6.the larger of which 7.which I think 8.where 9.one 10.whose price/ the price of which
Ⅱ. 选择题
Without facts, we cannot from a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge _______ our thinking.
A. which to be based on B. which to base on
C. on which to base D. which to base
Pumpkings are believed to have originated in North America, _______ seeds from related plants have been found dating back to 7000B.C.
A.as B. which C. where D. whose
_______ is generally accepted, water resources will become a problem of the most importance.
A. What B. That C. It D. As
The weather may not be fine tomorrow, in _______ case we will have to pit the trip off.
A. this B. which C. that D. whose
Bill was ill, _______ was why he didn’t go to the meeting.
A.it B. what C. that D. which
Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young adults, _______ courage matters more than strength.
A. whose B. that C. which D. where
【Keys】1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A
Ⅲ. 翻译
他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。
他可能忙，如若如此，我以后再来拜访。
那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射的露面了。
他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老人，眼睛里愤怒的闪着红光。
正如他在信中所提到的，他失去了最后的机会。
那个老人有两个儿子，他们两个都是警察。
学生应该使他们自己参与到团体活动中来，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。
【Keys】
1. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.
2. A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.
3. He may be busy, in which case I’ll call later.
4. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.
5. He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man, whose eyes flashed red with fury.
6. As he mentioned in this letter, he had missed the last chance.
7. The old man has two sons, both of whom are policemen.
8. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
Ⅰ.非限制性定语从句概念及使用条件
非限制性定语从句属于“松散型”的，其作用仅仅是补充，说明，描述性的，缺之也不会影响到先行词的明确性。当对象明确，讲话这与听者都明白所指，不会引发先行词所指混乱时，就用非限制性定语从句。因此，某些具体的人名，地名，时间，时间，山川，河流等等，后面如果跟定语从句，就属于非限制性的范畴。比如: Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly. 某些纯属补充，说明性的定语从句也是非限制性的，此时，定语从句需要用逗号与先行词分开作为非限制性定语从句最明显的标志性特征。非限制性定语从句在翻译时，从句不应该被翻成定语，整个句子应该按照两个句子来翻译。
例:(英翻中)
My mother, who is 65 years old, looks after my daughter.
The second World War, which caused great disaster to all the people in the world, came to an end in 1945.
【Keys】 1.我妈妈65岁了，她在照顾我女儿。
2.第二次世界大战给世界上的很多人带来了巨大的灾难，它在1945年结束。
注意：有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。
比较下面两个句子：
1. (1) I have a sister who works in a hospital.
(2) I have a sister, who works in a hospital.
2. (1) Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
(2) Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
【Keys】 1.（1） 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。（不只一位姐姐）
（2） 我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。（只有一位姐姐）
2.（1）友善的老师受学生欢迎。
（2）王老师很受学生欢迎，他很友善。
Ⅱ.非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句区别
从句 区别点 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词之间的关系 <1> <2>
逗号的作用 <3> <4>
that的运用 <5> <6>
which/who在从句中作宾语时是否可省略 <7> <8>
whom在从句中作宾语时，是否可以用who或that代替 <9> <10>
读时是否停顿 <11> <12>
是否可以修饰句子 <13> <14>
翻译时的区别 <15> <16>
【Keys】 <1>紧密，删除后影响整个主句意义的表达 <2>疏松，知识补充说明，删除后不影响整个主句意义的表达 <3>不运用逗号 <4>运用逗号 <5>可用关系词that <6>不可用that <7>可省略（that在从句中做宾语时也可以省略） <8>不可省略 <9>可代替 <10>不可代替 <11>不停顿
<12>读时停顿，用降调 <13>不可以 <14>可以修饰整个句子，此时有逗号与主句隔开，只能由which或as引导 <15>常译为定语 <16>常译为两个独立的句子
与先行词之间的关系中可以用下面两个句子相比较:
Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
分别删除这两部分后发现：限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。
非限制性定语从句省略后意义 仍然完整，所以可以省略。
Ⅲ.非限制性定语从句的先行词
1. 指人时： who，whom，whose
2. 指物时： which，as
which 可指某个词也可以指整个主句，从句只能位于主句之后，若指代整个主句，翻译为：这件事
as 可指代整个主句或者主句中的某部分，表示：正如，从句可位于主句前或主句后
as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）as 在从句中常作宾语；在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常为系动词，即：系表
结构或被动结构。
As you expected, he turned up on time. 正如你所愿，他按时到了。
As is said above, he has conquered the difficulty. 正如上面所说，他征服了困难。
（2）当非限制性定语从句放到主句的前面时，引导词只能用as，而不用which。
As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们再把店前到达了那儿。
（3）As引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能
与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义，则只用which。
He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope.
他在事业中成功了，这正是我们大家所希望的。
Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad.
她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。
(4) 当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时，只能用which, 而不可用 as。如：
He has a new computer, for which he paid nearly ten thousand yuan.
他有一台新电脑，这台电脑花了他将近一万元。
(5) 当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如：宾+补；不定式短语；动词-ing
形式短语等) 时，一般只能用which, 而不用 as。如：
She told us that there was something wrong with her bike, which was true。
她告诉我们说她的单车出了毛病，这话是真的。
He asked her to help him with his English, which she did.
他请她教他学英语，她的确帮了。
(6) 关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语部分时，从句中谓语部分被省略而只保留情态动词的否
定式或助动词否定式，引导词一般只用which, 而不用as。
He speaks English very fluently, which I can’t.
他的英语说得非常流利，这我可不行。
(7) 关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。
He suggested going swimming in the river, which idea we agreed with.
他提议去河里游泳，我们就同意了他的想法。
(8) 当关系代词仅代表主句中单个的名词时，一般只用which, 而不用as。
He sent me a beautiful present, which I valued very much.
他给寄来了一件精美的礼物，我对它非常珍视。
(9) as在非限制性定语从句中，还常跟such连用。
There was a look of love in the teacher’s eyes, such as mothers have for their children.
老师眼里流露出对他喜爱的神情，就好像母亲对孩子的喜爱。
(10) as常用于一些固定结构中。
常见结构有：
<1>as is known to all
as is often the case
as might / could be expected
as has been said before
as has been mentioned above
as has been pointed out
as can be imagined
as can be seen (from these figures)
as often happens
as will be shown
【Keys】(1.) 正如大家所知 (2.)这是常有的事 (3.)正如人们所预料的 (4.)正如前面所说的
(5.)正如上面所提到的 (6.)正如所支出的 (7.)正如所想的 (8.)正如从图表中所看到的
(9.)正如常发生的 (10.)正如……所示
3.指地点时：where=相应介词+which
4.指时间时：when= 相应介词+which
5.指原因时：for which（不可用why）
检测：
1. The famous basketball star, _______ is an American, came to China yesterday.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr.Black, with_______ she had a wonderful time.
3. I bought a car yesterday, _______ cost me a lot.
4. Xi'an _______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _______ he won't be so busy.
6. The school, _______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
7. John said he'd been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true.
8. The manager's daughter, _______ name is Ann, gave me a patient smile.
9. _______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
10. _______I have made very clear, I won’t go with you.
【Keys】1.who 2.whom 3.which 4.which 5.when/相应介词+which 6.where/相应介词+which 7.which 8.whose 9. As 10. As
Ⅳ.先行词与定语从句内容构成整体与部分关系
当先行词与定语从句的关系代词间呈现的是整体与部分的关系时，该定语从句一般为非限制性定语从句，此种情况下，经常会出现of与关系代词which/whom的搭配。
例如：The old man has three sons. Two of his sons are officers in the navy.
The old man has three sons, _______are officers in the navy.
【Keys】two of whom
注意：不可以写成：
The old man has three sons, two of them are officers in the navy.
(原因：两个或多个句子融为一句话时，一定给他们一定的关系，或者并列或者主从。没有界定任何关系的融合是错误的。不可仅仅用逗号将两个或者多个句子隔开，逗号不代表and)
Ⅴ. 有插入语的非限制性定语从句
插入语必须放在关系次之后，且在分析句子成分时可以忽略不计。如：I/we/you…+think/believe/suppose/say/imagine/claim…结构常常用作插入语。
例:
He has won the first prize in the contest, _______is really a big surprise. (we，think，which )
【Keys】which we think
Ⅵ. 非限制性定语从句中的特殊结构
在非限制性定语从句中常常用“介词+which+名词”，which通常指代前面整个句子或者句子的一部分，与主句间用逗号隔开，其中最为常见的结构搭配有：in which case，by which time，at which point，under/in which circumstance，for which reason等。
例如:
We will arrive at the airport at 6 p.m., by which time the plane will have already taken off.
She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her.
随堂练习：
Ⅰ. 用正确的词语填空（字数不限）
1.Peter took up collecting coins as a hobby, _______ surprise.
2.Our library has a large collection of books, and many of _______ are written in foreign languages.
3. We had a pleasant talk with the foreign guests, two of _______ came from France.
4.The Yang Zi river is the longest river in China, _______ several bridges have been built recently.
5. George Orwell, _______ real name was Eric Arthur Blair, wrote many political novels and essays.
6.There are two buildings, _______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
7.This kind of milk power turned out to be poisonous at last, _______ made all the consumers greatly shocked.(选: which I think, I think which)
8.The United States is known for its supermarkets, _______ huge quantities of all kinds of food and household articles are sold.
9. It’s a moment, _______ I will always treasure.
10.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
【Keys】(答案非唯一，仅供参考)
1.which 2. them 3.whom 4.above which 5.whose
6.the larger of which 7.which I think 8.where 9.one 10.whose price/ the price of which
Ⅱ. 选择题
Without facts, we cannot from a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge _______ our thinking.
A. which to be based on B. which to base on
C. on which to base D. which to base
Pumpkings are believed to have originated in North America, _______ seeds from related plants have been found dating back to 7000B.C.
A.as B. which C. where D. whose
_______ is generally accepted, water resources will become a problem of the most importance.
A. What B. That C. It D. As
The weather may not be fine tomorrow, in _______ case we will have to pit the trip off.
A. this B. which C. that D. whose
Bill was ill, _______ was why he didn’t go to the meeting.
A.it B. what C. that D. which
Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young adults, _______ courage matters more than strength.
A. whose B. that C. which D. where
【Keys】1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A
Ⅲ. 翻译
他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。
一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。
他可能忙，如若如此，我以后再来拜访。
那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射的露面了。
他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老人，眼睛里愤怒的闪着红光。
正如他在信中所提到的，他失去了最后的机会。
那个老人有两个儿子，他们两个都是警察。
学生应该使他们自己参与到团体活动中来，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。
【Keys】
1. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.
2. A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.
3. He may be busy, in which case I’ll call later.
4. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.
5. He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man, whose eyes flashed red with fury.
6. As he mentioned in this letter, he had missed the last chance.
7. The old man has two sons, both of whom are policemen.
8. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.