上海市2022届高三英语二轮复习概要写作专题精讲与练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 上海市2022届高三英语二轮复习概要写作专题精讲与练习（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 24.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 上教版（2020） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-03-11 07:27:15 | ||
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概要写作专题精讲
I. Definition
A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition. It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible. When one writes a summary, one should not interpret or comment. All one has to do is to give the gist of the author’s exact and essential meaning.
Ⅱ. How to write a summary
1. Skim the text
Skim the text, noting in your mind the subheadings. If there are no subheadings, try to divide the text into sections. Try to determine what type of text you are dealing with. This can help you identify important information.
2. Read the text, highlighting important information and taking notes.
3. Write down the main points in your own words, write down the main points of each section.
4. Write down the key support points for the main topic, but do not include minor detail.
5. Go through the process again, making changes as appropriate.
Ⅲ. Tips
(1)A summary should usually be about one-third to one-fourth as long as the original passage.
(2)The summary should be all in your own words.
(3)You should follow the logical order of the original passage if possible.
(4)The summary should be self-contained.
(5)Summary writing is an exercise in compression.
a. omit the details.
b. reduce the examples.
c. simplify the descriptions.
d. eliminate all repetitions.
e. compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words.
f. use general words instead of specific words.
g. use the shortest possible transitions.
h. put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.
【课堂精讲】
Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.
In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory (法定的) policy requiring companies to offer their normal pay will benefit the individual companies, the economy as a whole as well as the employees who decide to take the option.
The shortened workweek will increase company profits because employees will feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they will make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work will be accomplished will not result in additional payroll cost (工资成本) because four-day employees will only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies will have fewer overworked and error-prone (容易出错的) employees for the same money, which will increase company profits. For the economy as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee can be hired at the 80 percent rate. Finally, the option of a four-day workweek will be better for individual employees. Employees who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time can improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
Summary
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_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
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_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
(1) Paragraph 1
Q: One minute to find the topic and writer's viewpoint.
A: Topic: many employees want to work a four-day week
Writer's viewpoint: A mandatory (法定的) policy requiring companies to offer their normal pay will benefit the individual companies, the economy as a whole as well as the employees who decide to take the option.
Q: Is the writer FOR or AGAINST the topic Why
A: FOR. The word “benefit”.
Q: Which sides will the policy benefit
A: The individual companies, the economy as a whole as well as the employees.
(2) Paragraph 2
Divide the paragraph into three parts.
The shortened workweek will increase company profits because employees will feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they will make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work will be accomplished will not result in additional payroll cost (工资成本) because four-day employees will only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies will have fewer overworked and error-prone (容易出错的) employees for the same money, which will increase company profits. / / For the economy as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee can be hired at the 80 percent rate. / / Finally, the option of a four-day workweek will be better for individual employees. Employees who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time can improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
Q: Which is the most important sentence in the first part
A: In the end, companies will have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money, which will increase company profits.
Q: Which is the most important sentence in the second part
A: For the economy as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates.
Q: Which is the most important sentence in the third part
A: Finally, the option of a four-day workweek will be better for individual employees.
(3) Summary
The summary of writer's viewpoint:
The writer argues/thinks that + V
A mandatory (法定的) policy requiring companies to offer their normal pay will benefit the individual companies, the economy as a whole as well as the employees who decide to take the option. (33 words)
→ A four-day week will benefit companies, the whole economy and the employees. (12 words)
The summary of Supporting points 1:
→ Shortened workweek contributes to higher efficient employees, leading to more profits.
The summary of Supporting points 2:
→ Reduced unemployment rates will benefit the whole economy.
The summary of Supporting points 3:
→ More quality life can be guaranteed with shortened work time.
(4) Summary
One possible version:
The writer argues that a four-day workweek will benefit companies, the whole economy, and employees. First, it will increase company profits with more efficient employees for the same money. Second, the whole economy will benefit from reduced unemployment rates. Third, employees can have more time to improve life quality.
随堂练习
(A)
When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. When you read, you can not only learn some new words, but also you can learn how to use these English words. When you read, it gives you a good example for writing.
Read something that you can (more or less) understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting. Reading books with reasonable number of new words is very important. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. But you don’t have to write them while you read. Instead, try to guess their meaning as you read: mark them with a pen. Then come back when you have finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them.
You should develop a good habit of reading. For example, read for a short time once a day. Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix a time to read and keep to it. You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime.
There are a variety of books in the bookstore, so what kinds of books should you choose Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. So, choose an interesting book. You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China. For example, 21st Century Teens. It is easy enough for you to understand it. There is something interesting in it.
Summary
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
One possible version
Reading is an important way to help you learn English well. Here are some tips of reading books. Firstly, while reading books at the right level, try to increase the number of your new words. Besides, read regularly and stick to your reading habit. Lastly, choose the books and newspapers that interest you most.
(B)
People think children should play sports. However, playing sports can have negative effects on children. In may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the USA. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been shouted at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad impression of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.
Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in children’s sports. They believe children copy aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is everything. Many parents go to children’s sporting events and shout insults(辱骂) at other players or cheer when their child behaves aggressively. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is acceptable or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured.
Additionally, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over again on television, which gradually helps to form an idea that aggressive behaviors are quite acceptable and welcome.
As a society, we really need to face up to this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches in particular should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better values. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to enjoy themselves whether they win or not. And children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that health is not as important as winning.
Summary
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
One possible version
Sports can do harm to children. They may have feelings of poor self-respect or become aggressive. Many researchers believe children are taught to be aggressive through bad examples from parents and coaches. Besides, the media make violence seem acceptable. Parents and coaches should set good examples, and teach children better values.
I. Definition
A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition. It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible. When one writes a summary, one should not interpret or comment. All one has to do is to give the gist of the author’s exact and essential meaning.
Ⅱ. How to write a summary
1. Skim the text
Skim the text, noting in your mind the subheadings. If there are no subheadings, try to divide the text into sections. Try to determine what type of text you are dealing with. This can help you identify important information.
2. Read the text, highlighting important information and taking notes.
3. Write down the main points in your own words, write down the main points of each section.
4. Write down the key support points for the main topic, but do not include minor detail.
5. Go through the process again, making changes as appropriate.
Ⅲ. Tips
(1)A summary should usually be about one-third to one-fourth as long as the original passage.
(2)The summary should be all in your own words.
(3)You should follow the logical order of the original passage if possible.
(4)The summary should be self-contained.
(5)Summary writing is an exercise in compression.
a. omit the details.
b. reduce the examples.
c. simplify the descriptions.
d. eliminate all repetitions.
e. compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words.
f. use general words instead of specific words.
g. use the shortest possible transitions.
h. put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech.
【课堂精讲】
Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it in no more than 60 words.
In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory (法定的) policy requiring companies to offer their normal pay will benefit the individual companies, the economy as a whole as well as the employees who decide to take the option.
The shortened workweek will increase company profits because employees will feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they will make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work will be accomplished will not result in additional payroll cost (工资成本) because four-day employees will only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies will have fewer overworked and error-prone (容易出错的) employees for the same money, which will increase company profits. For the economy as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee can be hired at the 80 percent rate. Finally, the option of a four-day workweek will be better for individual employees. Employees who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time can improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
Summary
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
(1) Paragraph 1
Q: One minute to find the topic and writer's viewpoint.
A: Topic: many employees want to work a four-day week
Writer's viewpoint: A mandatory (法定的) policy requiring companies to offer their normal pay will benefit the individual companies, the economy as a whole as well as the employees who decide to take the option.
Q: Is the writer FOR or AGAINST the topic Why
A: FOR. The word “benefit”.
Q: Which sides will the policy benefit
A: The individual companies, the economy as a whole as well as the employees.
(2) Paragraph 2
Divide the paragraph into three parts.
The shortened workweek will increase company profits because employees will feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they will make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work will be accomplished will not result in additional payroll cost (工资成本) because four-day employees will only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies will have fewer overworked and error-prone (容易出错的) employees for the same money, which will increase company profits. / / For the economy as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee can be hired at the 80 percent rate. / / Finally, the option of a four-day workweek will be better for individual employees. Employees who can afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time can improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities.
Q: Which is the most important sentence in the first part
A: In the end, companies will have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money, which will increase company profits.
Q: Which is the most important sentence in the second part
A: For the economy as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it will reduce unemployment rates.
Q: Which is the most important sentence in the third part
A: Finally, the option of a four-day workweek will be better for individual employees.
(3) Summary
The summary of writer's viewpoint:
The writer argues/thinks that + V
A mandatory (法定的) policy requiring companies to offer their normal pay will benefit the individual companies, the economy as a whole as well as the employees who decide to take the option. (33 words)
→ A four-day week will benefit companies, the whole economy and the employees. (12 words)
The summary of Supporting points 1:
→ Shortened workweek contributes to higher efficient employees, leading to more profits.
The summary of Supporting points 2:
→ Reduced unemployment rates will benefit the whole economy.
The summary of Supporting points 3:
→ More quality life can be guaranteed with shortened work time.
(4) Summary
One possible version:
The writer argues that a four-day workweek will benefit companies, the whole economy, and employees. First, it will increase company profits with more efficient employees for the same money. Second, the whole economy will benefit from reduced unemployment rates. Third, employees can have more time to improve life quality.
随堂练习
(A)
When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. When you read, you can not only learn some new words, but also you can learn how to use these English words. When you read, it gives you a good example for writing.
Read something that you can (more or less) understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting. Reading books with reasonable number of new words is very important. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. But you don’t have to write them while you read. Instead, try to guess their meaning as you read: mark them with a pen. Then come back when you have finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them.
You should develop a good habit of reading. For example, read for a short time once a day. Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix a time to read and keep to it. You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime.
There are a variety of books in the bookstore, so what kinds of books should you choose Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. So, choose an interesting book. You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China. For example, 21st Century Teens. It is easy enough for you to understand it. There is something interesting in it.
Summary
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
One possible version
Reading is an important way to help you learn English well. Here are some tips of reading books. Firstly, while reading books at the right level, try to increase the number of your new words. Besides, read regularly and stick to your reading habit. Lastly, choose the books and newspapers that interest you most.
(B)
People think children should play sports. However, playing sports can have negative effects on children. In may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the USA. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been shouted at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad impression of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.
Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main cause of too much aggression in children’s sports. They believe children copy aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is everything. Many parents go to children’s sporting events and shout insults(辱骂) at other players or cheer when their child behaves aggressively. As well, children are even taught that hurting other players is acceptable or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured.
Additionally, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over again on television, which gradually helps to form an idea that aggressive behaviors are quite acceptable and welcome.
As a society, we really need to face up to this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches in particular should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better values. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to enjoy themselves whether they win or not. And children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that health is not as important as winning.
Summary
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
One possible version
Sports can do harm to children. They may have feelings of poor self-respect or become aggressive. Many researchers believe children are taught to be aggressive through bad examples from parents and coaches. Besides, the media make violence seem acceptable. Parents and coaches should set good examples, and teach children better values.