英语语法复习学案
数词 介词 连词
学习目标 1 熟悉数词介词连词的基本用法
2 了解数词介词连词的热点 考点
3 在具体的语境中灵活运用数词介词连词
一 基本知识梳理
一)数词重点为:基数词和序数词;分数与百分数;倍数;
基数词与序数词
1 基数词
(1)hundred/thousand/million等的用法
【1】具体数字/several/some/many等+hundred/thousand/million等+复数名词
eg. two/several hundred oranges
【2】具体数字/several/some/many等+hundred/thousand/million等+of+the/these/those/one’s/ +复数名词/人称代词的宾格
eg. two/several hundred of the/these oranges
two/several hundred of them
【3】hundreds/thousands/millions of+复数名词
eg. hundreds of oranges
(2)dozen/score的用法
dozen 一打,十二个 score二十
【1】 具体数字/several/some/many等+dozen+复数名词
具体数字/several/some/many等+score + of+复数名词
eg. two dozen eggs two score of eggs
【2】具体数字/several/some/many等+dozen/score +of+the/these/those/one’s/ +复数名词/人称代词的宾格
eg. two score of the eg.gs /them
【3】dozens/scores of +复数名词
2序数词
不规则变化的有:first, second ,third ,fifth, eighth, ninth , twelfth, twentieth,twenty-second等。
[ 注意 ]序数词前一般加the表示顺序,序数词与a/an连用表示“再,又”
eg. The cakes are delicious .He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small.
3基数词与序数词的基本用法
(1)表示年、月、日(日记中) Oct.1st,1979
(2)表示年代、年龄
在20世纪90 年代 in the 1990s/1990’s
在某人七十几岁时 in one’s seventies
(3)表示编号
第二次世界大战 World War the second world war
(4)基数词与名词连用构成复合词,在句中作表语、后置定语、前置定语
他是一个七岁的男孩
He is seven years old..
He is a seven –year- old boy.
He is a boy of seven years old.
(5)与every 连用,表示“每隔…...”
每隔两周 : Every three weeks every third week
(6) 序数词可在句子中作主、宾、表、定语。
分数与百分数
1表示法
分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于一时,分母用复数;二分之一也可用a/one half 表示;四分之一也可用a/one quarter 表示;四分之三可表示为three quarters/fourths
注意:(1) 分数、百分数作主语时,谓语动词的数决定于后面的名词,
eg.:Overall , more than 70 percent of the surface is covered by water.
Three fifths of the students have taken part in the sports meet.
(2)百分数常常和by连用作状语,也可单独作状语
、倍数表示法
⑴倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
The metal box is five times heavier than the wooden one.
⑵倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as
His apartment is three times as large as mine.
⑶倍数+the+名词+of
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
(4)动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数
The landlord wanted to raise the rent by a third.
(5)double+名词
They plan to double their investment.
二) 介词
I介词的分类
1..根据介词的构成形式可将介词分为简单介词、合成介词、双重介词、短语介词和动词的—ing形式介词五类
简单介词:at on in after before behind 等
合成介词: inside outside onto into nearby within without 等
双重介词 :有两个简单介词重叠在一起构成的介词称为双重介词,如 from behind,until after , from among 等
短语介词 at the back of ,instead of , thanks to 等
动词的-ing形式介词:在英语中有一部分动词的-ing形式具备介词的性质, 在很多情况下,将他们视为介词,如 including,considering, regarding,concerning等。
2.根据介词的意义可将介词分为表示空间关系的介词( 如 at in over outside 等),表示时间的介词 (since during until 等)表示方位的介词(Beyond up past等),表示手段的介词(with in by 等),其他介词(without except of 等)
II.介词的省略
一般说来介词是不可省略的,但是在特殊表达和固定搭配中,有些介词是可以省略的。
1 表示时间的介词 in on at 的省略
在 next ,last, this , these today yesterday tomorrow one any every each all 等词前,三者都要省略。如 this morning, every week
2 在某些名词词组前可以省略 (on) that day, (in)the year before last ,
(on) Sundays
3某些习语的省略 be busy (in) dong sth (in)the way opposite (to)
have difficultly(in )doing sth stop/prevent ……(from)doing sth
spend ……(in )doing sth have a good time (in )doing sth kill time (in)doing sth waste ……(in)doing sth
It 's (of)no use (in ) doing sth
3) 连词
I.连词的分类
1 按其构成可分为简单连词(and or because等 )关联连词 (not only ……but also ,not but等)分词连词( supposing,provided,providing, given)和短语连词(as if , even though等)
2 按其性质分为并列连词(and but 等)和从属连词(when while 等)
II. 容易混淆的连词
1 So 和therefore ;so位于从句之前,therefore在正式英语中可代替so,它 可 位于从句之前、该从句的第一个词或短语之后或该从句的主要动词之前,
eg. He is in trouble; we ,therefore, should help him/ therefore we should help him/ we should therefore help him.
2.because as for since
Because 表示表原因 语气最强,回答why所引导的从句是全句的重心,as 表原因语气不如because强,引导的从句往往位于主句之前,用来说明原因(这种原因一般较明显)since和as 相似,但表稍加分析后的原因,而且或多或少是对方知道的。
For用作连词时引导的从句受到一些限制,因为他不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的原因,只能提供一些起帮助解释作用的附加说明。
eg. I spent two hours getting there, for it was a long road.
3. as的多种词义 :
1)表时间 :“随着 当……”
2)表原因 由于 eg. As she broke her leg., she had to stay where she was.
3)表比较 如……一样 eg. Do not make the same mistake as she did.
4) 表方式 按照 正如 eg. Do as you have been told to.
5) 相当于though 尽管 虽然(从句 需倒装)
eg. Poor as I am, I can afford beer.
4. 连词间的连用
1)两个并列连词不能连用,但therefore, then ,yet可以和并列连词连用。
eg. Tom hurt his leg. and therefore he couldn't go to school.
2) although 可以和yet 连用,但不与but 连用。
Although he was weak ,but he tried his best to do the work. ( × )
Although he was weak ,yet he tried his best to do the work ( √ )
二 考点回顾
1 dozen/score的用法
2 [ 注意 ]序数词与a/an连用表示“再,又”
3 倍数表示法
4 注意某些习语中介词的省略
5 注意某些容易混淆的连词的区别