中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 导学案
学 年 2021-2022年度第二学期 科目 八年级英语 课题 Unit3 Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 授课时间
主 备 人 使用人 八年级师生 课型 语法课 审核签字 学案序号 3-3
学习目标 掌握并灵活运用本课的重点词汇与重点短语。 掌握情态动词could表达有礼貌的提出要求及请求准许的用法。提出请求和获取许可，并做出合理应答。 正确区分“borrow, 1end” 的意义和用法。
重 点 总结could的用法，能正确地提出要求或征求对方的许可。 熟练使用Could you/ I please do sth. 及其答语。以及其他表建议的句型。
难 点
教师寄语 It 's never too old to learn. (活到老，学到老)
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 借;借用 v. __________借给; 借出v. _______手指 n._____________厌恶；讨厌 v. _______给; 递; 走过; 通 v. _________________与…同时;然而 conj. __________杂务；乏味无聊的工作 n.____________
二、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 — 我可以和朋友出去吃饭吗？— 当然，应该没问题。— 电影结束后我们可以喝点东西吗？— 不行，你明天有篮球赛。— 你能带狗去散步吗？— 好的，但我想先看一个节目。— 你能把垃圾拿出去吗？— 是的，当然。
精讲点拨 情态动词could的用法 could本来是can的过去式，表示一种过去的能力。本单元中，情态动词could用于疑问句中，表示有礼貌地提出要求或征求对方的许可，此时的could不再是can的过去式，只是让语气委婉、有礼貌。Could you please…… 意为“请问你能……吗？”，could在此不表示过去，而是表示委婉的语气，please后应接动词原形。 ★ 以could开头的表示请求的问句，其回答时要用can，不能用could。 ★ 肯定回答还可以用：Sure./certainly./Yes, sure./No problem./With pleasure.等。 ★ 否定回答还可以用：I’m afraid not./Sorry…… 并给出理由等。 eg：—Could you please lend me your book 请你把你的书借给我，好吗？ —Yes, sure. 好的，当然可以。 —Could you please have some milk 你能喝点牛奶吗？ —No problem.没问题。 —Could I use your bike 我可以用一下你的自行车吗？ —No, you can't. 不，不可以。我在等一个重要的电话。 —Peter, could you please take out the rubbish 彼得，请你把垃圾倒了好吗？ —Yes, I can. 是的，我可以。 —Could you please tell me the way to the bus stop 请问你能告诉我公共汽车站怎么走吗？ —With pleasure. 我很乐意。 ◆ 其他“请求”的表达方式： ① Would you please do…… 请你做……好吗？ ② Would you mind doing…… 你介意做……吗？ ③ Shall I/we do…… 我/我们做……好吗？ ④ Would you like/love to do…… 你愿意做……吗？ ⑤ Let's do…… 让我们做……吧。 Could I at least finish watching this show finish的基本意思是“结束，完成”,表明已达到所做事情的终点。引申可表示“用光，吃光”“毕业”“杀掉”等。finish可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。 eg：You can’t go anywhere until you have finished your homework. 没完成家庭作业前你哪儿都不能去。 He finished reading the book before supper. 晚饭前他把这本书看完了。 跟finish一样，在与动词连用时，只能接动名词形式作宾语，不能接动词不定式的常见动词及短语有： 喜欢（enjoy）错过（miss）别介意（mind）,完成（finish）愉快（have fun）勤练习（practice）,忙得（be busy）禁不住（can't help）想放弃（give up）。 (接to do的动作时间发生在“谓语动词之后，是将来的事情”，一般都是单一动作；接doing的动作时间发生在“以谓语动词为核心，向前后延伸，一般都是过去发生的动作一直持续的事情”，一般都是重复、持续的动作。) (拿finish为例，完成正在做的事可以用finish doing sth.；完成将要做的事finish to do sth.，是不符合语言逻辑的，所以finish是不能跟动词不定式的) And she won't be happy if she sees this mess. mess作名词，常用短语。make a mess 搞得一团糟（表示动作）；be in a mess 杂乱不堪；陷入困境（表示状态） eg：—Don't make a mess on the balcony, Betty. —Sorry, I won't. All the rooms are in a mess. 【拓展延伸】 mess还可作动词，意为“使不整洁；弄脏；弄乱” 。 eg：I've put the books away. Please don't mess them up again. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie hang out为固定短语，此时hang的过去式和过去分词均为hung。 eg：She is hanging out with her friends in the shopping mall. 她和朋友们在购物中心闲逛。 【拓展】 含hang的其他常见短语： hang out 抓紧；别挂电话 hang up 挂断电话 hang together (观点等)前后一致 hang back 犹豫；留下，吞吞吐吐 Could you please pass me the salt pass在此处为及物动词，意为“给；递”。pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.，意为“把某物递给某人”。如果sth. 为代词，只能用pass sth. to sb. 结构。 eg：He passed me the magazine. = He passed the magazine to me. This ball is Owen's. Please pass it to him. 【拓展】 pass作动词的其他常见含义： pass 意为“走过；通过”；“及格；合格”；“(时间) 过去；流逝” eg：The road was so narrow that cars were unable to pass. I was happy that I passed the exam. The days passed slowly. Could I borrow that book Could you lend me some money borrow v.借；借用 lend v. 借给；借出 例词含义常用结构borrow“借；借用”，指主语从别人处“借来”东西自己使用。borrow sth. (from sb.) （向某人）借某物lend (lent, lent)“借给；借出”，指主语把自己的东西“借出”给别人使用。lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
【拓展】keep也可表示“借”，是延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。keep sth. for some time表示“借用某物一段时间”。而lend与borrow是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 eg：Nick borrowed a book from the library and he lent it to me. He told me that I could keep it for a week. 【巧学妙记】主语借出用lend，主语借入用borrow，想要保存用keep。
检测小结 一、用情态动词can/could, can’t, may, must, mustn’t, needn’t填空。 —_______ you come and play with us now —I’m afraid I _______. I _______ do the cooking. I _______ come later. —_______ we clean the windows today —No, you _______. You _______ clean them tomorrow. —_______ I watch TV this evening, mum —No, you _______. Work _______ come first. —_______ I come in, please —Yes, please. Excuse me. _______ you tell me the way to the cinema 二、完成句子 杰克，请你把垃圾倒掉好吗？ Jack, _______ _______ _______take out the rubbish 下课后我们能去踢足球吗？ _______ _______ _______ football after class 我能借你的伞用一下吗？ _______ _______ _______ your umbrella 单项选择。 —Could you tell me how to pay for the food by QR code(二维码)on the phone —_____. A. Take it easy B. It doesn't matter C. With pleasure D. You're welcome —Gina, could you please play the drums on the art festival —_____ I can only play the guitar. A. I'm afraid I can't. B. Yes, I can. C. Sure, I'd love to. —Could you please help me wash the car, Tony —____, I'm studying for my coming English test now. A. That's right B. I'm sorry C. It doesn’t matter D. Not at all —Could I invite my friends to the party on Saturday, Mom —Of course you ____. That sounds like fun. A. may B. could C. must D. can Li Ming ____ speak two languages when he was eight years old. A. may B. can C. can't D. could —David, ____ you please sweep the floor and take out the rubbish —OK. Mum. A. could B. may C. should D. must —Mum, it's too hot. ____ I swim in the lake —No, you ____. That's too dangerous! A. Should; can't B. Need; mustn't C. Must; needn't D. Could; mustn't
参考答案
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 borrowlendfingerhatepasswhilechore
二、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 —Could I go out for dinner with my friends —Sure, that should be OK.Could we get something to drink after the movie No, you can't. You have a basketball game tomorrow.Could you please take the dog for a walk OK, but I want to watch one show first.Could you please take out the rubbish Yes, sure.
检测小结 一、用情态动词can/could, can’t, may, must, mustn’t, needn’t填空。 Could;can’t;must;canMust;needn’t;canMay;mustn’t;mustCanCan
二、完成句子 could you pleaseCould we playCould I borrow
三、单项选择。 CABDDAD
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Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
Section A 2d＆Grammar Focus-4c
人教新目标版 八年级下
Watch the video and write down the chores.
Lead in
Lead in
What chores have you seen in the video
1. take out the rubbish/trash
2. sweep the floor
3. do/wash the dishes
4. clean the desk
5. make the bed
Look at the picture in 2d and predict.
1. Who are they
Maybe a sister and a brother.
2.Where are they
At home.
3. What are they doing
They are grabbing the remote control.
Presentation
Listen to the conversation and answer the qucstions.
Presentation
1. What does the brother want to do first
2. Where do you think their mother is
3. Who's really the boss at home, the boys, the girl, or the mother
They want to finish watching the show.
She is at the shopping place or on the way home.
The mother.
Presentation
Read the conversation and check (√) the things the brother 's sister want him to do.
take out the rubbish fold the clothes
sweep the floor make his bed
do the dishes clean the living room
√
√
√
Presentation
Find out the sentences used to make requests and those used to ask for permission.
Make requests:
1.Could you please help out with a few things
2.Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes, and do the dishes
Ask for permission:
Could I at least finish watching this show
2d
Presentation
Role-play the conversation.
Sister: Tony, could you please help out with a few things
Brother: Could I at least finish watching this show
Sister: No. I think two hours of TV is enough for you！
Brother: Fine. What do you want me to do
Sister: Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes
Brother: So much
Sister: Yes, because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now.
And she won't be happy if she sees this mess.
Brother: But the house is already pretty clean and tidy!
Sister: Yes, well, it's clean, but it's not “mother clean”!
至少；起码（反义短语：at most）
帮点忙
finish doing sth.完成做某事
be enough for sb.
对某人足够了
这么多吗？
随时；马上；在任何时候
复数名词（短语）作主语，被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
“妈妈（想要的）那样干净”
Role-play the conversation.
Pair work
Presentation
Grammar Focus
Observe this chart and let’s read the sentences.
Could I go out for dinner with my friends Sure, that should be OK.
Could we get something to drink after the movie No, you can't. You have a basketball game tomorrow.
Could you please take the dog for a walk OK, but I want to watch one show first.
Could you please take out the rubbish Yes, sure.
Can you find the common features of these sentences
Grammar Focus
情态动词could的用法
could
eg：I could run fast when I was 10.我10岁时就能跑得很快。
Could you help me 你能帮我吗？
You could talk to your teacher now. 你现在可以和老师谈谈了。
He couldn’t be at the school last weekend. 上周末他不可能在学校。
can的过去式
礼貌的请求
提出建议
推测
用于提出要求或请求
Grammar Focus
“Could you please... ” 意为 “能请你……吗？”，否定形式为“Could you please not... ” 用于提出要求或请求。
肯定回答
Yes, sure./Of cousre. 是的，当然可以。
No problem. 没问题。
With pleasure. 乐意帮忙。
Sure./Of course./Certainly, I can. 当然可以。
eg：—Could you please lend me your bike
—Sure./Of course./Certainly, I can.
Sorry, I can't. I have to... 对不起，我不能，我得……
Sorry, I'm going to ... 对不起，我将……
I'm afraid I can’t. I have to... 我恐怕不能。我得……
I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行。
eg：—Could you please go hiking with me tomorrow
—Sorry, I can't. I have to prepare for a competition.
否定回答
肯定回答及否定回答中,均不用could,而是要用can代替could。
Grammar Focus
用于征得许可
“Could I... ”意为“我能……吗？”，用于请求对方允许自己做某事。
eg：—Could I have a look at your new watch
—Of course you can. Here you are.
—Mum, could I go out for a while
—I'm afraid you can't. You have to wash your clothes first.
Yes, you can. / Of course you can. /Yes, please.
Sorry, you can't. /I'm afraid you can't. /No, you mustn’t.
否定回答
肯定回答
Grammar Focus
Grammar Focus
特别提醒：
eg：Could/Can I come in
表示请求允许（即请求别人允许自己做某事），could和can都可以用，但could语气更委婉。
eg：—Could I use your pen —Of course you can.
对别人的请求许可的回答，一般只用can，而不用could。
4a
Presentation
Write R for requests and P for permission.
1. ____ Could I hang out with my friends after the movie
2. ____ Could you please pass me the salt
3. ____ Could I borrow that book
4. ____ Could you help me do the dishes
5. ____ Could you lend me some money
P
R
P
R
R
Then match each one with the correct response.
Presentation
a. Yes, here you are.
b. Hmm. How much do you need
c. Yes, sure. No problem. I
finished reading it last night.
d. Yes, but don't come back too late.
e. No, I can't. I cut my finger and
I'm trying not to get it wet.
1. P-__ Could I hang out with my friends
after the movie
2. R-__ Could you please pass me the salt
3. P-__ Could I borrow that book
4. R-__ Could you help me do the dishes
5. R-__ Could you lend me some money
hang out with sb.和某人出去玩
pass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人
lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
d
a
c
e
b
Fill in the blanks in the conversation.
4b
Presentation
A: I have to _____ chores.
B: Well, I hate some chores too, but I like other chores.
A: Really Great! ______ I ask you to ______ me with some chores then
B: What do you need help with
A: ______ you please _________ my clothes for me
B: I don't want to do that! It's boring!
A: OK. Then ______ you ______ do the dishes for me
B: Sure, no problem. But ______ we go to the movies after that
A: Sure. I'll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. Then we
can go to the movies.
do
Could
help
Could
fold/wash
could
please
could
不得不
while conj. 与……同时；当……的时候；而；然而
Presentation
4c
Make a list of things your group needs to do for a camping trip. Then discuss who will do them and complete the chart.
To-do list Name
bring a tent Liu Chang
A: Could you please bring a tent,
Liu Chang
B: Sure. And could you please...
C: Sorry, I can't. I have to...
A: Could you please bring a tent, Liu Chang
B: Sure. And could you please bring a camera, Mary
C: Sorry, I can't. I have to prepare some food and drinks.
D: I'd like to bring a camera. And could I prepare some cards We
can play a card game there.
A: That's a good idea. And I'll bring some matches and a flashlight.
Example
Pair work
Ask and answer the questions in 4c.
Summary
常见表示委婉请求做某事的句型及其答语:
委婉请求: Could you please+ do sth.
Could you+ do sth.
Would you please + do sth.
Would you + do sth.
肯定回答: Sure. /Of course. /No problem. /I'd love to.
否定回答: Sory./Sorry, I can’t / I'd love to, but……
Summary
在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，主要结构有：
⑴ 直接性的建议的句子: Let’s+do sth. 表示“让我们做某事”。(包括双方在内)
Let us+do sth. 表示“让我们做某事”。(不包括对方在内)
⑵ 表委婉性建议: Would/Do you mind (not) doing sth.你介意(不)做某事吗？
Shall we do sth. 我们做某事好吗？
⑶表征求性建议: What/How about+doing sth. 做某事怎么样？
⑷表劝告性建议:You had better (not) do sth. 你最好(不)要做某事。
=You’d better (not) do sth.
⑸ 表责备性建议:Why not do sth. 你/他们/我们为什么不做某事呢？
=Why don’t you/they/we do sth.
⑹表请求性建议: Would you like+短语/to do sth.？ 你愿意…吗？
Would/Could/Will you please+(not)do sth.请你(不)做某事好吗？
Summary
对于请求或提建议的句型常用的应答语有:
肯定回答:
Sure. / Certainly. / All right. / Of course, you can. /
Yes, please. / No problem. /I’d be glad to. / Good idea ....
否定回答:
No, thanks./I’m afraid you can’t./ You’d better not.
KEY Phrases
1. 洗餐具： do the dishes
2. 倒垃圾： take out the rubbish
3. 叠衣服： fold your clothes
4. 扫地： sweep the floor
5. 叠被子： make your bed
6. 打扫： clean the living room
7. 外出就餐： go out for dinner
8. 去看电影： go to the movies
9. 在外面呆到很晚： stay out late
10. 搭便车： get a ridey
11. 至少 at least
12. 随时，马上 any minute now
13. 用某人的电脑 use one's computer
14. 帮助做某事 help out with sth.
15.没问题 No problem.
16.相当干净和整洁 pretty clean and tidy
Summary
Language points
1. Could I at least finish watching this show (教材P18 2d)
finish的基本意思是“结束，完成”,表明已达到所做事情的终点。引申可表示“用光，吃光”“毕业”“杀掉”等。finish可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。
finish doing sth. 完成做某事。
Point
eg：You can’t go anywhere until you have finished your homework.
没完成家庭作业前你哪儿都不能去。
He finished reading the book before supper. 晚饭前他把这本书看完了。
跟finish一样，在与动词连用时，只能接动名词形式作宾语，不能接动词不定式的常见动词及短语有：
喜欢（enjoy）错过（miss）别介意（mind）,完成（finish）愉快（have fun）勤练习（practice）,忙得（be busy）禁不住（can't help）想放弃（give up）。
(接to do的动作时间发生在“谓语动词之后，是将来的事情”，一般都是单一动作；接doing的动作时间发生在“以谓语动词为核心，向前后延伸，一般都是过去发生的动作一直持续的事情”，一般都是重复、持续的动作。)
(拿finish为例，完成正在做的事可以用finish doing sth.；完成将要做的事finish to do sth.，是不符合语言逻辑的，所以finish是不能跟动词不定式的)
Language points
Language points
2. And she won't be happy if she sees this mess. (教材P18 2d)
mess n. 杂乱；不整洁
Point
mess作名词，常用短语。
eg：—Don't make a mess on the balcony, Betty. —Sorry, I won't.
All the rooms are in a mess.
【拓展延伸】 mess还可作动词，意为“使不整洁；弄脏；弄乱” 。
eg：I've put the books away. Please don't mess them up again.
make a mess 搞得一团糟（表示动作）
be in a mess 杂乱不堪；陷入困境（表示状态）
Language points
3. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie (教材P20 4a)
hang out为固定短语，此时hang的过去式和过去分词均为hung。
hang out 闲逛
Point
eg：She is hanging out with her friends in the shopping mall.
她和朋友们在购物中心闲逛。
【拓展】 含hang的其他常见短语：
hang out 抓紧；别挂电话
hang up 挂断电话
hang together (观点等)前后一致
hang back 犹豫；留下，吞吞吐吐
4. Could you please pass me the salt (教材P20 4a)
pass在此处为及物动词，意为“给；递”。pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.，意为“把某物递给某人”。如果sth. 为代词，只能用pass sth. to sb. 结构。
eg：He passed me the magazine. = He passed the magazine to me.
This ball is Owen's. Please pass it to him.
Language points
pass v. 给；递；走过；通过
Point
【拓展】 pass作动词的其他常见含义：
eg：The road was so narrow that cars were unable to pass.
I was happy that I passed the exam.
The days passed slowly.
pass 意为“走过；通过”；“及格；合格”；“(时间) 过去；流逝”
5. Could I borrow that book (教材P20 4a)
Could you lend me some money (教材P20 4a)
Language points
borrow v.借；借用 lend v. 借给；借出
Point
【易混辨析】 borrow与lend
例词 含义 常用结构
borrow “借；借用”，指主语从别人处“借来”东西自己使用。 borrow sth. (from sb.)
（向某人）借某物
lend (lent, lent) “借给；借出”，指主语把自己的东西“借出”给别人使用。 lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
【拓展】keep也可表示“借”，是延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。keep sth. for some time表示“借用某物一段时间”。而lend与borrow是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
【巧学妙记】主语借出用lend，主语借入用borrow，想要保存用keep。
eg：Nick borrowed a book from the library and he lent it to me. He told me that I could keep it for a week.
Language points
Homework
1. Review the use of the modal verb “could”.
2. Do the exercises in students’ book.
3. Preview Section B (1a-1e).
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