(共15张PPT)
你好,中国!
Hello, China!
Confucius and Chinese philosophy
英语精读 逐句精讲
重点词汇
逐句精讲
Born in 551 BC, Confucius, Kong zi, has made the greatest contribution to Chinese culture of anyone in history.
孔子于公元前551年出生,是历史上对中华文化影响最大的人。
contribute(捐赠)+ tion(表示名词)→ 捐赠,贡献
make a contribution to ... 对……作出贡献
这所学校以培养能为社会做贡献的学生为己任。(翻译)
The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribution to society.
中国人民对世界和平作出了巨大贡献。(翻译)
The Chinese people have made great contributions to the world peace.
拓展
contribute v.
①贡献,提供,捐献:
He offered to contribute to the Red Cross.他主动向红十字会捐款。
②投/写稿:
It is an honour to be invited to contribute to your literature magazine.
能应邀为你们的文学杂志写稿我感到非常荣幸。
③有助于,导致:
Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
吃太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压。
Although he was raised in a poor family, he visited famous scholars and learned a lot.
虽然他家境贫寒,但他拜访了名家,学到了很多东西。
raise
① 抚养;养育;培养
他们俩都是在南方长大的。(翻译)
They were both raised in the South.
② 增加,提高
He raised his voice. 他提高了嗓门。
③ 举起,抬起,拿起
Please raise your hand.请举手。
raise
④唤起,唤醒
His long absence raised a fear about his safety.
他久未露面,令人担心他是否平安。
⑤提出,提起
I would like to raise the subject of money.
我想提出金钱方面的问题。
拓展
raise 与 rise
前者为及物动词,后者为不及物动词:
Since 1949, the people’s living standard has been raised, causing a big rise in population.
自1949年以来,人民的生活水平提高了,导致了人口的大幅增长。
He developed his thoughts into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism.
后来,他创立了儒家思想。
philosophy /f l s fi/ n. 哲学;思想体系
Confucianism /k n fju n z m/ n. 儒学思想
Confucianism emphasized self-cultivation, harmonious relationships with each other and respect for the elderly.
儒家思想注重人的自我修养,强调与人建立和谐的关系,对待长辈要尊敬有礼。
emphasize / emf sa z/ v. 强调; 重视
SYN stress
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting the environment too much because we have only one Earth.
再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不为过,因为我们只有一个地球。
cultivation /'k lt 've n/
n.开垦,耕作;栽培,种植;(品质或技巧的)培养
The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.
这块土地不够肥沃, 不值得耕种。
harmonious /hɑ m ni s/
adj. 和谐的,和睦的;协调的,调和的
To live together harmoniously as men and women is an achievement.
男人和女人融洽地生活在一起是一种成就。
Friends should be honest to each other. Rulers should make an effort to provide a happy life for people.
与朋友交往要诚实守信。统治者应该致力于让人民生活幸福。
make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
你应该努力提高你的阅读理解能力。(翻译)
You should make an effort to improve your reading comprehension.
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
我们班的每个人都不遗余力地学习,为高考做准备。(翻译)
Everyone in my class spares no effort on their study, preparing for the College Entrance Examination.
He was a great teacher as well and promoted education for ordinary people.
孔子还是一位伟大的老师,他倡导“有教无类”,每个人都有受教育的权利。
promote /pr m t/
① 促进;推动
② 促销;推销
The area is being promoted as a tourist destination.
这个地区正被推广为旅游点。
③ 提升;晋升
She worked hard and was soon promoted.
她工作勤奋,不久就得到提升了。
He traveled around to promote his political thinking but failed. But he never gave up.Kong Zi is a great Chinese spiritual leader.
孔子周游列国推行他的政治思想,但未能成功,可是他从不放弃。孔子,是华夏民族精神上的引领者。
political /p l t kl/
spiritual / sp r t u l/
political thinking 政治思想
spiritual leader 精神领袖
Over the last 2,000 years, his philosophy has continued to influence China and the rest of the world. It is also regarded as the symbol of oriental culture.
2000多年来,孔子的思想影响着中国乃至世界。他的思想也已成为东方文化的一种象征。
be regarded as 被视作......
oriental / ri entl/ adj. 东方(尤指中国和日本)的;东方人的
He has oriental blood in his veins.
他是东方血统。
The Oriental Plaza is located in the downtown area.
东方广场位于市中心。
Thanks for your listening.Confucius and Ren视频文本
Narrator:
For more than 2,000 years, the teachings of Confucius have been an important part of Chinese culture. Scholars in ancient China were expected to be well-educated in the philosophy and moral values of Confucius. Even today, Confucian thought is still greatly valued in education and in society both in China and in other East Asian countries.
Question: Why do you think today 's students should study the teachings of Confucius
Professor Guan:
The teachings of Confucius are all about the most basic values of life. Confucius talks about things like how to become a better person, how to get along with other people, how to live a happy, meaningful life ...If our students really understand these ideas, it could change their life. Narrator:
When you read the writings of Confucius, you will see a constantly recurring word, a Chinese character that represents the heart of Confucian thought: the character ren. What is ren If you look closely at the written character, you can understand what it means. The left-hand element of the character represents a person, a human being; the element on the right stands for the number two. The two elements, when joined, indicate relationships between individuals, or with all of society.
Confucius taught that ren was the highest moral principle, the standard by which all other morals were measured. In English, many different words have been used to translate ren; benevolence, love, kindheartedness, goodness, and humanity, to name a few.
Question: Where does ren come from
Profesor Lei:
Confucius said that this kind of love, ren, begins with the love to one's own parents. Confucius believed that if someone cannot love his own parents, he also cannot love other people. If we can show this love to our own family, we can also show this love to other people around us, to the country, and to the whole world.
Narrator:
One of the greatest scholars who studied Confucian thinking, a man named Mencius, explained ren like this: "loving one's parents, loving people, loving everything in the world."
Zigong asked,"Is there one single concept that we can take as a guide for all actions in our lives " Confucius said, "What about fairness' Whatever you don t like done to yourself, don i do it to others." This kind of love should direct everything we do. It leads the way to all other virtues in life. "Do not do to others anything that you would not want done to you." This truth from the time of Confucius still holds true today.Confucius in Foreigners' Eyes
I first met Confucius in a friend's living room, nearly10 years ago. OK, so it wasn't really the bearded Chinese philosopher. It was a collection of his most famous lines, printed and bound and resting on a coffee table. As I scanned the pages, a vision of the man began to form in my mind. It wasn't until last Saturday, though, that I finally had a chance to put a name to the face-that of Hong Kong star Chow Yun-fat, who plays the sage in the new biopic Confucius. I went to see the film knowing very little of Confucius' personal story. In the movie, we see a man who is all at once humble and wise and humorous and intelligent and disciplined and firm and clever. Even when Zhou's character all but throws herself on Confucius, the philosopher walks away with barely a trace of desire on his face. If this is, indeed, the real man, meeting him would be, all at once, an incredibly exhilarating experience-and also a very depressing one. In the movie, Confucius talks of changing oneself from within. This is certainly a noble goal. Based upon my own experience, though, it is much easier said than done. For example, I cannot imagine walking away from the temptress without the assistance of a supernatural power. In this sense, I am more in awe of Confucius than ever before. A person's words take on far more significance when he or she actually lives them out. If Confucius really was the man that Chow portrays, he was indeed one for the ages.
外国人眼中的孔子
大约 10 年前,我在一个朋友的起居室里第一次“见到”了孔子。当然了,我见到的并不是那位蓄着胡子的中国古代哲学家本人。而是一本收录了他的名言警句的小册子,装订得整整齐齐,放在茶几上。随手翻阅了几页之后,孔子的形象便在我的脑海中形成了。直到上周六,我终于有机会把“孔子”这个名字和一张人脸对应起来——香港明星周润发在新影片《孔子》中出演这一圣人角色。虽然对孔子的生平并不太了解,我还是去看了这部电影。影片中,我看到的是一个集谦恭、博学、幽默、智慧、守纪、严格于一身的圣人形象。即便是周迅所扮演的南子主动投怀送抱的时候,他也平静地走开了,脸上几乎看不到一丝欲望。如果孔子真是这样一个人的话,那么与他见面将是一件十分令人兴奋的事情—但同时也会让人沮丧。影片中,孔子教导人们要从内心深处改变自己。这确实是个高尚的目标,但从我的个人经来看,这事说起来容易,做起来却很难。例如:我很难想象自己能够在不借助任何超自然力量的前提下从这么一个性感女性身边坦然地走过——就算记再多的圣人格言也无济于事。从这点上来讲,我对孔子的敬畏达到了从未有过的高度。一个人说道做到的人很值得尊敬。如果孔子真如周润发所演绎的那样,那他真是个名副其实的圣人。#3 Confucius and Chinese philosophy
中英文字幕
Born in 551 BC, Confucius, Kong zi, has made the greatest contribution to Chinese culture of anyone in history. Although he was raised in a poor family, he visited famous scholars and learned a lot. He developed his thoughts into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. Confucianism emphasized self-cultivation, harmonious relationships with each other and respect for the elderly. Friends should be honest to each other. Rulers should make an effort to provide a happy life for people. He was a great teacher as well and promoted education for ordinary people. He traveled around to promote his political thinking but failed. But he never gave up. Kong Zi is a great Chinese spiritual leader. Over the last 2,000 years, his philosophy has continued to influence China and the rest of the world. It is also regarded as the symbol of oriental culture.
孔子于公元前551年出生,是历史上对中华文化影响最大的人。虽然他家境贫寒,但他拜访了名家,学到了很多东西。后来,他创立了儒家思想。儒家思想注重人的自我修养,强调与人建立和谐的关系,对待长辈要尊敬有礼。与朋友交往要诚实守信。统治者应该致力于让人民生活幸福。孔子还是一位伟大的老师,他倡导“有教无类”,每个人都有受教育的权利。孔子周游列国推行他的政治思想,但未能成功,可是他从不放弃。孔子,是华夏民族精神上的引领者。2000多年来,孔子的思想影响着中国乃至世界。他的思想也已成为东方文化的一种象征。
语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Born in 551 BC, Confucius, Kong zi, has made the greatest 1. (contribute) to Chinese culture of anyone in history. 2. he was raised in a poor family, he visited famous scholars and learned a lot. He 3. (develop) his thoughts into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. Confucianism emphasized self-cultivation, harmonious
4. (relationship) with each other and respect for the elderly. Friends should be honest to each other. Rulers should make 5. effort to provide a happy life 6. people. He was a great teacher as well and promoted education for ordinary people. He traveled around to promote his political thinking but 7. (fail). But he never gave up. Kong Zi is a great Chinese 8. (spirit)leader. Over the last 2,000 years, his philosophy 9. (continue) to influence China and the rest of the world. It is also 10. (regard) as the symbol of oriental culture.
答案及解析:
contribution
解析:考查短语 make a contribution to…为……作出贡献,故用contribute的名词形式contribution。
Although/Though
解析:根据本句意思他家境贫寒,他拜访了名家,学到了很多东西,这里引导的是让步状语从句,故填Although/Though。
developed
解析:考查动词的时态。全篇都是用的过去时,这里孔子创立了儒家思想也要用过去时,developed。
relationships
解析:考查名词的数。强调与人建立和谐的关系,这里的关系应该是复数,故填relationships。
an
解析:考查冠词。effort是以元音音素开头的单词,再结合固定搭配make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事,故填an。
for
解析:考查介词。 根据短语搭配provide sth. For sb. 为某人提供某物,故填介词for。
failed
解析:考查动词的时态。根据本句前面动词traveled用的过去时,故这里也是failed。
spiritual
解析:考查形容词。根据句意,孔子,是华夏民族精神上的引领者,精神上的应该用spirit的形容词性spiritual。
has continued
解析:考查动词的时态。根据Over the last 2,000 years, 用现在完成时。
regarded
解析:考查动词的语态。孔子的思想被认为是东方文化的一种象征,所以用regarded。