中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit Three动名词及难点分析
动词的-ing形式作主语:
三种形式:
1.在句首直接作主语。
Travelling abroad can be enjoyable.
2.it在句首作形式主语,动词的-ing形式在句子后部作真正的主语。
It is a waster of time+v.ing.
it is no good/use+v.ing.
It is hardly any good/use+v.ing.
It is worthwhile/useless+v.ing.
It is nice/good/interesting/fun+v.ing.
3.There be+no+动词的-ing形式:
There’s no telling...无法知道...
There’s no accounting for...无法解释....
There’s no bearing....无法忍受....
There’s no knowing...无人知晓...
There’s no accounting for her behavior.无法解释她的行为。
There’s no bearing such rude remarks.如此粗鲁的话,叫人根本无法忍受。
There’s no knowing how long he’ll be away.没人知道他会离开多久。
动词的-ing形式在句中作主语时的主谓一致问题:
1.单个动词的-ing形式+单数谓语动词
Analysing the data is a long process.分析这些数据是一个漫长的过程。
2.动词的-ing形式+and+动词的-ing形式+复数谓语动词(Ving形式表达的语意不一致)
Lying and stealing are immoral.说谎与盗窃是不道德的。
3.动词的-ing形式+and+动词的-ing形式+单数谓语动词(Ving形式表达的语意一致)
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。
动词的-ing形式在句中作主语与动词不定式在句中作主语的区别
动词的-ing形式作主语 通常表示抽象的动作,往往是普通的,一般的行为;表示已知的事情或者经验
动词不定式作主语 通常表示某次具体的动作或行为;表示一件未完成的事情或未达到的目的
Reading is necessary for you to expand your knowledge.通过阅读拓展你的知识是有必要的。
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。
难点分析(1)
教材例句:
...Stephen was thought by many people,...to be too short,too thin and too weak to follow in his father’s footsteps.
很多人都认为斯蒂芬太矮太瘦弱,无法延续他父亲的荣耀。
too表示’超过极限‘例如’问题太难‘’水太热‘等,当事物超过了承受的极限,那就’做不到‘了。所以不定式自然表示否定意义。如果too后面的词语和不定式的动作及关系是相同的,正面的,即使加了too也’不超限‘,而是加大了形容词的程度(too此时意为’十分;非常‘),这是不定式没有否定含义。
too...to...太...而不能...
1.too...to...多表示否定意义,表示‘太...而不能...’;其用法如下:
too此处是副词,修饰形容词或其他副词
to是动词不定式符号,此处不定式短语作结果状语,多用主动形式to do,其逻辑主语有时是句子的主语,有时不是,若不是,不定式的逻辑主语通常由for引出。
此结构可以改写为so...that...not.../so...as not to..
(如此...以至于不能...)
2.too...to...结构表示肯定意义的情况
too后面接ready,careful,eager,anxious,willing,pleased,glad,happy,delighted,satisfied等表示心理状况或描绘性的形容词时;
too前有only,but,all,simply,just等词对其进行修饰时;
too前面有not,never等否定词时
(never too...to...绝不会太...而不...双重否定,就是肯定之意。
难点分析(2)同位语从句:
教材例句:
...Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.
斯蒂芬.库里也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。
...proof that...意为‘例子/证明...’’是一个固定句型,that引导同位语从句,解释说明抽象名词proof的具体内容。
同位语从句:在复合句中,充当同位语成分的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般由that,wh-类连接词引导,常放在
proof,evidence,doubt,face,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,thought,fear,possibility等抽象名词后,解释说明该名词的具体内容。
注意:
that引导同位语从句,that只起连接作用,无实际意义,不充当句子成分。
同位语从句与定语从句
异同 同位语从句 定语从句
共同点 从句前都有一个与从句相关的名词或代词 从句前都有一个与从句相关的名词或代词
从句作用 对名词或代词解释,说明 对名词或代词(先行词)修饰,限制
引导词that 只起连接作用,在从句中不作成分,但不能省略 在从句中作主语,宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略
难点分析(3)
not only在句首,句子用部分倒装结构
教材例句:
Not only did he have guts,he was much faster than me!
他不仅有胆量,而且比我快多了!
在not only...but also...搭配中,可以只用but或只用also,甚至可以把but also都省略掉。例如:I not only heard it but(also) saw it.我不仅听到了,而且看到了。
She not only finished the task ahead of time,(but also) she came to help us.她不仅提前完成了任务,还来帮助我们。
Not only did he have guts,he was much faster than me!
本句用了not only...but also...结构,后面的but also被省略了(一般只省略also),not only位于句首,句子用了倒装结构。not only...but also...意为’不但...而且...,连接并列的句子成分。连接主语时,采用‘就近原则’,即由but also后的主语来决定谓语动词的单复数。
Not only you but also I am going to attend his birthday party.
=Not only I but also you are going to attend his birthday party.
Volunteering can not only improve your community’s status,but also make you happier.
难点分析(4)
That /This/It is why+结果
教材原句:
That’s why...那就是为什么...
That/This/It is because+原因 那/这是因为...(because引导表语从句)
The reason why...is that... ....的原因是...(why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句)
He was ill. That’s why he was sent to the hospital.
He was sent to the hospital.That’s because he was ill.
The reason why he was sent to the hospital is that he was ill.
否定前移:
教材例句:
I don’t think it should be...我认为不应该...
宾语从句的否定词转移到主句上,即形式上是否否定主句,但意义上是否定宾语从句。
否定转移的条件:
1.主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等。
2.主句主语多是第一人称。
3.主句时态是一般现在时。
I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.
我认为他所说的话和我们正在讨论的话题无关。他已经跑题了。
(定语从句,修饰the topic)
I don’t think he will follow his father’s footsteps.
我认为他不会仿效他的父亲。
难点分析(5)
过去分词作状语:
教材原句:
Led by well-known Chinese volleyball player and coach Lang Ping,they have continued to aim high.
作为知名的前中国女排运动员和现任中国女排总教练,郎平带领着队员们不断力争上游。
过去分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。主语是过去分词动作的承受着,它们之间是被动关系。过去分词(短语)作状语一般用逗号同其他成分隔开。
1.作时间状语时,可转换为when或while等引导的从句,通常放在句首。
Seeing from the top of the hill(=When it is seen from the top of the hill),the school looks like a big garden.
从山上看,这个学校像个大花园。
2.作条件状语时,可转换为if或unless等引导的从句,一般放在句首。
Given more attention(=If it was given more attention),the fire could have been avoided.
如果多注意一些,这场火灾本来能避免的。
3.作原因状语时,可转换为because,as或since等引导的从句,多放在句首。
Encouraged(=As she was encouraged) by the teacher,the girl was very happy.
由于受到老师的鼓励,这个女孩儿非常高兴。
4.作让步状语时,可转换为though,although或even if 引导的从句,常放在句首。
Left(=Although she was left) alone at home,Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.
尽管被单独留在家里,但是珍妮一点儿都不害怕。
5.作方式或伴随状语时,常可转换为并列分句,可位于句首或句末。
Surrounded by his students,the teacher went into the lab.(=The teacher was surrounded by his students and he went into the lab.)
这个老师被学生们簇拥着走进了实验室。
本单元重点词组
1.a far cry from与...大不相同
2.in all directions朝四面八方
3.follow in one’s footsteps 仿效某人;继承某人的事业
4.give up 戒掉;放弃
5.pay off 取得成功;偿清债务
6.give away倒塌;向下垮;被...取代(+to)
7.fight one’s way through从...挤出一条路
8.be on one’s feet 站立;站起来;恢复健康
9.beyond one’s expectations 超出某人的预期
10.burst onto 突然出现
11.living proof 活生生的例子
12.be assigned to 分配给...
13.attach...to...把...固定在/附在...上
14.aim(...) at...(把...)瞄准...
15.set out to do sth.着手做某事
16.set out 动身;启程(for+地点)
17.in a row 成一排;连续地
18.contribute to 为...做出贡献;向...捐款;促成;造成
19.leave/make an impression upon sb.给某人留下印象
20.carry on 继续
21.roller skating 滑旱冰
22.sharpen one’s skills 提高某人的技能
23.go wild 狂热;发狂
24.ups and downs 起伏;兴衰
25.on the wing 在侧翼
26.in all directions 朝四面八方
27.day in and day out 日复一日;夜以继日
28.in a row 连续地;成一排
29.refer to 指的是;提到;谈到;参考;查阅;涉及
30.get/be tangled up with与...纠缠在一起
31.raise a big cheer for sb.为某人大声欢呼
32.keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
33.take part(in)参加
34.at/in the beginning 起初;一开始
35.play a (close) match against 与...打一场(势均力敌的比赛)
36.identify...as 认出/识别...是...
37.fight one’s way 奋力开出一条路
38.be caught up in 被卷入;陷入
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