(共26张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
The Martian《火星救援》
Every human being has a basic instinct①： to help each other out. If a hiker gets lost in the mountains, people will coordinate② a search. If a train crashes, people will line up to give blood. If an earthquake levels a city, people all over the world will send emergency supplies. This is so fundamentally human that it's found in every culture without exception③．
人类都有一个本能：会帮助彼此走出困境。若远足者在山里迷路了，会有人组织搜救。若火车撞车了，人们会排着队去献血。若有城市被地震夷为平地，全世界的人都会输送应急物资。这是基本的人性，全球各地都是这样，无一例外。
Farewell Atlantis《2012》
Darling, listen to me. Do you understand how much strength it gives me knowing that you will survive The only thing left to do now is tell the truth to people. At least if they know, families can say goodbye to each other. A mother can comfort④ her children. And a father can ask his daughter for forgiveness⑤．
亲爱的，听我说。得知你将会幸存下来，你知道这给了我多大的力量吗？现在唯一要做的就是把真相告诉人们。如果他们知道了，至少一家人之间可以互相告别。妈妈可以安慰她的孩子，而爸爸也可以向他的女儿请求原谅。
The Day After Tomorrow《后天》
These past few weeks have left us all with a profound⑥ sense of humility in the face of nature's destructive power. For years，we operated under the belief that we could continue consuming our planet's natural resources without consequences. We were wrong. I was wrong. The fact that my first address to you comes from a consulate⑦ on foreign soil is a testament⑧ to our changed reality.
过去的数周，在大自然的摧毁力面前，我们深深地感到人类有多渺小。多年来，我们以为可以无休止地消耗地球资源而无需付出代价。我们错了。我错了。我在一家位于国外的领事馆首次向你们发表演说就证明了时局的变化。
1．instinct / nst kt/n.本能；天性
2．coordinate /k d ne t/v.协调
3．exception / k sep n/n.例外
4．comfort / k mf t/vt.安慰
5．forgiveness /f g vn s/n.原谅
6．profound /pr fa nd/adj.深切的
7．consulate / k nsj l t/n.领事馆
8．testament / test m nt/n.证据，证明
1．_________/d zɑ st (r)/ n．灾难；灾害
2．tornado /t ne d / n．(pl. oes or os)________________
3．___________/dra t/ n．旱灾；久旱
4．landslide / l ndsla d/ n．(landfall) ________________________
5．______/sla d/ vi. & vt. (slid, slid) (使)滑行；滑动
disaster
龙卷风；旋风
drought
(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
slide
6．tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/n._______
7．_______/fl d/n.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入
vt.使灌满水；淹没
8．volcanic eruption /v l k n k r p n/___________
9．magnitude / m gn tju d/ n. _________________
10．_________/ reskju / n．& vt.营救；救援
11．__________/ d m d / vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失
12．__________/d str / vt.摧毁；毁灭
海啸
flood
火山喷发
(地)震级；重大
rescue
damage
destroy
13．___________/ v kjue t/ vt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离
14．helicopter / hel k pt (r)/ n.__________
15．_________/deθ/ n．死；死亡
16．________/ fekt/ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
17．________/ elt (r)/ n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽vi.
躲避(风雨或危险)
evacuate
直升机
death
affect
shelter
n．&vt.(to help someone or something out of danger)援
救；营救
As soon as the accident happened，the rescue team came to the victims' rescue，and they didn't give up any hope of rescuing them from danger．
事故一发生，救援队就来营救受害者了，并且他们没有放弃使他们脱离危险的任何希望。
(1)[新北师必修第一册] The exhausted climbers were waiting for
rescue workers.
精疲力竭的登山者正在等待救援人员。
(2)Tom rescued a boy ________the river on his way home.
汤姆在回家的路上从河里救了一个男孩。
(3)A large number of soldiers were sent there
____________(rescue) those trapped in the building.
大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。
to rescue
(4)The car was buried by the landslide, and the rescue team
___________________．
这辆车因山崩被埋在地下，救援队前来救援。
came to its rescue
(1)vt.(to harm or spoil sth./sb.)损害；破坏
(2)n.(harmful effects on sb./sth.)损坏；损失
(1)Eating too much meat will cause damage to your stomach.
吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
(2)As we all know, smoking can
________________________________. (damage n．)
＝It is well known that smoking can _____________________．
(damage vt.)
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
do/cause damage to our health
damage our health
vt.(to produce a change in sb./sth.)影响；(to attack sb. or
a part of the body; to make sb. become ill/sick)(疾病)侵袭；(to
make sb. have strong feelings of sadness, pity, etc.)深深打动
(1)写出下列各句中affect的含义
①As far as I'm concerned，following others' advice without
thinking will affect our own decision. ______
②Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected by
his speech.___________
③The disease is beginning to affect his eyesight. _______
(2)The story of the little hero__________all of us deeply.
那个小英雄的故事深深地打动了我们所有人。
影响
深深打动
侵袭
affected
(3)__________(affect)by a high fever, but he continued with his
work.
他发着高烧，但仍坚持工作。
(4)As far as I'm concerned, staying up late every day is certain to
__________________________your health.
在我看来，每天熬夜到很晚一定会严重影响你的健康。
Affected
have a serious effect on
(5)一句多译
听众被深深地打动了，掌声经久不息。(affect)
①The audience _____________________，and they
warmly applauded for a long time.
②_________________， the audience warmly applauded for
a long time.(分词作状语)
③The audience, _________________________， warmly
applauded for a long time.(定语从句)
were deeply affected
Deeply affected
who were deeply affected
(1)n.(the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a
basic human need)避难处；庇护所；(protection from bad
weather, danger or attack)庇护
(2)vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
(1)Human beings need food, clothing and shelter．
人类有衣、食、住的需求。
(2)It's so hot, and we'd better find a big tree
to____________________________ the sun.
太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。
(3)This kind of umbrella can shelter you_______the sun.
这种伞能保护你免受日晒。
take/seek/find shelter from
from
(4)We sat in the shade, ____________ from the sun.
我们坐在树荫下，免得被太阳晒。(共65张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period Ⅱ Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)
1．________/kr k/ n．裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. (使)破裂
2．_______/ ru n/ n. & vt.破坏；毁坏
3．__________/p sent/ n．百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中
4．________/br k/ n．砖；砖块
crack
ruin
percent
brick
5．_________/ metl/ n．金属
6．_________/ k/n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt. (使)震惊
7．_____________/ lek tr s ti/ n．电；电能
8．________/tr p/ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱
9．_________/ beri/ vt.埋葬；安葬
10．__________/bri / vi.& vt.呼吸
11．_________/r va v/ vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
12．_________/r va vl/ n．振兴；复苏
13．_________/ ef t/ n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
metal
shock
electricity
trap
bury
breathe
revive
revival
effort
14．_________/ ju n fa / vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
15．___________/ w zd m/ n．智慧；才智
16．___________/ k ntekst/ n．上下文；语境；背景
17．_________/ s f / vt.遭受；蒙受vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)
受苦
unify
wisdom
context
suffer
Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)
1．as ________ 像往常一样
2．as ____ 似乎；好像；仿佛
3．come to an _______ 结束
4．cut ________ 穿过；贯穿；抄近路
5．_____ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
6．________away 把……刮走
7．tens of ____________of 数以万计
usual
if
end
across
in
blow
thousands
8．in _________ 震惊，吃惊
9．_______out 掘出，发现
10．get up _____one's feet 站起来
11．in ________of 在……时候
12．stay __________ 保持积极的态度
shock
dig
on
times
positive
Ⅲ.佳句赏析关(先赏后译)
1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs
refused to go inside buildings.
[赏析] 这是一个并列句，由两个表示并列关系的分句组
成，第一个分句中使用了“too…to…”结构，意为“太……
而不能……”，动词不定式短语to eat作结果状语。
[翻译]
________________________________________________
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
2．Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most
deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake
that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in
Beijing.
[赏析] that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres
away in Beijing为that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a
quake。
[翻译] ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________
3．Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world
that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the
wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
[赏析] prove sth. to sb.向某人证明……；这里的sth.是一个
宾语从句，指代的内容是that in times of disaster, people must
unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a
brighter future.
[翻译] ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________
Ⅳ.课文理解关
Step 1 Pre -reading
Many people believe that “It is always calm before a storm.” Surf the Internet to find out what usually happens before an earthquake.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We may see bright lights in the sky. Animals may become too nervous to eat. They may behave strangely. Well walls may have deep cracks.
Step 2 While -reading
Task 1: Fast reading
Find out the main idea of each part and match them.
Para.1 A．Damage caused by the earthquake.
Paras.2—3 B．Rescue after the earthquake.
Paras.4—5 C．Signs before the earthquake.
Para. 1—C Paras. 2－3—A Paras. 4－5—B
Task 2: Intensive reading
Ⅰ. Read the text and choose the best choice.
( )1．Before the earthquake, people were asleep as usual
because ________．
A．they didn't notice anything strange happen
B．they knew well about earthquakes
C．something strange happened in many places
D．they didn't realise the arrival of an earthquake
D
( )2．The second and third paragraphs are mainly about
________．
A．the great loss the earthquake brought to Tangshan
B．the number of people who were killed or injured
C．when and where an earthquake happened
D．the cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan
A
( )3．What does the sentence“Slowly, the city began to
breathe again” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．The city will not die; it has hope and it can recover
from the pain.
B．The army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to
help people.
C．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
D．Most of the 10，000 miners were rescued.
A
( )4．The title“The night the earth didn't sleep”means
“________”．
A．the earth was awake all night long
B．people on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night
C．the earth shook like crazy that night
D．animals on the earth would not sleep that night
( )5．What is the mood(语气)of this passage
A．Frightened. B．Serious.
C．Serious and sad. D．Calm.
C
C
Ⅱ. Fill in the chart and understand the structure of the passage.
Task 3: Further reading
Discussion：
1．Why did so many people die in the earthquake
____________________________________________________
_______________________________
2．What spirit can we learn from the big earthquake
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
________________
Because it broke out in the early morning and most
people were asleep at that time.
When we are in times of disaster, we must unify and
show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a
brighter future.
Step 3 Post -reading
Task 1：赏语言
1．形象表达
(1)文中第一段第五句中用“nervous”和“refused”这两个词形
象地表达了动物们在地震前的异常反应。文中第二段第三句
中用“deadly”一词要比“terrible”更合适，更能直接地表达出
地震的危害程度。
(2)文中第四段最后一句“Slowly, the city began to breathe
again.”使用了拟人的表达方法，更形象地描写了地震后人们
恢复了正常生活的情景。
2．情感把握
(1)直接描述情感的语言描写，如nervous, deadly, destroy以及
People were in shock…等。
(2)对地震后场面的描述， 如Everywhere survivors looked,
there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was
destroyed. 表达了作者严肃、悲伤的感情。
3．逻辑运用
(1)文中第四段第一句“But hope was not lost.”中“But”这一转
折词引出了地震后的全国人民的支援和救援工作。
(2)文中最后一段第一句“Tangshan started to revive itself and
get back up on its feet.”是承上启下的句子，进一步说明地震
后人们所取得的成就。
Task 2：析结构
Task 3: 理文化
“一方有难，八方支援”一直是中华民族的优良传统，是我们宝贵的精神财富，集中体现为人与人之间的相互帮扶和支持。
习近平总书记说：“40年前的大地震虽然摧毁了一个城市，但没有摧毁唐山人民和全国军民的坚强意志。党中央坚强领导和全国广大军民支持帮助下，唐山人民以顽强拼搏的精神投入抗震救灾和灾后恢复重建，在中华民族奋斗史上谱写了一部可歌可泣的壮丽诗篇。”
Step 4 Summary Writing
根据课文内容写一篇60词左右的概要。
____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
__________________________
On July 28，1976，a terrible earthquake struck Tangshan and caused great damage to the city. Though there were some signs before the earthquake, people thought little of them. Soon after the earthquake, soldiers were sent to rescue survivors and the workers helped to rebuild the city. With the support of the government，a new Tangshan appeared.
Part 1 核心词汇解读
n．& vt.(to spoil or destroy something completely)破坏；
毁坏
(1)It's silly of you __________(ruin) your good workout by
eating junk food.
你吃垃圾食品破坏了你良好的锻炼，真是愚蠢。
(2)No matter how famous a brand is，it can ____________
(ruin)once it betrays the trust of consumers.
无论一个品牌有多大名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任，它就
有可能会被毁灭。
to ruin
be ruined
(3)The wind and rain did much damage to the palace, but the
villagers just let it _______________．
风雨对宫殿造成了很大的破坏，但村民们却任其成为废墟。
(4)When they returned to their hometown the next day，they
found it ____ruins.
当他们第二天回到故乡的时候，他们发现那里已是一片废墟。
in
(1)n.[U](a strong feeling of surprise as a result of sth.
happening, especially sth. unpleasant)震惊；[C](the event
that causes this feeling)令人震惊的事；[U]休克
(2)vt.(to surprise and upset sb.)(使)震惊
People were shocked to see that the UFO was flying over the city. The shocking news shocked all the people around, which was also a great shock to people all over the country. 人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物在这座城市的上空飞行。这个让人震惊的消息震惊了周围的所有人，也极大震惊了全国各地的人们。
(1)What happened gave me a big shock and left a deep
impression on me.
发生的这件事让我特别震惊，并且给我留下了深刻的印象。
(2)[新外研必修第一册]When I recovered from the shock, I
looked at my camera.
当我从震惊中反应过来的时候，我看了看我的相机。
(3)Rescue workers were __________(shock) by what they saw
after the landslide．
救援人员被山体滑坡后眼前的景象震惊了。
(4)The news ___________(shock)the public，leading to great
concern about students' safety at school.
这个消息使公众震惊，导致了对在校学生安全的担心。
shocked
shocked
(1)vt．(to keep sb. in a dangerous place or bad situation that
they want to get out of but cannot)使落入险境；(to trick sb.
into sth.)使陷入圈套
(2)n．(an unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escape)
险境；陷阱
(1)If you choose this way，you're likely to fall into a trap．
如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。
(2)When hiking in the mountain, he was accidentally trapped in
a trap which was made for animals.
上山远足时，他无意中被困在为逮动物而挖的陷阱里。
(3)By clever questioning they trapped him _______telling the
truth.
他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。
into
(4)Once you _________________________________________，
it will not be easy to get out of it.
你一旦落入圈套，摆脱它就不那么容易了。
fall/walk into a trap/are caught in a trap
vt.(to hide sth. under the ground)埋藏；(to place a dead
body in a grave)掩埋；(to cover sth. so that it cannot be seen)
埋住，覆盖
Before getting married, she buried herself in her work; after getting married, she was buried in her family. So she joked that marriage buried her dream now and then．结婚前，她一心工作；结婚后，她忙于家庭。所以，她有时开玩笑说，婚姻毁了她的梦想。
(1)Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research
work.
自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。
(2)She ______________________________ and wept when she
heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
buried her face in her hands
(3)__________(bury) in his study, he didn't know that all the
others had left.
＝__________(bury) himself in his study, he didn't know
that all the others had left.
＝Because he ____________(bury) in his study, he didn't
know that all the others had left.
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
Buried
Burying
was buried
n．(sth. that takes a lot of energy)努力；(an attempt to
do sth., especially when it is difficult to do)艰难的尝试；尽力
effort表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名
词。若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，尤其与
all，these等修饰语连用时。
(1)[新译林必修第一册]Most importantly, your time and effort at
senior high school will open the door to your potential.
最重要的是，你在高中的时间和努力会为你的潜能打开大门。
(2)As far as I'm concerned, you should
__________________________________________ to study
hard.
依我看来， 你应该更加努力学习。
(3)If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I
will_________________________the task.
如果我足够幸运被给予这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完
成这项任务。
make a greater effort/make greater efforts
spare no effort to finish
(4)Although _______________________________to do it, it will
bring you the satisfaction of a job well done.
虽然做这件事情要花费时间和精力，但它会给你带来做好一
件工作后的满足感。
it takes much time and effort
vt.(to experience sth. unpleasant, such as injury,
defeat or loss)遭受；蒙受
vi.(to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sadness, etc.)(因疾
病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(1)suffer指遭受抽象的损害、痛苦等，如suffer
pain/defeat/losses/the result/side effects“遭受痛苦/失败/损失/
(承受)结果/副作用”。
(2)suffer from 意为“受……折磨/之苦；患……病；受……的折
磨；因……受到损害(或损失)”，如suffer from a bad cold/a
headache/overwork/floods/droughts/a natural disaster“患重
感冒/头痛/受加班之苦/遭受洪灾/旱灾/自然灾害”。
We all want to do something to help those sufferers out of their sufferings．
我们都想做些事去帮助那些受苦者摆脱痛苦。
(1)Within a few days she had become seriously ill, suffering
great pain and discomfort.
几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍，全身不舒服。
(2)Although we are suffering from such a severe natural
disaster, we will eventually overcome the difficulty as long as
we don't lose heart．
尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克
服困难。
(3)[新译林必修第一册] However, if your friend ignores your
feelings or ___________________， it's time to rethink
your relationship.
然而，如果你的朋友忽视你的感受或者让你痛苦，那么是时
候重新考虑你们的关系了。
makes you suffer
(4)Death finally brought an end to her ______________(suffer).
死亡最终结束了她的痛苦。
Part 2 核心句型剖析
suffering(s)
“too＋adj./adv.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.”表示否定的
意义，意思是“太……而不能……”。too… to… 结构可与
so…that…结构互换，注意此时so的后面接形容词或副词，
that后的从句用否定形式。
(1)在too…to…结构中，如使用表示人的心情或意愿的、具有
积极意义的形容词，如eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready,
willing等，通常无法用否定意义来解释。这时，不定式表示
肯定意义，too(前面通常有only修饰)相当于very。
(2)can't/can never be too…＝can't/can never be…enough再怎
么……也不过分。
(1)The bike is too heavy for him ____________(control).
这辆自行车对他来说太重，无法控制。
(2)He was too eager ___________(know)the result of his
examination.
他迫切想知道考试的结果。
to control
to know
(3)You can't be too careful (＝You can never be careful enough)
_________(do)your homework.
你做作业越仔细越好(＝你做作业无论怎样仔细也不过分)。
(4)Your brother is too young to be fit for the work.
＝Your brother is________________he is not fit for the work.
你弟弟太小还不能胜任这项工作。
to do
so young that
as if (＝ as though)“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表
语从句和方式状语从句。
(1)as if是连词词组，意为“好像，好似”，相当于as though，常用
在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后，其意思是
“看起来好像……”。as if 所引导的从句如果表示的情况接近事
实，句子要用陈述语气；如果与事实相反，句子要用虚拟语
气。
(2)如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句中含
有be动词，可省略从句的主语和be动词，这样as if 后只剩下名
词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.
她匆忙离开了房间，好像生气了。
(1)[新译林必修第一册]It seems as if my grades are the most
important thing in her life.
我的成绩似乎是她生命中最重要的东西。(陈述语气)
(2)He opened his mouth as if he ________________________．
他张开嘴好像要说些什么。
(3)Actually，they completely ignore these facts as if
_____________________．
事实上，他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。
(与现在事实相反)
would say something
they never existed
(4)He talked about the Great Wall as if he __________(be) there
before.
他说起长城就好像他以前去过那儿似的。(与过去事实相反)
had been
leave作使役动词，意为“使……处于某状态”，构
成的句式为：
(1)She ran away and left her friend in the rain alone.
她跑开了，留下她的朋友一个人在雨中。
(2)I can't leave such an important matter_________________．
我不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。
(3)You shouldn't have left water __________(run).
你不该让水一直流着。
undone/unfinished
running
(4)Did you leave the doors and windows properly_________
(close)
你把门窗关好了吗？
(5)This matter left her _______________________．
这件事使她没有一丝一毫的希望。
closed
without a ray of hope(共33张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
——限制性定语从句(1)(that，which，who，whom，whose)
Students' recreational activities are an important part of campus culture construction. Recreational activities can provide students with relaxation, personal contact and social practice platform, and it is an effective way to strengthen the physique of students.
学生的娱乐活动是校园文化建设的重要组成部分。 娱乐活动可以给予学生放松、提供个人交往和社交实践的平台，也是增强学生体质的有效途径。
一、词汇梳理
n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
supply意为“补给品”时，要用复数形式supplies。
(1)There is a crying need for more medical supplies for the
survivors．
幸存者们急需更多医疗药品。
(2)The supply_______coal and gas would not last forever.
煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。
of
(3)At the beginning of the term every year, students____________
(supply) with a list of books that they are expected to read.
在每年学期开始时，学生们会得到一张他们要读的书的清单。
(4)The port is vital to ________ relief _____ millions of drought
victims.
这个港口至关重要，为数百万干旱灾民提供救济。
(5)We can't promise it, for raw materials are _____ short supply.
我们不能保证，因为原材料短缺。
are supplied
supply
to
in
vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过
survive 表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因此其后不要加多余的介词in, from等。
The little girl was the survivor who survived the strong earthquake. She told the reporter that she had to survive on little food during the days when she was buried. I think her survival was a real wonder.
这个小女孩是这场大地震的幸存者。她告诉记者，她在被埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。我想她的幸存还真的是一个奇迹。
(1)Friendless and jobless, he wondered how he would survive the
year ahead.
他没有朋友，也没有工作，不知道接下来的一年该如何度过。
(2)The family are struggling to survive _____ very little money.
这个家庭靠很少的钱艰难度日。
(3)The car was badly damaged, but the front passengers were
lucky to _____________________．
汽车损坏严重，但前排的乘客很幸运地在事故中活了下来。
on
survive the accident
(4)The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers ______
ten years.
那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹都多活了10年。
by
二、语法梳理
读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的共性。
1．There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2．Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
3．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the
quake was more than 400，000.
4．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to
Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the
dead.
5．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been
destroyed.
6．A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016
earthquake in Ecuador.
7．Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have
won praise.
8．The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were
collected from around the country.
我的发现：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。
定语从句是用来充当句中定语的从句，它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词，其位置位于被修饰的名词、代词之后。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，关系词分为两种：关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有：that，which，who，whom和whose。
探究点1: 关系代词的基本用法
1．指人用who, whom, that; 作主语时用who，that，且不可省
略；作宾语时可用who，whom，that，且可以省略。
You may have chances to meet new people who/that will
become your lifelong friends.
你可能有机会结识将成为你一生的朋友的新人。(指人，作
主语)
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person (whom) she
could turn to for help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(指人，作宾
语)
2．指物用which，that; 作主语时不可省略；作宾语时可以省
略。
I can well remember the accident that happened on a rainy
Sunday afternoon.
我清楚地记得在一个下雨的星期天下午发生的那场事故。
(指物，作主语)
The dictionary (which/that) I bought last week is very useful
and handy.
我上周买的字典很有用。(指物，作宾语)
3．whose既可指人，也可指物。在从句中作定语，whose＋n.相
当于the＋n.＋of whom/which。
This is the scientist whose name(＝the name of whom) is
known all over the country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nobody wants the house whose roof(＝the roof of which) has
fallen in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
4．在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，指人用whom，
不用who。指物用which, 不用that。
He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.
他是我们大家都愿意学习的人。(作介词宾语，指人用whom)
The house in which George used to live is for rent now.
乔治曾经住过的那所房子现在正在出租。(作介词宾语，指物
用which)
用关系代词填空
(1)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth____________
gives off light in the dark.
在夹克的边缘，有一块可以在黑暗中发光的布。
(2)Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia decided to donate
a large bag of toys to a little girl ________mother was unable
to pay for her holiday due to illness.
由于我们的努力，我们的女儿Georgia决定捐赠一大袋玩具给
一个小女孩，小女孩的妈妈由于生病而没能力支付她的假期
费用。
that/which
whose
(3)The land is known for a historic site with beautifully coloured
walls, on _________ are painted the events of the past.
这片土地因有着美丽的彩色墙壁的历史遗迹而闻名，墙壁上
画有过去的事件。
which
探究点2：用that不用which的情况
1．当先行词是all，much，little等不定代词或被这些不定代词修
饰时或先行词是指物的不定代词anything，nothing，
something时。
This is all that I can do for you.
这就是我所能为你做的全部事情。
You can take any seat that is free.
空着的任何座位你都可以坐。
Have you taken down everything that your teacher said
你把老师讲的都记下来了吗？
2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3．当先行词被the only，the very，the last修饰时。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her.
聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4．当先行词既有人，又有物时。
The film star and her film that you have just talked about are
really well known.
你刚刚谈到的那位影星和她的影片是非常出名的。
5．当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用
that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be．
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
单句语法填空
(1)This is the most beautiful park _______I have ever visited.
(2)We often talk about the people and things _____we remember.
(3)I have found the very pen _______ I lost yesterday.
that
that
that
探究点3：用which不用that的情况
1．在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他住的房间。
2．引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tom came back, which made us very happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3．在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一个定语
从句的关系代词是that，那么另一个定语从句的关系代词就
要用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library
which was newly open.
让我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。
用关系代词填空
(1)The house in _______I used to live has become a shoe shop.
(2)Have you ever read the book，________was written by a
young girl
which
which
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和
先行词的数保持一致。“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动
词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语
动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles
Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned
French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的
整个情况。这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数
形式。
He said he was a Frenchman, which was not true.
他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。
2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句
中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.
这就是我们上个星期天参观过的工厂。(visited后不可加it)
3．关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代
词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾
语，不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
4．技法：两步并举，关系代词选定不用愁
Step 1：寻找先行词，辨别人与物
先行词指人时常用who，whom，that；指物时常用 that, which。
Step 2：判断所缺成分，选择关系词
当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用who(主语或宾语)，that(主语或宾语), which(主语或宾语)，whom(宾语), whose(定语)。
单句语法填空
(1)All that can be done______(have) been done.
所有能做的都已经做了。
(2)The student you should learn from is the one ______ studies
hard.
你应该向学习努力刻苦的学生学习。
(3)He is one of the students _______ _________ from Spain.
他是来自西班牙的学生之一。
has
who
who
come/are
(4)Tom was late for class again, ________made his teacher
really angry.
汤姆又迟到了，这令他的老师很生气。
which(共48张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period Ⅳ Reading for Writing
1．________/kr / vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n._______________
2．_________/swi p/ vt. & vi.(________，_____________)打扫；
清扫_______________消灭；彻底消除
3．________/we v/n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
4．_________/stra k/ vi.& vt. (__________，________ /________)
侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击
crash
撞车；碰撞
sweep
swept
wave
strike
struck
struck
stricken
swept
5．___________/d l v (r)/vt. & vi.递送；传达vt.发表
6．_____________/ s m ri/ n．总结；概括；概要
7．__________/ fekt/ n．影响；结果；效果
8．___________/le θ/ n．长；长度
deliver
summary
effect
length
Step 1 Pre -writing
1．What is a tsunami What causes it Will it cause great
damage to humans
______
2．What is the writing style of this text
_________________
略。
A news report.
Step 2 While -writing
1．输入为先，阅读梳理文脉
Task 1：文本整体理解： 关注布局谋篇
What's the news report about Where can we locate the main idea
The passage is mainly about _______________________________. Usually __________ of a report suggests the main idea.
the most powerful tsunami in Asia
the title
Task 2：文本细节理解：选择最佳答案
( )1．What caused the tsunami
A．A hurricane. B．A typhoon.
C．A flood. D．An earthquake.
( )2．What was the magnitude of the earthquake that
happened on 27 December, 2004
A．7.0. B．9.0.
C．7.5. D．6.0.
D
( )3．Why were food and supplies hard to deliver
A．Because there was not enough food and supplies.
B．Because rescue teams dared not go.
C．Because conditions were dangerous and roads were
destroyed.
D．Because governments didn't organise rescue teams.
C
2．细读课文，关注表达策略
1．第一段使用了并列连词and，从总体上介绍了海啸发生的时
间、地点及破坏程度，各句之间衔接紧凑，逻辑清晰。
2．第二、三段主要运用and, however等衔接词从细节方面详细
介绍了海啸造成的破坏。
1．第一段第二句中用“sweep”形象地表达出了海浪造成破坏的严
重程度。第一句中使用了 that引导的定语从句(that crashed
into coastlines…)，现在分词短语作状语(killing more than
6，500 people…)；第二句使用了过去分词短语作定语
(caused by the strong earthquake…)以及that引导的定语从句
(that reached a magnitude…)，这些高级句式的运用使得文
章精彩纷呈。第三段第一句中用“thousands of”表达了海啸
危害的人数之多。
2．第二、三段主要使用了被动语态，be doing… when, make＋it
＋adj.＋to do sth.等高级句式彰显了较强的语言功底。
vi.&vt.(to have an accident)碰撞，撞击； n．(汽车、飞
机等) 撞车(机)事故
(1)They had a narrow escape when their car crashed．
他们的汽车撞毁时，他们真是死里逃生。
(2)The plane ______________a mountainside, killing all aboard.
飞机坠毁在山腰，机上人员全部遇难。
(3)We could hear waves ____________(crash) against the shore.
我们能听到海浪拍击海岸的声音。
(4)The vase landed on the floor _________a crash.
花瓶砰的一声掉在地板上。
crashed into
crashing
with
killing more than 6，500 people…为现在分词短语作结果状语。
(1)He is always late for class，________(make)his teacher angry.
他上学总是迟到， 使老师很生气。
(2)She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground，
__________(break) it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
(3)He hurried to the theatre, only _________(find) that the tickets
had been sold out.
他匆忙赶到剧院，却发现票已经卖完了。
breaking
to find
n.(a line of raised water that moves across the surface of
the sea, ocean, etc.)波浪，波涛；(a movement of your arm and
hand from side to side)挥手v.波动；起伏；挥手
(1)She refused my suggestion with a wave of her hand.
她摆摆手拒绝了我的建议。
(2)[新译林必修第二册]Iceboxes of soft drinks and beer lined the
narrow streets, and the smell of roasted meat filled the air as
we passed __________________ of street stands.
当我们经过一波又一波街头小摊时，装着汽水和啤酒的冰箱排
列在狭窄的街道两边，空气中弥漫着烤肉的味道。
(3)He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.
＝He waved _______us as the bus drove off.
公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。
(4)They came to the front door ___________________．
他们来到前门挥手告别。
wave after wave
to/at
to wave goodbye
(1)vi.& vt. 侵袭；突击；(to hit sb./sth. hard or with force)击打；
突然想到；敲，鸣，报时
(2)n.罢工；罢课；袭击
(1)____________________I would have an important meeting in
Shanghai the next day.
我突然想起来第二天我在上海有一个重要的会议。
(2)The visitors _____________(strike) by the beauty of the tourist
area.
游客们被旅游区的美景迷住了。
It struck me that
were struck
(3)The workers decided to ______________ for higher pay.
工人们决定为争取更高的工资而罢工。
(4)写出下列句子中strike的含义
①The clock struck twelve when I got home last night. ________
②A terrible earthquake did strike the northeast of Japan on
March 11._______
③A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper.
____________
④The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.
______________
go on strike
(钟)报时
侵袭
突然想到
打动，迷住
vt. & vi.(to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or
people they have been sent to)递送；传达；vt.(to give a speech,
talk, etc. )发表
deliver后不接双宾语，即不能说deliver sb. sth.，只能说deliver sth. to sb.。
(1)It was very considerate of you to deliver milk _______our door
every morning.
你考虑得非常周到，每天早上把牛奶送到我们家门口。
(2)Hans was asked ____________(deliver) a speech at the
graduation ceremony at Harvard University.
汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。
to
to deliver
(3)I wonder why you refused ___________(deliver) my letters to
my home last week.
我想知道上周你为什么拒绝把我的信送到我家。
(4)You can pay for the carpet on ___________(＝when it is
delivered).
地毯可以货到付款。
to deliver
delivery
(1)[新译林必修第一册]They are increasing their efforts to
educate teens about the _____________ of losing weight too
quickly.
他们正在加大力度来教育青少年减肥过快的副作用。
(2)The measures taken by the local government will come_______
effect next month.
当地政府采取的措施将于下个月生效。
side effects
into
(3)There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect
______the children.
不可否认，读书会对儿童有良好的影响。
(4)In my opinion, go outdoors to play team games with your
friends，which is an ____________(effect) way to get rid of
anger.
在我看来，和你的朋友去户外玩团队游戏，这是一个摆脱愤怒
的有效方式。
on
effective
该句中when为并列连词，意为“就在这时、突然”，
相当于and then/just at that time。其句型结构为sb.was doing
sth.when…“某人正在做某事，这时……”。
(1)He was about halfway through his meal when a familiar voice
came to his ear.
他吃到一半的时候，一个熟悉的声音传到了他的耳朵里。
(2)[新译林必修第二册]A child and a man ______________ on the
beach _______ the child found a shell and held it to his ear.
一个孩子和一个男子正在沙滩上散步，孩子突然发现了一个
贝壳，并拿起放在耳边。
were walking
when
(3)We _______________ (roll) along merrily when suddenly we
had a burst tyre.
我们正乘车快乐地行进着，突然轮胎爆了。
(4)He ________________(not, go) far when he entered a very
narrow passage between two mountains.
他没走多远就进入了两山之间的一个狭窄通道。
(5)We were about _________(get) on the train when the explosion
occurred. Fortunately, no one was seriously injured.
我们刚要上火车突然发生了爆炸。所幸的是，没有人受重伤。
were rolling
had not gone
to get
概要是一种对原始文献或文章的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。读者在正确理解文章的基础上， 在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点，写出一篇内容概要。
No details——抓住主旨大意，省去细节信息。
No examples——抓住主题要点，省去举例说明。
No repetition——抓住文本主线，省去重复信息。
No comments——抓住作者意图，不加任何评论。
No copying——抓住关键信息，巧妙同义转换。
1．要点齐全。要点全面是评分的重要方面，因此学生要训练
自己的语篇能力和阅读能力，既把握文本的整体和部分，
又把握它们之间的逻辑关系。
2．精炼简洁。精炼指的是概括的内容要高度浓缩。学生可以
利用概括的方法对文本内容进行提炼，用删略的方法去换
不重要或者不必要的细节。简洁指的是所使用的语言简
练。学生可以用抽象的、概括性的语言代替具体形象的语
言。
3．灵活转换。语言转换就是用不同的词或句式来表达与原有
内容相同的意义。可以通过同义、近义和反义变换来替换
需要被替换的词汇；句子重构可以改变原有句子中个别词
和词组在句子中充当的语法成分或变换句式来实现。
1．读：细读原文材料，准确理解原文
(1)理解作者的意图、观点和态度；
(2)理解文章的基本结构；
(3)理解主旨和要义。
2．思：确定大纲框架，盘点要点信息
发现问题：陈述是什么问题——是什么(what)
分析问题：原因1：……——为什么(why)
原因2：……
原因 3：……
解决问题：陈述怎么来解决这个问题——怎么办(how)
3．写：关注内在逻辑，整合修改成文。
简而言之，概要(summary writing)的写作步骤可以概括为：
Finding topic sentence(s)(找主题句)＋Paraphrase(变式表达：
主动句变被动句、同义词替换、概括性词汇代替具体数字等)
＋Adding linking words(增加衔接词)
微技能1 高度概括
She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.
概括为—She brought home a lot of books and newspapers to read during the winter vacation.
微技能2 分析文章结构
Though big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages.
Traffic is the first and often most serious problem. During the rush time, all the streets are jammed.
Air pollution comes second. Factories and cars are constantly giving off harmful gases. If the weather is bad, you will find the whole city overcast with smog.
However, noise and violence are to be found in some big cities and the situation seems to get worse year by year.
本文讲了三层意思：
(1)Big cities have their own disadvantages.
(2)Problems (traffic, air pollution, noise and violence) in big cities.
(3)The situation seems to be getting worse year by year.
概括为—Big cities offer people many conveniences, but they certainly have problems, such as traffic problems, air pollution, noise and violence. And the situation seems to be getting worse year by year.
微技能3 删除细节
What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.
本段要点是：Chemical fertilizers damage the land and affect humans' health.
微技能4 同义替换
Companies use colours to ___________________________
___________________．
＝Companies use colours to ___________________________
_________________________________________________．
①My name is Hua Fei and I am a sporting robot of the 23rd century. I am an expert at high flying exercises. I jump from spaceships and as I fall, I turn, dive, circle and dance until I softly land as close as I can to the finishing line. Robot competitions in the 23rd century are truly a popular sport. Fans from all over China watch their handhelds when a competition comes on. Last time I took part in the 78th Olympics on a flying island above Brussels in the sky. I won the silver medal for my performance.
②This year I had the honour to be chosen again. I wanted to meet robots from other countries and explore ideas about our sport. However, my programmer fell ill the week before we were going to leave. It was very painful for her and I felt very frightened. I no longer felt so confident that I would win.
③The day of the competition was rather cold for my legs and my special oil began to freeze. I paused before I jumped from the starting place on a little spaceship but then I began my performance.At the correct moment I tried to open my parachute but there was a problem. It only opened a
little.Instead of flying softly to earth, I began to fall faster and faster so that I could not turn, dive, circle or dance. My heart stopped beating as I landed heavily on a mountain covered with snow.
④This is why I am writing to you from my hospital bed with two broken legs and a fragile head. I did not win anything at the Olympics after all. I need the factory to build me two new legs and an even bigger head. Then I will be able to compete once more. Let's hope for greater success in the next Olympics!
【写作指导】
Para.1: Basic information
(原文)Hua Fei is a sporting robot of the 23rd century. He is an expert at high flying exercises. He took part in the 78th Olympics and won a silver medal.
概括为——Hua Fei, a sporting robot of the 23rd century, who is good at high flying exercises, got a silver medal in the 78th Olympics.
Paras.2－3：The 79th Olympics that Hua Fei took part in
(原文)Before the competition, his programmer fell ill. Knowing this, Hua Fei was frightened and no longer felt confident. In the day of the competition, there was a problem with the parachute. He fell from the sky and landed heavily on a mountain.
概括为——Hua Fei failed in the 79th Olympics for his programmer's illness，which made him nervous.What's worse, his parachute went wrong.
Para 4：The treatment of Hua Fei
Where：lying in hospital bed
What happened：____________________________________
Treatment：___________________________________
概括为——He is now in hospital with two broken legs and a fragile head while he is still looking forward to next success.
Two broken legs and a fragile head
Two new legs and a bigger head
【参考范文】
Hua Fei, a sporting robot of the 23rd century, who is good at high flying exercises, got a silver medal in the 78th Olympics. However, Hua Fei failed in the 79th Olympics for his programmer's illness，which made him nervous.What's worse, his parachute went wrong.Thus he is now in hospital with two broken legs and a fragile head while he is still looking forward to next success.(共13张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period Ⅵ Project & Video Time
★话题词汇
1．harmony n. 和谐
2．lack n. 缺乏
3．source n. 来源；起源，根源
4．habitat n. 栖息地
5．threaten v. 威胁
6．severe adj. 严峻的
7．atmosphere n. 大气；气氛
8．challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
9．decrease/decline v. 减少，变小
10．disappearance n. 消失
11．terrify v. 恐吓；使恐怖
12．extinction n. 灭绝
13．preserve v. 保护；保持，保存
14．punishment n. 惩罚
15．responsibility n. 责任，职责
16．donate…to… 向……捐赠……
17．economic losses 经济损失
18．come to one's rescue 前来救某人
19．take on a new look 呈现新面貌
20．earthquake relief 抗震救灾
★话题句型
1．I'd appreciate it (＝It couldn't be better) if you could take my
tips into account/consideration and I do hope that your
newspaper will make a difference to environmental
protection．
如果你们考虑我的建议我将感激不尽，我非常希望你们的报
纸对环境保护有意义。
2．Nowadays, with the development of economy，many cities are
faced with serious environmental problems，which does great
harm to people's health.
现在，随着经济的发展，许多城市面临着严重的环境问题，
这对人们的健康十分有害。
3．It's high/about time that we paid much attention to protecting
our environment.
到了我们应该高度重视保护我们的环境的时候了。
4．I believe if everyone does his bit to protect the wetlands, the
wetlands are sure to be well preserved and we can enjoy a
more harmonious environment．
我相信如果每个人都致力于保护湿地，那么湿地就能得到很
好的保护，我们能够享受更加和谐的环境。
5．Faced with this severe situation，we are supposed to raise the
awareness of environmental protection.
面对这种恶劣的情况，我们应该提高环境保护的意识。
★话题时文
Compared with other causes of natural disasters, volcanoes offer clues only when they are about to erupt. Now, however, developments in monitoring systems have allowed scientists to develop sensors(感应器) to detect and forecast eruptions more accurately.
University of Cambridge volcanologist Marie Edmonds says that scientists are now able to use very accurate sensors to monitor the gases volcanoes give out, which can give clues on the location of the magma(岩浆). The sensors help with prediction
because different gases are released at different stages of an eruption. When magma rises, pressure is released along with gases. Carbon dioxide(CO2) is released early on and then, as the magma goes higher, sulphur dioxide(SO2) is released. The ratio of the two gases is used to detect the location of magma to the surface, telling researchers the coming of the eruption.
Edmonds is connected to an international group known as the Deep Carbon Observatory that has worked to put new gas sensors on fifteen of the most active and dangerous volcanoes to improve the forecasting of various types of eruptions. The gas sensors
continually measure water vapor, sulphur dioxide, and carbon dioxide. They are placed inside large boxes with the surface antennae and buried underground. Advances in electronics have increased their accuracy and lowered their cost, allowing more of them to be used worldwide.
Putting these sensors atop active volcanoes is dangerous. Scientists wear reflective suits that protect against heat, plus gas masks for protection from dangerous gases. They sometimes hike long distances in remote areas to reach a site. However, according to Edmonds, the work they do to save people's lives makes a dangerous job worth it. She enjoys doing something that helps people.
Edmonds' team has also attached sensors to a certain plane to measure gases released from a Papua New Guinea volcano for a short time, a technique developed to gather “snapshots” of the activity. These snapshots help researchers to better understand activities that lead to eruptions.(共24张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Period Ⅴ Listening and Talking&Assessing
Your Progress
[Listening and Talking]
1．__________/ pa (r)/ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
2．________/t p/ vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
3．________/pa p/ n．管子；管道
4．__________/ w sl/ vi.吹口哨；发出笛声
vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
5．______________/i m d nsi/ n．突发事件；紧急情况
6．_________/kɑ m/ adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静
power
tap
pipe
whistle
emergency
calm
7．________/e d/ n．援助；帮助；救援物资
vi.& vt. (formal)帮助；援助
8．________/k t/ n．成套工具；成套设备
first aid kit急救箱
9．_______hand现有(尤指帮助)
aid
kit
on
n．(the public supply of electricity)电力供应；(the
strength or energy contained in sth.)力量；(the ability to
control people or things)控制力；能力
(1)The number you dialed is power off.
你拨打的电话已关机。
(2)As is known to us, knowledge is power．
众所周知，知识就是力量。
(3)Since he ________________，he has______________for almost
five years.
自从他上台，已执政将近五年了。
came to power
been in power
(4)I am sure that he has the power___________(finish)the task on
time.
我确信他有能力按时完成这项工作。
(5)[新北师必修第二册]I began to think how amazing a thing it
was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see
the___________________．
我开始思考，以这种方式死去是多么令人惊叹，看到大自然
的力量是多么美妙。
to finish
power of nature
(1)adj.(not excited, nervous or upset)镇静的；沉着的
(2)vt.(to make sb./sth. become quiet and more relaxed, especially
after strong emotion or excitement)使平静；使镇静
(1)[新译林必修第一册]He finally ________________， but it took
some time.
他最终平静下来了，但还是花了一些时间。
(2)These activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it
hard for them to ______________ and sleep.
睡前的这些活动会让所有的孩子非常兴奋，让他们很难平静
下来入睡。
calm down
(3)That we should _________________________ in the face of
danger matters much in case of an emergency.
在危险面前我们应该保持镇静，这在紧急情况下是很重要的。
stay/keep/remain calm
She is a quiet girl.She stood still and kept silent when the teacher asked her questions.But after a while, she answered all the questions in a calm voice.
她是个安静的女孩。当老师问她问题的时候，她一动不动地站着，一言不发。但过了一会儿，她以镇静的口气回答了所有问题。
n．&vt.帮助；援助；资助
Tom was injured in an accident and John came to his aid. With the aid of him, Tom recovered soon and learned to carry out first aid．Later, he aided a child to survive/in surviving a deadly disease.
汤姆在一次事故中受伤，约翰来帮助他。在他的帮助下，汤姆很快就康复了，并学会了进行急救。后来，他帮助一个患病的孩子活了过来。
(1)With the aid of our teachers，we learned how to perform first
aid．
在老师的帮助下， 我们学会了如何进行急救。
(2)I'd be very grateful if you can aid me ______my English.
如果你能帮助我学习英语我将不胜感激。
(3)He is so helpful a boy that he often aids his mother___________
(clean) the house.
他是一个乐于助人的男孩，他经常帮助他的母亲打扫房子。
with
to clean
(4)[新译林必修第二册]However, _______________________ isn't
always preferred．
但是，计算机的辅助并不总是首选。
the aid of computers
单元小结
Ⅰ.核心词汇
1．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入
vt.使灌满水；淹没
be flooded ________大量送至；充满
2．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
do great damage______对……造成巨大的损害
with
to
3．________vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
be __________by heat/cold 中暑/着凉
4．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
lie/be __________ 严重受损
affect
affected
in ruins
5．shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊
be __________to do sth.做某事感到震惊
__________adj.吃惊的；震惊的；__________adj.令人震惊的6．_________vi.& vt.呼吸
___________________屏住呼吸；________________气喘吁吁
地，上气不接下气地
7．effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
_______________________sth.努力做某事；
_______________________ sth.不遗余力地做某事
shocked
shocked
shocking
breathe
hold one's breath
out of breath
make an effort to do
spare no effort to do
8．_________vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
9．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给
__________sb. ________sth. 给某人提供某物；_________sth.
_____sb. 给某人提供某物；_________________供不应求
10．survive vt.幸存；艰难度过 vi. 生存；存活
_____________依靠……生存下来；A survive B ______…A
比B活得长……岁
11．________adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
______________安静下来；______________________保持
镇静
suffer
supply
with
supply
to
in short supply
survive on
by
calm
calm down
stay/keep/remain calm
12．_______hand 现有(尤其指帮助)
____________________…，____________________一方面
……，另一方面……； in hand在手头；在进行中；在控
制中； hand in hand手拉手地，联合；__________ 交上；
提交；呈送
13．sweep _______消灭；彻底清除
on
on the one hand
on the other hand
hand in
away
14．strike vt. & vi.(_________，_______________) 侵袭；突击；
击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
be ________by被……打动/迷住了；it___________________
sb. that… 某人突然想起；strike…______one's heart 使……
刻骨铭心；go on strike举行罢工；be on strike在罢工
15．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表
_________sth. ______sb.给某人送某物；
________________________演讲/讲座；__________n．投递
struck
struck/stricken
struck
strikes/hits/occurs to
into
deliver
to
deliver a speech/lecture
delivery
16．effect n．影响；结果；效果
____________副作用；come ____________生效，见效；
have________________ 对……产生影响；bring/carry/put
…into effect实施，使……生效/起作用；be_____________
无效果的
side effect
into effect
an effect on
of no effect
Ⅱ.经典句型
1．Chickens and even pigs ________ _______ __________
______ _______，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡，甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食，狗不肯进建筑物里面
去。
2．_______ _________ ______ _____ the world were coming
to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
were
too
nervous
to
eat
It
seemed
as
if
3．I _______ ________ ____________ with my three children
when water started filling my home.
我正和三个孩子吃早饭，这时水灌进了我家里。
4．The earthquake ______________ ___________ _______
___________ _______ ________ shocked the people all over
the world.
发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
was
having
breakfast
that/which
happened
in
Tangshan
in
1976
