上海市2022届高三英语二轮复习十一选十专题精讲与答题技巧学案（含答案）

十一选十专题精讲与答题技巧-上海市2022届高三英语二轮复习
解题注意点
十一选十这个题将词汇的考查放到了语篇当中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情境中的应用，不是单纯的考查词汇，文章题干均清晰明了，并提供了足够的上下文支撑供考生答题。同时，词汇题的难度分布也较为合理，确保了各个层次的考生都能得分。因此，情景理解和语言运用的味道比较浓厚，注重考查理解能力和逻辑推理能力的试题多。
题型特征及考点
选词填空的特点
1) 文章不会太长
2) 第一句是主题句且不设空
3) 每隔15－30个词有一个空，共10空
4) 方框中词汇难度不高，文章略低于阅读理解难度
选词填空的考点
1) 词汇方面：以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词
2) 语法方面：句子结构分析能力
3) 逻辑方面：考察上下文联系
解题步骤：
第一步：详读选项，词分类
第二步：略读全文，定中心
第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选
第四步：复核检查，定结果
具体解题流程
第一步：整理选项classify the options
我们应该根据词性把选项中的每个单词进行分类归纳标 ，标出它们的词性。
标注词性时注意的问题
1. 不认识的单词看词缀
考察：-ive ___________________________________________
-ate ___________________________________________
-acy ___________________________________________
-dom ___________________________________________
-ship ___________________________________________
-some ___________________________________________
名词-ly ___________________________________________
-dom ___________________________________________
-wards ___________________________________________
(形容词)-ly ___________________________________________
-ic, ics ___________________________________________
【keys】
-ive adj 后缀 H.I.
-ate v. 后缀；表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
-acy n. 后缀；表示"性质，状态，境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
-dom n. 后缀；表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-ship n. 后缀；表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
-some n. 后缀；troublesome, handsome
名词-ly adj. 后缀；manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
-dom n. 后缀；表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-wards adv. 后缀；out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地
(形容词)-ly adv. 后缀； bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地
-ic, ics n. 后缀；表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
2. 认识的单词要注意一词多性和一词多义。比如display, concern, challenge
对一词多性的考查：
典型例题：
They farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone.
【keys】解析：farm有名词（农场）和动词（干农活儿）两种词性，此处farm的形式和后面的lived, had是平行结构，应用过去时farmed。
While both hens and ducks benefit the garden by eating pests, hens are known to damage herb and grass beds.
【keys】解析：benefit一词多性，此处作动词，意为：母鸡和鸭子可以通过吃害虫给花园带来益处。
a way that mirrors their company standards
【keys】解析：此处译为：反映(mirror)公司水平的方式。
employees will get its money back
【keys】解析：get sth. back 译为“拿回…”，back同时可以做动词，有词组：back you up，表示支持。
Originally, it favored candidates with a military flight background.
【keys】解析：favor在这里作动词，表示“支持”。
In March the release of a large-scale, 24-year survey gave one of the clearest pictures yet of the decline of Australian and Asian shorebirds
【keys】解析：release既可以做名词还可以做动词，此处做名词，表示“发布”。
This allows the hospital to work more effectively than if we only approach problems one way.
【keys】解析：approach 做名词表示“方法；途径；接近”，做动词表示“接近；着手处理”，此处做动词用，表示“着手处理”
对一词多义的考查：
典型例题：
Ducks are immune to some common diseases found in hens.
【keys】解析：common disease 翻译成“常见疾病”，common同时可以译成“共同的”例如： common goal。
He conducted good research on the company’s core business.
【keys】解析：conduct 进行；导电；指挥，conduct在这里译为“进行、做”。
Errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features,
【keys】解析：multiply大家熟悉的意思是乘法，本句考查增加，增多的意思。
Male nurses can be a great help in keeping patients still while they receive painful treatment
【keys】解析：still有“.静止的、不动的。仍然”的意思，此处表示“不动的”。
3. 动词归类要细分为v，v-ed, v-ing。
【注意】分词在句中可以做:定语，表语，宾语补足语，状语。
例:
Do you know the man __________ (stand) over there
Have you read the book __________ (write)by Zhang Ming
The news he told us is __________ (inspire).
They are __________ (satisfy)with their present job.
He heard his name __________ (call).
Listen to the little birds __________ (sing)beautifully in the garden.
__________ (see)the professor, the students smiled and said good morning to him.
__________ (see) from the top of the hill, the village looks more beautiful.
【keys】
standing 做定语
written 做定语
inspiring 做表语
satisfied 做表语
called 做补语
singing 做补语
Seeing 做状语
Seen 做状语
4. 如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时，要结合上下文进行试填，找出最合适的词。
比如：在本题中出现了supporting与conflicting，往往其中一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。
第二步：通读全文
通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90% 的内容。选词填空的选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，而且还有干扰项，一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意横线前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。
提醒：通读就是根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓出文章的主题。
判定文章主题对于篇章的整体把握具有很大的积极意义。
第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选
我们在选择时，根据所掌握的英语语法规则来初步确定每个空应填词汇的词性，缩小选择范围。然后，根据上下文的内在逻辑结构和语言知识储备选择合适的选项填空。
1. 如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：
（1）动词的确定：一个句子有且只有一个谓语; 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。(判断动词时，可以从谓语和非谓语进行区分，如果是作谓语，结合主谓一致、时态语态、固定搭配及词义进行辨析从而缩小范围)
a. 前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）；
b. 空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；
c. 空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配；
e. 不定式to后为动词原形，介词to后面为动名词；
f. 情态动词后面为动词原形；
g. 空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词。
（2.）名词的确定： （名词、动名词）
a. 名词主要做主语、宾语;
b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词;
c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词;
d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语;
e. 介词后面必有名词或相当与名词的词.
（3.）形容词的确定： （可以是形容词、过去分词及现在分词）
a.名词的前面或后面。
b.副词的后面。
c.系动词或be动词后面。
（4.）副词的确定：
a.动词的附近（指前面或后面）。
b.形容词的前面。
c.句子结构完整，不缺成份。
2. 运用逻辑和语言知识储备解题
（1）运用逻辑关系
在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。
常见的逻辑关系词如下：
1) 并列关系：and , or, as well as 等
2) 转折，对比关系：but , however , on the contrary , rather than 等
3) 比较关系：as…as , like , similar 等
4) 因果关系：because , for , since , as a result of , therefore , thus 等
5) 举例关系：for example , for instance , such as ， and so on 等
6) 递进关系：and , what’s more , moreover , in addition 等
（2）调用知识储备
根据固定搭配或语感主动发现缺失信息，然后正确匹配
第四步：复核检查，定结果
复读全文，填空完成后，再次复读全文，自我感觉上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题也需要谨慎的微作调整。
随堂练习：
A. accounted B. limited C. commercials D. popular E. overnight F. helped G. increased H. symbols I. though J. talented K. fashion
The next time you watch NBA playoff action on TV, take a close look at the shoes that many players are wearing. Gone, for the most part, are the ankle-hugging high-tops that supposedly are ___1___ to protect players from injury.
The change over the last few years to low-top sneakers(运动鞋) seems to go against conventional wisdom. Strangely, ___2___, Steven Nash and Kobe Bryant, two of the most ___3___ players with the Los Angeles Lakers, aren’t worried.
According to the US market-research firm NPD Group, high-tops once ___4___ for about 20 percent of the US basketball shoe market. Now, the number has sunk to about 8 percent. Low-tops, the kind that Nash and Bryant wear, have grown to 29 percent, from just 11 percent in 2002.
High-top sneakers are one of the most celebrated ___5___ in modern basketball. After the 1985 Air Jordans so transformed the market, shoe companies began battling one another. They put air pumps in the tongues of their shoes and made carefully prepared and organized ___6___.
“All of a sudden it became a ___7___ business,” Marshal Cohen, an analyst with NPD group, told The Wall Street Journal. The Jordans were excellent. The market went from being nothing to a million-dollar business ___8___.”
One of the reasons high-tops is not so ___9___ anymore is that they were never really very good at protecting the feet.
In an article in the British Journal of Sports Medicine in 2008, University of Newcastle researcher Craig Richards found no evidence that sneakers ___10___ injuries. His research actually found that high-top basketball sneakers could even cause players to run slower and jump lower. Now, the contest has become a panies like Adidas, Nike, Converse and Reebok are all fighting to create the next “Air Jordan,” and with the next market battle.
【keys】
1-10 F I J A H C K E D B