2022届高考英语二轮复习：状语从句精讲（让步、目的）3学案（含答案）

状语从句精讲3——让步、目的
让步状语从句
一．概念：让步状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态与从句中的某一动作或状态在意义上的部分矛盾, 但不影响事实的进行或实现。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。
二．引导让步状语从句的从属于连词
引导让步状语从句的从属于连词主要的有
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, when，whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
例: Although he is poor, he’s still happy. 虽然他很穷，他仍然很快乐。
I will try it, though I may fail. 即使我可能失败, 我也要试一下。
We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我们也要去。
though/although的用法
作连词时意思为“尽管、虽然”，用来引导让步状语从句，一般位于句首。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词 but, and, so 等连用，但可以与 yet, still等词连用。
例 ：Although it was expensive, we still decided to buy it.
虽然它很贵，我还是决定买。
Though we only stay there for a few days, we had a good time.
虽然我们只在这里呆了几天，但我们玩的很愉快。
. though除了作连词外，还可以作副词，作“可是，然而”；而 although 不行。
例如：It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though.
这是个艰苦的工作，然而我喜欢。
练习：(选择)
They are generous, they are poor, ________.
A. though B. although
【keys】A
even if /even though 引导的让步状语从句
这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用，但意义有细微差别。
even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，可用来表示与事实相反的假设，但不能用来描述已经发生的事实。
而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实，表示已经发生了的事。
例：
We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.
即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。
Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.）
即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。
Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.）
尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。
练习：选词填空
He seemed youthful __________he was an old man. (even if / even though)
【keys】 even though
As 引导的让步状语从句
as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但是although不能用于这样的倒装结构中。
倒装结构：adj./n./adv./v.放句首+as/though+陈述语序
例: Though/Although she is very beautiful, he didn’t like her.
　 　 = Beautiful as /though he was, he didn’t like her.
【注】 a.　句首名词不能带任何冠词。
　　　　 b.　句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。
如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
例：（1）Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
（2）Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
练习：将下列句子变成倒装句
Though/Although he is a student, he can earn money as a private teacher.
　 = _______________________________________________________
【keys】 Student as/though he is, he can earn money as a private teacher.
练习：（选择题）
（1.）_________, he isn’t diligent
A. Although clever he is B. Clever as he is
C. Clever although he is D. As he is clever
（2.）__________, he knows a lot.
A. A child as he is B. As he is a child
C. Child as he is D. A child as is he
（3.）Much as he likes it, he will not buy it.
A. Much as he likes it B. Much as he likes
C. As he likes much D. As he likes it
【keys】（1）B （2）C (3) A
whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever和however这几个词也可以引导让步状语从句, 相当于no matter what(when, where, who, which, how)意思为"无论什么, 无论何时, 无论何处, 无论谁, 无论哪一个, 无论如何"表示不论在什么情况下进行随意的选择。
例：1) Whatever work we do, we should do our best.
= No matter what work we do, we should do our best.
2) Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out.
= No matter who telephones, tell them I’m out.
练习：将下列…ever开头的句子转换成no matter … 开头的句子
Whichever day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you.
_____________________________________________________
Whenever you come, you are welcome.
_____________________________________________________
Wherever he goes, I’ll go.
_____________________________________________________
【keys】
1）No matter which day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you.
2）No matter when you come, you are welcome.
3）No matter where he goes, I’ll go.
【注】no matter+疑问词 结构只能引导让步状语从句，而疑问词+ever类词还可以引导名词性从句或其他状语从句。
例:
Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语句）
无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。
I'll eat whatever （≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句）
你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。
Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎。
【注意1】 however 用作副词，不可连接句子。但可置于第二句的句首、句末或句中。要特别注意标点的使用。
Eg : Alice is a good student．However, she has one shortcoming．
He may, however, come later.
There is room for improvement, however.
【注意2】whenever有时可引导时间状语从句，wherever 有时可引导地点状语从句：
Whenever we see him we speak to him.
每次见到他，我们都和他说话。
They teach wherever their pupils are working.
学生在哪里工作，教师们就在哪里上课。
whether...or...表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”之意。
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果，所以它的语气是比较强烈的，从而也更加坚定了主句的内容。例如：
例: You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.
不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。
Whether you believe it or not, it's true.
无论你是否相信，这都是真的。
Whether or not they win this battle, they won't win the war.
不管他们是否能赢得这次战役，他们绝不会赢得这场战争。
用when 和while引导让步状语从句。不要认为when和while只引导时间状语从句，其实它们也可引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”或“虽然”：
例：She stopped when she ought to have continued.
尽管她应该继续下去，她却停住了。
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
让步状语从句练习：
<1> 判断正误
1. A girl as she is, she can lift a heavy box.
2. He didn’t win the first prize, he is an outstanding player, although.
3. Because I know, whoever betrays me, you will not betray me.
4. Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be conceited.
【keys】1. F 2.F 3.T 4.T
<2> 选择题
1. ______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
2. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
3. We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table.
A. since B. although C. until D. before
4. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However
5. ________I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
A. Despite B. Despite of C. While D. Wherever
6. ________ we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is to sit in front of the tube and let it happen.
A. Whether B. Whenever C. While D. Whatever
【keys】1. C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C 6. A
目的状语从句
一．概念：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。
二．目的状语从句从属连词
目的状语从句可以由表示“为了， 以便”的so that(有时省略so)， in order that和表示“以免， 以防”的lest， for fear that， in case引导 。
用so that表目的　　
so that引导的目的状语从句通常位于主句之后。
例：　　
I will give him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.
我会给他一把钥匙，好让他能随时进来。　　
I got here early so that we could have a few minutes alone together.
我到这儿早些是为了我们能单独在一起待几分钟。　　
They wrote the notices in several languages so that foreign tourists could understand them.
他们把通知用几国文字写出来，以便让各国游客都能看得懂。　　
【注】 有时可省略其中的that。
如：　　
Leave the keys out so (that) I remember to take them with me.
把钥匙放在外面，好让我记得带。　　
I deliberately didn’t have lunch so (that) I would be hungry tonight.
我有意没吃午饭，为的就是让自己今晚能感到饿。　　
【注】 so that 引导的目的状语从句有时还可置于主句之前（但是，若so that引导的从句是表示结果，则不可放在句首）。
如：　　
So that I shouldn’t worry, he phoned me on arrival.
为了不让我担心，他一到就给我打了电话。　　
So that I shouldn’t forget it, I made a knot in my handkerchief.
为了免得忘记，我将手帕打了一个结。　　
in order that表目的　　
in order to和in order that均可表示目的，两者的区别是，前者引出不定式，后者用以引导目的状语从句。与用in order to do sth表示目的的情形相似，in order that引导的目的状语从句可以位于主句之前或之后。
如：　　
We arrived early in order that we could get good seats.
我们到得早，以便找到好座位。　　
These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
这些人甘冒生命危险，为的是让我们生活更安全。　　
用in case表目的　　
in case用于引导目的状语从句时，意思是“以防”“以免”。
如：　　
He took his umbrella in case it should rain. 他带上了雨伞，以防下雨。　　
You’d better take the keys in case I’m out. 你最好带上钥匙，以防我不在家。　　
Listen out for the baby in case she wakes up. 注意听宝宝的动静，她醒来好知道。　　
【注】in case 引导的目的状语从句有时也可位于主句之前。
如：　　
In case anyone was following me, I made an elaborate detour.
为了防止有人跟踪我，我特地绕了弯路。　　
注：也有人认为这样用的in case 从句为原因状语从句，意思是“因为怕……”。
比较：　　
I had a snack, just in case there was no time to eat later.
我吃了些点心，以防过会儿没有时间吃饭。
（将in case译成“以防”，将之视为目的状语从句）　　
I had a snack, just in case there was no time to eat later.
我吃了些点心，因为怕过会儿没有时间吃饭。
（将in case译成“因为怕”，将之视为原因状语从句）　　
用for fear (that) 表目的　　
for fear that 用于引导目的状语从句时，与 in case 大致同义，意思是“以防”“以免”。
如：　　
He’s working hard for fear (that) he should fail.
他在努力工作唯恐他会失败。　　
She finally ran away for fear that he would kill her.
她最后逃走了，因为怕被他杀了。　　
Scientists reject a total ban for fear it will undermine efforts to stop the spread of malaria.
科学家们反对全面禁止，以免削弱为防止疟疾扩散所作的努力。　　
【注】 与in case一样，for fear that 引导的从句有时也被理解为原因状语从句，并将其翻译为“因为怕……”。
比较：　　
Shut the window for fear that it may rain.
把窗子关上以防下雨。（将for fear that 译成“以防”，将之视为目的状语从句）　　
Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关上，因为怕下雨。
（将for fear that 译成“因为怕”，将之视为原因状语从句）
【注】如果表示“为了， 以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同， 可用in order to或 so as to取代该目的状语从句。
例:
He hurried through his work in order that he can catch the train.
= He hurried through his work in order to catch the train.
目的状语从句练习
<1> 习题精讲
1. I took my driving license with me on holiday, _______ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
2. I will not make a noise _______ I (should) disturb you.
A. though B. that C. in order that D. for fear that
3. The police officers in our city work hard _______ the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if
4. Lift it up _______ I may see it.
A. though B. so that C. as D. than
5. Read in a good light _______ it should hurt your eyes.
A. so that B. lest C. in order that D. only if
6. We should go by bus _______ we can get there earlier.
A. as soon as B. where C. in order that D.as
【keys】1. A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6. C
<2> 语法填空
The proposal is to pay everything you owe, _______ _______ you can start with a clean slate.
I reminded him several times _______ he should forget.
They flew there _______ _______ _______ they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.
I like to keep a few envelopes about _______ _______ I need them.
He wrote the name down _______ _______ _______ he should forget it.
【keys】1.so that 2.lest 3. in order that 4. in case 5. for fear that