2022届高考英语二轮复习：状语从句精讲1学案（含答案）

状语从句精讲1——时间、地点、条件、比较、方式
Ⅰ. 状语从句概念：
状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号，状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等9种。
Ⅱ. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句考点分析
考点分析一：when，while，as的用法区别
1. when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
例如：
Why do you want a new job _______ you’ve got such a good one already （get为短暂性动词）
Sorry, I was out _______ you called me.
Strike_______ the iron is hot.
The students took notes _______ they listened. （listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。
【Keys】1-4 when, when, while, as
2. when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
3. 从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。
① When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. （finished先发生）
当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
② When I got to the airport, the guests had left. （got to后发生）
当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
4. 从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。
When /While /As we were dancing，a stranger came in. （dance为延续性动词）
当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
练习：中翻英
当她在打电话时，我正在写信。
When /While /As she was making a phone call，I was writing a letter. （make为延续性动词）
5. 当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
练习:英翻中
The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.
随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
练习：中翻英
小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
The little girls sang as they went.
伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫。
The sad mother sat on the roadside，shouting as she was crying.
注:
在将来时从句中，常用when，且从句须用一般时代替将来时。
You shall borrow the book when I ________ reading it. (finish)
When the manager________ here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this. (come)
【Keys】1.have finished 2.comes
2. 只能用when的几种情况
1)当主句的谓语是was/ were doing sth，从句的动作突然发生时；
2)当主句的谓语是was/ were about to do时；
3)当主句的谓语是was/ were going to do时；
4)当主句的谓语是was/ were on the point of doing时
5) hardly... when句型 引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。如：
No sooner had he got home when it started to rain. 他一回到家天就开始下雨。
考点分析一综合练习： Choose the best answer.
1. Hardly had he reached the school gate _______ the bell rang.
A. while B. when C. as D. as soon as
He was about to go to bed _______ the doorbell rang.
A. while B. as C. before D. when
3. _______ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till
4. _______ got into the room _______ the telephone rang.
He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when
C. He had not; then D. Not had he; when
5. In some places women are expected to earn money_______ men work at home and raise their children.
A. but B. while C. because D. though
6. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _______we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
7. You can’t borrow books from the school library _______ you get your student card.
A. before B. if C. while D. as
8. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time _______ Brian gets back.
A. before B. since C. till D. after
9. It was April 29, 2001 _______ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A .that B. when C .since D. before
10. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _______ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
【Keys】 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.B 10.A
考点分析二： “一……就”和易混淆的句型
表示“一……就”:as soon as, the minute, the second, the instant, the moment, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner... than, scarcely/hardly... when等。
翻译练习：
（1）他一做完实验，就用肥皂洗干净双手。(The moment)
___________________________________________________________________.
（2）如果你一收到消息就能给我答复的话，我将不胜感激。(the moment)
___________________________________________________________________.
【keys】
（1） The moment he finished (doing) the experiment, he washed his hands with soap.
（2） I would appreciate it very much if you could reply to me/give me a reply the moment you receive the message.
注意：when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中（指过去的事情）。
sb. had hardly（＝scarcely） done sth. when. . . ＝Hardly / Scarcely had sb. done sth. when. . .
I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
＝Hardly/ Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
2 . 几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：
1） It was +时间点+when…（当的时候时间是）
It was 5 am when we arrived at the village.
2) It was/will be+时间段+before…(没过…就／过了…才)
It was two weeks before we met again.(从句时态用过去时)
It wasn’t two weeks before we met again.(从句时态用过去时)
It will be two weeks before we meet again.(从句时态用一般现在时)
It won’t be too weeks before we meet again.(从句时态用一般现在时)
3） It is /has been +时间段+since…（自从…以来有…）的用法
It is/has been 3 years since we last met.
注意：此句型是时态题考察的重点。
翻译练习：
（1） 互联网是个人电脑发明以来最重要的进步。（since）
___________________________________________________________________.
（2） 中国加入世贸组织至今已十几年了。 (since)
___________________________________________________________________.
【keys】
（1） The Internet is the most important development since the creation/invention of the personal computer.
（2） It is/ has been over ten years since China joined WTO.
考点分析二综合练习：翻译练习。
（1）我还来不及完成试题，铃就响了。(before)
___________________________________________________________________.
（2）我还没来得及提醒他要保守这个秘密，他就匆匆挂了电话。（before）
___________________________________________________________________.
（3）不久以后一些药品的价格将再一次下调。(before)
___________________________________________________________________.
（4）还要过很长一段时间，普通人才能去太空旅行。（before）
___________________________________________________________________.
（5）很多年后他才明白，每个人，无论强弱贫富，只要他对社会做出了贡献，就应该得到尊重。(before)
___________________________________________________________________.
【keys】
（1） The bell rang, before I could finish my test paper.
（2） He hung up the phone in a hurry before I could remind him to keep the secret.
（3） It won’t be long before the prices of some medicine are reduced again.
（4） It will be a long time before common people can travel to space/ can go travelling in space.
（5） It was many years before he realized that everyone, strong or weak, rich or poor, should be respected as long as he had made contribution(s) to the society.
考点分析三：till/until引导时间状语从句
表示“直到……”，till不用于句首。用于肯定句时，主句用延续性动词；如果用于否定句，主句可以用非延续性动词。
例：If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops.
如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。
The noise of the street didn't stop until it was midnight.
街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。
注: not until 放句首，主倒从不倒
翻译练习：
(1）他们必须等到周一才能给银行经理打电话。
(2）当你到了我这个岁数时，你才能够理解（这件事）。
(3）直到你走的时候才意识到之前对您的疏忽。（Not until）
(4）也许我一天天的在进步，直到有那么一天我可以独立完成它而不需要我的朋友每天帮我改错了。
【keys】
(1）They had to wait till Monday to ring the bank manager.
(2）You can't understand that until you are at my age.
(3）Not until you went away, did I realize my neglect of you.
(4）Maybe I progressing day by day, until one day I can complete it myself without my friend's help.
Ⅲ. 地点状语从句
常用连词：where
例: We must camp where we can get water.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
2) 特殊连词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑问的地方做一个记号。
Wherever you go, you should work hard. 无论你去哪里，都要努力工作。
练习：
中翻英
(1) 你从何处来到何处去。
(2) 有了汽车，人可以想去哪儿就去哪儿，想什么时候去就什么时候去。
(3) 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。
(4) A走到任何地方，他都会被认为是B。
【keys】
(1) Go back where you came from. (where引导地点状语从句）
(2) With a car，a person can go where he pleases and when he pleases.
(3) You can’t camp wherever (where, anywhere) you like these days.
(4) Everywhere A goes, he’s mistaken for B.
注意：where引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别
1) where引导定语从句时，where是关系副词， 在从句中作地点状语， 其前面有表示地点的先行词，where引导的从句修饰先行词。例如：
This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这就是我两年前住的那个房子。
where引导状语从句时， where是从属连词，where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。
例：
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑问的地方做一个记号。
有时， where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面， 而where引导的定语从句则不能。
例：
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
在有些情况下，where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。
例：
Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often.
＝Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.
温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。
Ⅳ.条件状语从句：
1) 常用连词：if, unless
Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨, 比赛将照常进行。
(1)　if引导的条件句有真实和非真实条件句两种。例如：
We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，我将要呆在家。
If I were you, I wouldn’t do it like that. 如果我是你，我就不会那么做的。
(2)　if特殊句式：I would appreciate it if……/I would be grateful if……，意为“如果……，我将不胜感激”。
I would appreciate it very much if you would arrange this for me.
如果你能做这样的安排我将非常感激。
2) 特殊连词：so/as long as, in case, on condition that.例如：
In case it rains, do not expect me. 如若下雨, 就不要等我了。
As long as you promise to come, I’ll wait for you until you come. 只要你答应, 我就等你来。
练习:
1. 选择：
（1）We will have no water to drink ________we don’t protect the earth.
A. until B. before C. though D. if
（2）We will plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know ________Tom will come and join us.
A. if B. which C. what D. where
(3) -- Do you know if ________ finished the work -- Not yet. If he ________, he will give me a call.
A. he’s, will finish B. he’ll, finishes C. he’s, finishes D. he’ll , will finish
【keys】DAC
2. 中翻英:
(1) 只要不断努力，你们所有的梦想都会实现的。(as long as)
(2) 如果你认为我不够仔细，就自己看看地图。(in case)
(3) 如果你能保持沉默的话我将非常感激。
【keys】
(1) As long as you keep (on) working hard, all your dreams will come true/ be realized.
(2) In case you think I was incautious, take a look at the map.
(3) I would appreciate it if you could keep silent.
Ⅴ. 比较状语从句
1.常用连词：as (同级比较)，than (不同程度比较)
2.特殊连词：the more……the more……, no more/less…… than……, not/no……any more than……, A is to B what C is to D.
例：
He has got no less presents than I did last time.
他收到的礼品不亚于我上次收到的。
The more we can do for you, the happier we will be.
为你们做得越多我们就越感到高兴。
What food is to the body, a book is to the mind.
书籍对于心灵犹如食物对于身体。
练习：
<1>中翻英：
1. 他醒来得和入睡一样突然。
2. 我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。
3. 今天的年轻人比我们过去的境况要好。
4. 我只有两支笔。
5. 捷克不如约翰勤奋。
【keys】
1. He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.
2. I have never seen so much rain as fell that February.
3. The youth of today are better off than we used to be.
4. I have no more than two pens.
5. Jack is not more diligent than John.
<2> 语法填空
1. Please do the experiment ________ the teacher told you to.
2. Tom raised his hands ________ ________ he was going to say something.
3. Nothing is ________ (unpleasant) than finding insects in your bath.
【Keys】
1. as 2.as if 3. more unpleasant
VI. 方式状语从句：
1. 常用连词：as, just as (……so), as if, as though
(1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as……so……结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如……”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，
例：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
(2) as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”，
例：
　　He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
　　他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。)
2. 特殊连词：the way (that)
Do it the way (that) you were told. 要照告诉你的去做。
练习：
英译中:
(1) He burst into a high-pitched laugh, as though he'd said something funny.
(2) I'll behave toward them as I would like to be treated.
（3）It's a shame the way that the media can twist your words and misrepresent you.
【keys】
(1) 他突然放声大笑，好像讲了什么好笑的事似的。
（2）我会以希望别人对待我的方式来对待他们。
（3）媒体歪曲他人言论、曲解他人意图的做法真是可耻。