2022届上海高考英语二轮专题复习名词性从句巩固强化练习（含答案）

名词性从句强化练习
1. 名词性从句的引导词
常用的连接词有：
连接词 作用
whether 是否 that (本身无词义) 只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分
who, whom, whose which 哪一个 what 什么，所…的 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语
when什么时候，where什么地方 how怎样、怎么，why为什么 除了起连接词作用外，还在从句中作状语
2. 名词性从句中的 it 作形式主语或形式宾语
在名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行词 it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语和宾语放到后面，尤其是 that 引导的主语从句往往用先行词 it 作形式主语。
1) 形式主语
为了保持句子平衡，通常将主语从句移至句末而在原主语位置使用形式主语it。具体说来，有以下两种情况：对于以that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句；对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句。如：
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.= It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm.
2) 形式宾语
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语 it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有：make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider, regard, take…for granted等。
George made it clear that he opposed this project.
3. 名词性从句的语序
名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句，不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。
I don’t know why he was crying.
4. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1 .在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should)+do”。 常用的句型有： It is necessary (important， natural， strange， etc.) that…It is a pity (a shame， no wonder， etc.)that… It is suggested (requested， proposed， desired， etc.)that…
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.
2 .谓语动词是表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词时，其后边的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。常用的这类动词有 suggest， propose， move， insist， desire， demand， request， order， command 等，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should)+do” .
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
3. 主语是 suggestion， proposal， request， idea 等表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意义的名词时，表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should)+do ”。
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.
【基础练习】
1. There is evidence ________ playing video games could actually be good for us.
2. The new report looked at 27 different trials that attempted to help pregnant women quit smoking. The researchers took a closer look at ________ these women stayed non-smokers six months after giving birth.
3. As the bears get older, the trainers keep them under control by imposing pain. They do this by putting rings through the bears’ highly sensitive noses and jaws. The pitiful truth is ________ they are not put to sleep for this painful process.
4. Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about ________ had happened to the elderly couple.
5. Now if all these years were to be decreased from the term over which our life extends, we shall find about twenty or thirty years at our disposal (处置) for active work. ________ remembers this can never willingly waste a single moment of his life.
6. Additional findings suggest that adolescents internalize their reactions to their mothers’ conflict with adult friends and ________ they have learned might lead them to anxiety and depression.
7. Successful women will have to “marry down” by choosing partners less qualified and they may increasingly select men based on how supportive they might be to their wives’ careers, rather than ________ they can be the breadwinner for the family.
8. Though some of the medicinal benefits of garlic have yet to be proven, it is certain ________ many people enjoy the flavour that it adds to food.
9. Unless you’re just in Chicago for the day, there’s a good chance that you’ll have some time after work to explore the sleepless city and ________ you’re ready to take a break from business meetings or simply want to throw in some sightseeing after a busy week at work.
10. A few years ago, Maxine Bedat looked in her closet. It was full of clothes, but she had nothing to wear. “That was ________ it was a closet full of fast fashion based on hyper-trends (超时尚) from one season to the next,” said Maxine.
【Keys】1.that 2.whether 3.that 4.what 5.Whoever 6.What 7.whether 8.that 9.that 10.because
【强化练习】
(A) 中译英
Translate the following sentences by using nominal clauses.
1. 他的所做和他的所说大相径庭。 (There)
2. 缺乏实践经验的大学生不太可能马上找到高薪的工作。(chance)
3. 人们理所当然地认为颜值高的人有可能受到雇主的青睐。(grant)
4. 综上所述，我们可以得出这样一个结论：家庭越幸福，你就会越长寿。(conclusion)
5. 随着各种支付方式的出现，许多人越来越担心的是，和现金或信用卡相比，他们的电子钱包是否足够安全。(concern)
【Keys】
1. There is a striking contrast between what he does and what he says.
2. There is little chance that a university graduate without any practical experience can find a well-paid job.
3. It’s taken for granted that those with good physical appearance are more likely to be favored by their employers.
4. From the above/As has been stated above, we can come to the conclusion that the happier your family is, the longer you will live.
5. With various payment methods emerging, what many people are more and more concerned about is whether their e-wallets are safe enough, compared with cash or credit card.
(B) 写作应用
1) 简单句合并为名词性语从句
1. Friendship is more important than money and that a friend in need is a friend indeed. The students have come to realize it.
2. Our women volleyball team had won the championship. The news encouraged us all greatly.
3. All complaints from customers should be investigated quickly and efficiently. That was their rule.
4. It’s easy for them to identify with the characters in the TV series. Therefore, it is popular with young parents.
5. Must students wear school uniforms The school and parents have different opinions on it.
6. The child shows no interests in anything around him except playing online games. This worries me most.
【Keys】
1. The students have come to realize that friendship is more important than money and that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
2. The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
3. They made it a rule that all complaints from customers should be investigated quickly and efficiently.
4. The reason why the TV series is popular with young parents is that it’s easy for them to identify with the characters in it.
5. The school and parents have different opinions on whether students must wear school uniforms.
6. What worries me most is that the child shows no interests in anything around him except playing online games.
2) 请按以下内容要点写一篇有关Andy的英语短文，尽可能多地使用名词性从句。
1. 据说Andy是位有名的歌手，但没有人知道她来自何处，而且她是否出生于1961年仍然是个谜。
2. 大家对她了解的是许多人都喜欢她，因为她总是帮助那些处于困境人。
3. Andy很慷慨而且乐于助人，但有些人认为她想出名。
4. Andy说她不明白为什么他们那么心胸狭窄，但别人怎么想对她无所谓，她只是想做自己认为正确的事。
5. Andy的所作所为向我们展示了一位受人尊敬的歌手应有的品质。
6. 我认为那就是生命意义之所在。
【Keys】
It was said that Andy was a famous singer, but no one knew where she came from and whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. What they did know was that she was loved by many people because she always helped those in trouble. Andy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didn't understand why they were so narrow minded, but it didn't matter what others would think of her. She just wanted to do what she thought was right. What she did and said revealed the good qualities a respectable singer should have.
I think that is where the meaning of life lies.
(C) 阅读应用----名词性从句在长难句中的识别与处理
1. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.
解析：本句的主句是claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. that引导的是同位语从句。
参考译文： 结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。
2. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented.
解析：宾语从句demonstrate that…；whose后有定语从句。
参考译文：这些研究人员已经力图证实他们的工作不仅可以成为科学而且还是历史的宝贵工具，为了解普通人的日常生活提供崭新的观点，否则这些普通人的生存状态不可能被记载得这么好。
3. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.
解析：并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…。
参考译文：关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。
4. What is particularly meaningful to anthropologists is the realization that although the materials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically, the materials by no means determine what is done.
解析：三个what引导的从句，第一个作主语，第二个与第三个都作宾语；that至句末的部分作realization的同位语，although引导让步状语从句。
参考译文：对人类学家有着特殊意义的是这样一种认识：尽管一个社会能够得到的材料可能在一定程度上限制或影响它在艺术上的作为，但这些材料绝对不能决定该社会所做的事情。
5. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy.
解析：本句主句为it became tempting to ….。as引导原因状语从句，主句中的it是形式主语，不定式结构to suggest that…是真正的主语，that引导的宾语从句的主干是every disease and condition…might be responsive to vitamin therapy。
参考译文：由于维生素被认为是健康必需的食物成分，所以过去无有效疗法的每种疾病和状况都可能会对维生素疗法起反应这一建议变得很有吸引力。
6. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
解析：这句话中就是非常典型的it做形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的两个主语从句。
参考译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
7. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
解析：本句主干结构为researchers … have began to extend that forecast…;逗号前面为状语成分，包含一个when引导的定语从句，其中it是形式主语，appear后面是that引导的是主语从句。
参考译文： 虽然一开始在20世纪60年代和70年代有过一段乐观的时期--那时候仿佛晶体管电路和微处理器的发展将使它们在2010年能够模仿人类大脑的活动--但是最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年，甚至数百年。
8. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
解析：主干：This trend began during the Second World War. 定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
参考译文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府下了结论，认为：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
9. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
解析：本句是由for连接的两个因果关系的并列句;for前面的部分是表示结果的分句，此句结构是when引导的状语从句+主句，主句主干结构是… it is advisable to …，其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构;动词不定式结构中又包含一个what引导的宾语从句，做find out的宾语;for后面的部分是表示原因的分句，此句结构是：让步状语从句+主句，主句主干结构是… it is possible that… ,it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句;
参考译文：当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。
10. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects -- a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen -- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
解析：句子主干： … the Court … supported the medical principle of “double effect” … ; although引导的让步状语从句，其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，作ruled的宾语;a centuries-old moral principle是the medical principle的同位语，其中包含一个现在分词holding及其宾语从句现在分词短语做定语;宾语从句中，主干部分是：an action … is permissible…，其中having是现在分词作定语，修饰an action;两个破折号之间是对two effects的解释说明，两个that后面各是一个定语从句;宾语从句中还包含一个if引导的条件状语从句;
参考译文：尽管裁决认为，宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利，然而最高法庭实际上却认可了医疗界的“双效”原则，这个存在了好几个世纪的道德原则认为，如果某种行为具有双重效果(希望达到的好效果和可以预见得到的坏效果)，那么，只要行为实施只是想达到好的效果，这个行为就是可以允许的。