2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句复习学案
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语 法 复 习 学 案
No.10---名词性从句
一．在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连词：that（无任何词意）whether, if（均表示“是否”,表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which. Whichever ,等
以上代词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语。
连接副词：when, where, how, why
以上副词在从句中作状语
三. 各类从句的用法
1. 主语从句：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever以及连接副词however，whenever，wherever，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当句子成分。例如：
①What he wants to tell us is not clear.
②Who will win the match is still unknown.
③It is known to us how he became a writer.
④Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.。
⑤That she was chosen made us very happy.
注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
(1).It + be + 名词 + that从句 (pity, shame, honor, fact, wonder….)
例：It is a pity that…可惜的是
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句(clear / better / natural / important/obvious/strange/right/wrong….)
例：It is certain that… 很肯定
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句(said/believed / known /reported….)
例：It is said that…据说
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句(happen / appear/seem/matter….)
例：It seems that…好像是
注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
2、宾语从句
作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。
（1）由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
（2）. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等连接代词或副词引导宾语从句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well.。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support。
（3）用whether或if引导的宾语从句， whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；
b. 引导表语从句时；
c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；
d. 从句后有“or not”时；
e. 后接动词不定式时。
Ex 1 _____ there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
2 The question is ____ she should have a low opinion of the test
3 Everything depends on _____ we have enough money.
4 I wonder _____ he will come or not.
5Can you tell me_____ to go or to stay
注意：1）宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态
2）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。
3）. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
3、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。由连词that，whether，和连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever以及连接副词however，whenever，wherever，why等词引导，有时用as if引导。表语从句位于连系动词后，
The fact is that we have lost the game.
That’s just what I want.
This is where our problem lies.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that ，whether ，who，why，where，how，when引导。同位语从句修饰的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
The news that we won the game is exciting.
I have no idea when he will come back home.
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that引导定语从句，充当主语、宾语，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here.
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you
of life in ancient Greece？
No.10---名词性从句
一．在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连词：that（无任何词意）whether, if（均表示“是否”,表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which. Whichever ,等
以上代词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语。
连接副词：when, where, how, why
以上副词在从句中作状语
三. 各类从句的用法
1. 主语从句：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever以及连接副词however，whenever，wherever，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当句子成分。例如：
①What he wants to tell us is not clear.
②Who will win the match is still unknown.
③It is known to us how he became a writer.
④Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.。
⑤That she was chosen made us very happy.
注意：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
(1).It + be + 名词 + that从句 (pity, shame, honor, fact, wonder….)
例：It is a pity that…可惜的是
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句(clear / better / natural / important/obvious/strange/right/wrong….)
例：It is certain that… 很肯定
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句(said/believed / known /reported….)
例：It is said that…据说
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句(happen / appear/seem/matter….)
例：It seems that…好像是
注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
2、宾语从句
作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。在句中可以作谓语动词或介词的宾语。
（1）由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
（2）. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等连接代词或副词引导宾语从句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
She always thinks of how she can work well.。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support。
（3）用whether或if引导的宾语从句， whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；
b. 引导表语从句时；
c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；
d. 从句后有“or not”时；
e. 后接动词不定式时。
Ex 1 _____ there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
2 The question is ____ she should have a low opinion of the test
3 Everything depends on _____ we have enough money.
4 I wonder _____ he will come or not.
5Can you tell me_____ to go or to stay
注意：1）宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态
2）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。
3）. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
3、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。由连词that，whether，和连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，which，whichever以及连接副词however，whenever，wherever，why等词引导，有时用as if引导。表语从句位于连系动词后，
The fact is that we have lost the game.
That’s just what I want.
This is where our problem lies.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that ，whether ，who，why，where，how，when引导。同位语从句修饰的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
The news that we won the game is exciting.
I have no idea when he will come back home.
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that引导定语从句，充当主语、宾语，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here.
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you
of life in ancient Greece？