2022届高考英语二轮复习： 情态动词讲义
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情态动词
学习目标1. 了解情态动词命题趋势
2. 掌握并灵活运用情态动词用法
一．情态动词定义
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
二．情态动词的具体意义及用法
1. can 与could的用法
⑴表示能力：能，能够，会(与be able to同义)
⑵表示推测: 可能，会(常用于否定句与疑问句)
Eg: Can /Could I use you pen
注：表示“有时也会”（常用于肯定句）
Eg ：It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.
⑶表示许可（或请求许可）：可以（口语中常代替may）
Eg: Can I go swimming today, mum
Eg: You can first lend me one book this time.
⑷表示惊讶，怀疑，不相信的态度 ：怎么会，怎么能（常用于否定句或疑问句）
Eg: How can he be so rude
注意：①could表“请求”时， 不是过去式，不表时态，只是语气比can 委婉。
②在回答中不可用could
Eg: ---Could I have the television on
---Yes, you can/may.( No, you can’t.)
③can与be able to 的区别:
A: be able to比can 时态更多
B: 表示具体某次能够成功做成某事时，只能用be able to
Eg: Though he was tired, he was able to swim across the river.
2. may与 might的用法
⑴表示许可（或请求许可）：可以
⑵表示推测 “可能”(常用于肯定句、否定句)
Eg: He may come tomorrow, but I’m not quite sure.
⑶表示祝愿 Eg：May you succeed.
⑷might /may as well 表示“最好… 不妨…”
注意：①:表示给予允许时，不能用might
②:回答表示不允许时用mustn’t / can’t.
Eg: --- Might I go now
---Yes, you may/ can .(--- No, you mustn’t / can’t)
3. must的用法
⑴表示责任与义务“必须，应该，”
⑵表示推测“必定，一定”(常用于肯定句)
Eg：The light is still on, so he must be at home.
⑶表示一种固执的情感“偏偏” “非得”
Eg: If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops.
Eg: The machine must break down at this busy hour.
注意：①: must 与have to的区别 ：must强调主观上认为“必须”干，have to强调客观上认为“不得不”
②:回答must问句时，否定用don’t have to /needn’t,不用mustn’t(一定不，必须不，不允许，不得)
Eg: ---Must I clean the room at once
---yes, you must. /No, you don’t have to./No, you needn’t.
③:must have done 的反义疑问句
Eg: They must have gone away, haven’t they
They must have gone away just now, didn’t they
4. shall与should 的用法
㈠shall
⑴Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Shall he wait outside or come in
⑵Shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方命令、允诺、警告、或威胁。Tell him that he shall have the book.
㈡ should的用法
⑴Should表示劝告、建议、命令，意思为“应该，应当” ，其同义词是ought to
⑵表示“万一”
Eg: If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me.
⑶表示“竟然”
Eg:You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
⑷表示推测 “可能,理应，按理说应该”，使用这个词时，往往表示某个情况是合理的、正常的、符合逻辑的。
Eg: — When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They should be ready by 12:00。
⑸表示虚拟 should have done (本该干却未干)shouldn’t have done(本不该干却干了)
注意：①should与 ought to的区别
出于法令规则行为规则违法责任等客观情况而应该做某事时
一般用ought to 若用should 则含个人意见强调主观看法
Eg : We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I do not think we will.
② 在公告须知或条例中出于礼貌常用should
You should not run along side the swimming—poo
5.will与 would
⑴表示请求、建议等(可以)，would比will委婉客气。
Will/would you please do me a favour
⑵表示意志、愿望和决心。(愿意)
Eg: He would not help me yestrday. (愿意)
⑶ Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。（常常）
Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。We would sit around grandpa after supper ,listening to his stories.
⑷表将来“将要”Eg: They will come here.
6. need/dare 的用法
⑴ need “需要”， 作情态动词多用在否定句，疑问句或条件句中.
You need not hand in the paper this week.
⑵ dare “敢”，作情态动词多用在否定或疑问句中
Dare you catch the little cat
三．情态动词的考察要点
A.表猜测
a.对现在或将来事情的猜测:must/should/ought to/can/should/may/might＋might＋do
b.对过去事情的猜测：must/ can/could /may/might＋have done
B.表虚拟
a.与现在或将来事情相反的虚拟: could/would/ might＋do
b.与过去事情相反的虚拟（含责备之意）
could/would/ might/ should/ought to/needn’t＋have done
Eg1.---Look someone is coming. Who can it be
--- It can not be the headmaster. He has gone to Shanghai. (疑问句、否定句 / 现在)
2 .He wasn’t here. He must have been to Shanghai.( 肯定句/ 过去)
3. Eve was late for class again. She should have
got up earlier. （本应该早起）
4. I am feeling sick. I shouldn't have eaten so much chocolate.（本不应该吃……）
5.---Mr Smith didn’t come last night, did he
---No. We needn′t have waited for him. A whole night was wasted. (本不必等)
6.---Did you listen to the speech
---No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.(本可以参加)
学习目标1. 了解情态动词命题趋势
2. 掌握并灵活运用情态动词用法
一．情态动词定义
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
二．情态动词的具体意义及用法
1. can 与could的用法
⑴表示能力：能，能够，会(与be able to同义)
⑵表示推测: 可能，会(常用于否定句与疑问句)
Eg: Can /Could I use you pen
注：表示“有时也会”（常用于肯定句）
Eg ：It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.
⑶表示许可（或请求许可）：可以（口语中常代替may）
Eg: Can I go swimming today, mum
Eg: You can first lend me one book this time.
⑷表示惊讶，怀疑，不相信的态度 ：怎么会，怎么能（常用于否定句或疑问句）
Eg: How can he be so rude
注意：①could表“请求”时， 不是过去式，不表时态，只是语气比can 委婉。
②在回答中不可用could
Eg: ---Could I have the television on
---Yes, you can/may.( No, you can’t.)
③can与be able to 的区别:
A: be able to比can 时态更多
B: 表示具体某次能够成功做成某事时，只能用be able to
Eg: Though he was tired, he was able to swim across the river.
2. may与 might的用法
⑴表示许可（或请求许可）：可以
⑵表示推测 “可能”(常用于肯定句、否定句)
Eg: He may come tomorrow, but I’m not quite sure.
⑶表示祝愿 Eg：May you succeed.
⑷might /may as well 表示“最好… 不妨…”
注意：①:表示给予允许时，不能用might
②:回答表示不允许时用mustn’t / can’t.
Eg: --- Might I go now
---Yes, you may/ can .(--- No, you mustn’t / can’t)
3. must的用法
⑴表示责任与义务“必须，应该，”
⑵表示推测“必定，一定”(常用于肯定句)
Eg：The light is still on, so he must be at home.
⑶表示一种固执的情感“偏偏” “非得”
Eg: If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops.
Eg: The machine must break down at this busy hour.
注意：①: must 与have to的区别 ：must强调主观上认为“必须”干，have to强调客观上认为“不得不”
②:回答must问句时，否定用don’t have to /needn’t,不用mustn’t(一定不，必须不，不允许，不得)
Eg: ---Must I clean the room at once
---yes, you must. /No, you don’t have to./No, you needn’t.
③:must have done 的反义疑问句
Eg: They must have gone away, haven’t they
They must have gone away just now, didn’t they
4. shall与should 的用法
㈠shall
⑴Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Shall he wait outside or come in
⑵Shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方命令、允诺、警告、或威胁。Tell him that he shall have the book.
㈡ should的用法
⑴Should表示劝告、建议、命令，意思为“应该，应当” ，其同义词是ought to
⑵表示“万一”
Eg: If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me.
⑶表示“竟然”
Eg:You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.
⑷表示推测 “可能,理应，按理说应该”，使用这个词时，往往表示某个情况是合理的、正常的、符合逻辑的。
Eg: — When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They should be ready by 12:00。
⑸表示虚拟 should have done (本该干却未干)shouldn’t have done(本不该干却干了)
注意：①should与 ought to的区别
出于法令规则行为规则违法责任等客观情况而应该做某事时
一般用ought to 若用should 则含个人意见强调主观看法
Eg : We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I do not think we will.
② 在公告须知或条例中出于礼貌常用should
You should not run along side the swimming—poo
5.will与 would
⑴表示请求、建议等(可以)，would比will委婉客气。
Will/would you please do me a favour
⑵表示意志、愿望和决心。(愿意)
Eg: He would not help me yestrday. (愿意)
⑶ Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。（常常）
Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。We would sit around grandpa after supper ,listening to his stories.
⑷表将来“将要”Eg: They will come here.
6. need/dare 的用法
⑴ need “需要”， 作情态动词多用在否定句，疑问句或条件句中.
You need not hand in the paper this week.
⑵ dare “敢”，作情态动词多用在否定或疑问句中
Dare you catch the little cat
三．情态动词的考察要点
A.表猜测
a.对现在或将来事情的猜测:must/should/ought to/can/should/may/might＋might＋do
b.对过去事情的猜测：must/ can/could /may/might＋have done
B.表虚拟
a.与现在或将来事情相反的虚拟: could/would/ might＋do
b.与过去事情相反的虚拟（含责备之意）
could/would/ might/ should/ought to/needn’t＋have done
Eg1.---Look someone is coming. Who can it be
--- It can not be the headmaster. He has gone to Shanghai. (疑问句、否定句 / 现在)
2 .He wasn’t here. He must have been to Shanghai.( 肯定句/ 过去)
3. Eve was late for class again. She should have
got up earlier. （本应该早起）
4. I am feeling sick. I shouldn't have eaten so much chocolate.（本不应该吃……）
5.---Mr Smith didn’t come last night, did he
---No. We needn′t have waited for him. A whole night was wasted. (本不必等)
6.---Did you listen to the speech
---No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.(本可以参加)