Reading and Thinking
Bridging Cultures
Guess what former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd，Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and US president Donald Trump's granddaughter，Arabella Kushner，have in common？They all study Chinese as a second language.
Although Chinese is known as one of the hardest languages to learn，a lot of people from different backgrounds are studying it with hopes of big benefits.
2 November saw more than 120 people，representing 105 countries，compete in the finals of the 12th “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Proficiency Competition for foreign secondary school students.Held in Zhengzhou，Henan Province，the finals featured speech contests and talent shows.The contestants also visited the Shaolin Temple，Longmen Grottoes and other historical sites in Henan.
While reasons for learning Chinese varied among contestants，a common one was enthusiasm for the country's rich culture and rapid development.
Raissa，17，from the Union of the Comoros，developed a strong emotional connection with China after her grandmother was cured by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa three years ago.This led her to learn Chinese at a local Confucius Institute.
Fascinated by Chinese culture，the contestant has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China.“My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did，” she said.
For Fekete Marcell Zoltan，17，from the Hungarian Chinese Bilingual School，studying Chinese may secure him a future job as a Hungarian diplomat to China.“After graduation from high school，I would like to further my studies in China，” he said.
Now that a bridge has been established between the contestants and China，where will their journeys take them
Robert Davis，director of the Chinese language program in Chicago's public school system，may give you a hint.“Chinese isn't the new French.It's the new English，” he told CGTN.
[理解]
“My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did，” she said.
译文：她说：“我的梦想是在中国学医，这样我就能像中国医生那样给病人治病。”
分析：引号内的句子是直接引语；My dream is to study medicine in China是主句；so that引导目的状语从句；like在此是连词，引导方式状语从句。
[积累]
①background n. 背景
②represent vt. 代表
③contestant n. 选手
④enthusiasm n. 热情
⑤connection n. 连接；联系
⑥fascinated adj. 着迷的
Section ⅠReading and Thinking
①say goodbye to 与……道别
②board a plane for登上飞往……的飞机
③recall vt.& vi.记起；回想起
④qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
a business qualification工商管理资格证书
⑤global business国际商务
⑥ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负
⑦at first起初；开始
⑧adapt to适应……
⑨get used to习惯于……
⑩get lost迷路
be familiar with熟悉……
adaptation n．适应；改编本
comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸
vt.安慰；抚慰
be keen to do ...渴望做……
take turns to do ...轮流做……
tutor n．(英国大学中的)助教；导师；家庭教师
cite vt.引用；引述
less than小于；少于
participation n．参加；参与
participate vi.参加；参与
participate in 参加；参与
presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出
speak up大声点说；明确表态
boost one's confidence增强信心
feel at home舒服自在；不拘束
engage vi.参加；参与(活动)
vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)
engage in(使)从事；参与
involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加
be/get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联
messenger n．送信人；信使
wish sb all the best祝某人一切顺利
“WELCOME，XIE LEI！”
BUSINESS STUDENT BUILDING BRIDGES
Six months ago，19 year old Xie Lei said goodbye to① her family and friends and boarded a plane for② London.It was the first time that she had left China.[1]“I was very excited but also quite nervous.I didn't know what to expect，” Xie Lei recalled③.
[1]It is/was the first time that ...这是某人第一次做……。
Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification④ at a university in China and has come to our university on a year long exchange programme.“I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business⑤ and improve my English [2].My ambition⑥ is to set up a business in China after graduation [3]，” she explained.
[2]该句是一个复合句。because引导原因状语从句，其中and连接两个并列的不定式。
[3]该句中to set up a business in China为不定式短语作表语。
At first⑦，Xie Lei had to adapt to⑧ life in a different country.“You have to get used to⑨ a whole new life，” she said.“I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn't know the English names for[4].When I got lost⑩，I had to ask passers by for help，but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar with. [5] I ask them to repeat themselves a lot！”
[4]该句是一个复合句。and连接两个并列的“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作learn的宾语。其中I ...names for为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词things。
[5]该句是一个复合句。but连接两个表示转折关系的并列句，其中When I got lost为时间状语从句；I'm not familiar with为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词words。
Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptationto the new culture. [6] “When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family [7]，” Xie Lei said.“When there's something I don't know or understand [8], I can ask them.They are also keen to learn about China.Laura，the daughter of my host family，wants to study in China in the future.We take turns to cook each evening.They really love my stir fried tomatoes and eggs！Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it，so I taught her how to cook it，too. [9]”
[6]该句是一个复合句。Although引导让步状语从句；who ...new culture为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词host family。
[7]该句是一个复合句。When I miss home为时间状语从句。
[8]When引导时间状语从句，其中I ...understand为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词something。
[9]so连接表示因果关系的并列句，she always feels hungry为省略了that的宾语从句，when she smells it为时间状语从句。
Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements.The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! [10] Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people [11].Her tutor advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.
[10]该句是一个复合句。but连接表示转折关系的并列句，其中The first time ...essay为时间状语从句，what ...had said为宾语从句，if ...ideas为条件状语从句，what she thought也是宾语从句。
[11]该句是一个复合句。because引导原因状语从句，she knew ...other people为省略了that的宾语从句。
Xie Lei also found many courses included students' participation in class as part of the final result. [12] Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts，and raise questions，as well as give presentations.At first，Xie Lei had no idea what she should say，but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. [13] “My presentation on traditional Chinese art was a great success, which boosted my confidence，” she said.“I'll use these skills back home for presentations.They'll help me build a strong business in the future.”
[12]该句是一个复合句。many ...final result为省略了that的宾语从句。
[13]but连接表示转折关系的并列句，其中what she should say为同位语从句；what surprised her为主语从句；that ...weeks为表语从句。
Now halfway through her exchange year，Xie Lei feels much more at home in the UK.What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.“Engaging in British culture [14] has helped，” she said.“As well as studying hard，I've been involved in social activities.British people are fascinated by our culture and eager to learn more about it，so I'm keen to share my culture with them.While I'm learning about business [15]，I'm also acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between us[16].”
[14]Engaging in British culture为动名词短语作主语，且为单数。
[15]该句为一个复合句。While引导时间状语从句。
[16]building a bridge between us为现在分词短语作后置定语。
We will follow Xie Lei's progress in later editions，but for now, we wish her all the best.
“欢迎你，谢蕾！”
商科学生搭建文化
交流的桥梁
半年前，19岁的谢蕾告别家人和朋友，登上了飞往伦敦的班机。这是她第一次离开中国。“我很激动，也很紧张，不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。
谢蕾在中国一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目。“之所以选择这个交流项目，是因为我想了解全球商务，并提高我的英语水平。我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。”她解释道。
起初，谢蕾不得不去适应异国他乡的生活。“你必须习惯一种全新的生活。”她说，“我得学会使用公共交通，学会要到我不知道英文名称的东西。迷路时，我得向路人求助，但是这里的人讲话语速很快，而且使用的是我不熟悉的单词。我老是让他们重复！”
虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，有助于她适应异国文化。“有第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰。”谢蕾说。“当我有不知道或不理解的事情时，我可以咨询他们。他们对中国也很感兴趣，我房东的女儿劳拉将来想到中国求学。我们每晚轮流做饭，他们真的很爱吃我做的番茄炒蛋！劳拉说每次闻到香味，她就感到饥肠辘辘，于是我也教她做这道菜。”
谢蕾面临的另一个挑战是学业要求。第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！谢蕾困惑不解，因为她觉得自己懂得没有别人多。她的导师建议她广泛阅读文献，形成自己睿智的观点。
此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。学生需要形成观点、提供例子、运用概念、提出问题，并且还要进行展示。刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么。但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。“我的中国传统艺术展示非常成功，提升了我的自信心。”她说，“回国后，我会将这些技能运用到展示中，帮助我未来打造一家强大的企业。”
一年的交换生生涯现已过半，谢蕾感觉在英国过得轻松自如多了。以前看似奇怪的事情现在对她来说显得十分平常了。“融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。”她说，“努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。英国人对我们的文化十分着迷，渴望了解更多中国文化，因此我也乐于同他们分享。攻读商科的同时，我也扮演着文化使者的角色，在中外文化之间架起一座桥梁。”
我们会在随后的几期中跟踪报道谢蕾的进展情况，但现在我们祝她一切顺利。
Step One：Pre reading
Discussing — Look at the following four pictures of universities abroad.Which university do you want to study in Give your reasons.
Answers may vary.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1．The text mainly tells us the Chinese student Xie Lei's ．
A．life and study in the UK
B．challenges while travelling
C．difficulties she met while studying
D．experience while travelling in the UK
答案：A
2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Follow Xie Lei's progress.
Para.2 B．Xie Lei has adapted to the new life.
Para.3 C．The differences in class.
Para.4 D．The general introduction to Xie Lei and her study.
Para.5 E．Xie Lei left China for London.
Para.6 F．The difficulties that Xie Lei met while living in London.
Para.7 G．The advantages of living with a host family.
Para.8 H．The academic requirements.
答案：Paras.1～8 EDFGHCBA
Ⅱ.Read for details
阅读文章第一段，完成第1题。
1．Why was Xie Lei very nervous when she left for London
Because she didn't know what to expect.
阅读文章第二至四段，完成第2至5题。
2．判断正(T)误(F)。
(1)What Xie Lei wanted to do was to set up her own business after graduation.(T)
(2)Like many other exchange students, Xie Lei lived in the campus accommodation.(F)
回答下列问题
3．What problems did Xie Lei have when speaking to the British at first
Some language problems.
4．What did Xie Lei do when she didn't understand what a native said
Ask him to repeat.
5．Why did Xie Lei choose to live with a host family
Because they can help her adapt to the new culture.
阅读文章第五到八段，完成第6至8题。
选择最佳选项
6．What does her tutor want to know about Xie Lei
A．Her real level. B．Her study result.
C．Her own ideas. D．Her attitude to learning.
答案：C
7．What does Xie Lei think her identity is
A．An honored visitor. B．A cultural messenger.
C．A bridge builder. D．A fluent translator.
答案：B
回答下面问题
8．Why has Xie Lei got involved in social activities
To learn more about British culture and introduce Chinese culture to British people.
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post reading
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Six months ago, Xie Lei boarded a plane for London.It was the first time that she 1.had left (leave) home.She went to a university to study for a business qualification and chose the exchange programme because she wanted to learn about 2.global(globe) business.She was 3.ambitious (ambition) to set up a business after graduation.
At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country.She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her 4.adaptation (adapt) to the new culture.When she missed home, she felt 5.comforted (comfort) to have a second family.Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements.Her tutor told her to acknowledge 6.what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form 7.a wise opinion of her own.
Now halfway through her exchange year，Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK.She said 8.engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had 9.been involved (involve) in social activities.She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge 10.between the two countries.
Ⅱ.讨论
1．What kind of person do you think Xie Lei is Discuss with your partners and find evidence in the article to support your opinion.
excellent, diligent, brave, strong minded, hard working ...
2．What are the advantages of studying abroad
Not only can we learn new cultures and knowledge from foreign countries, but studying abroad can also enrich our lives culturally and economically.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1．When I got lost，I had to ask passers by for help，but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar with.
[句式分析] 句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中When I got lost为when引导的时间状语从句；I'm not familiar with为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词words。
[自主翻译] 迷路时，我得向路人求助，但是这里的人讲话语速很快，而且使用的是我不熟悉的单词。
2．Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.
[句式分析] 句中Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation为although引导的让步状语从句； who can help with her adaptation to the new culture为关系代词 who 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a host family。
[自主翻译] 虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，有助于她适应异国文化。
3．The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
[句式分析] 本句的主干是“主谓宾”结构：her tutor explained that ...。句首的The first time that ...是时间状语从句。主句谓语动词explained后面是两个that引导的宾语从句。在第一个分句中有一个what引导的宾语从句和一个if引导的条件状语从句；在第二个分句中，what she thought作动词know的宾语。
[自主翻译] 第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．Xie Lei recalled 谢蕾回忆道
2．a business qualification 工商管理资格证书
3．my ambition 我的志向
4．adapt to the new culture 适应新的文化
5．feel comforted 感到安慰
6．she cite their ideas 她引用他们的观点
7．include students' participation 包括学生们的参与
8．give presentations 发表演讲
9．engage in British culture 融入英国文化
10．be involved in social activities 参加了一些社会活动
11．act as a cultural messenger 充当一个文化使者
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
adapt vt.使适应；改编，改写＋ ation→adaptation n．适应；改编本
例：present v．颁发，呈递→presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出
consider v．考虑；认为→consideration n．仔细考虑，体贴
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Six months ago，19 year old Xie Lei said goodbye to (与……道别) her family and friends and boarded a plane for London.
2．“My ambition is to set up (建立) a business in China after graduation，”she explained.
3．At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to (适应) life in a different country.
4．When I got lost (迷路), I had to ask passers by for help，but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar with (熟悉).
5．We take turns (轮流) to cook each evening.
6．At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up (大声说出来) in class after just a few weeks.
7．Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei feels much more at home (感觉舒服自在多了) in the UK.
8．“Engaging in (融入) British culture has helped，”she said.“As well as studying hard, I've been involved in (参与) social activities.
9．While I'm learning about business, I'm also acting as (扮演着) a cultural messenger building a bridge between us.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] It was the first time that she had left China.
这是她第一次离开中国。
[句式分析] It/This/That is/was/the first/second ...time that ...“这是/那是某人第一/二……次做……”。
[佳句仿写] 莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖，这是中国作家第一次获得如此重要的奖项。
Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature.It was the first time that Chinese writer had won such an important award.
2．[教材原句] I didn't know what to expect ...
我不知道会发生什么……
[句式分析] “疑问词＋不定式”结构。
[佳句仿写] 他很同情她，却又不知说什么。
He felt pity for her, yet he didn't know what to say．
3．[教材原句] The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！
[句式分析] The first time 用作连词，意为“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句。
[佳句仿写] 第一次去杭州，我就被它的美丽深深地打动了。
The first time I went to Hangzhou, I was deeply impressed by its beauty.
4．[教材原句] At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么。但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。
[句式分析] find＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
[佳句仿写] 爱丽丝发觉自己总是在想她上学的日子。
Alice found herself always thinking of her school days.
1．qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
(教材p.14)Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year long exchange programme.
谢蕾在中国一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目。
(1)have qualifications for 有……资格
(2)qualify vt.& vi. (使)具备资格；(使)合格
qualify sb for ... 使某人具备……
(3)qualified adj. 有资格的；合格的
be qualified for 能胜任……
[佳句]
Editor Baker agreed to overlook the qualification requirement and offered Clayton the job.
编辑巴克同意忽略学历要求，让克莱顿做这份工作。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We all believe that he has the right qualification (qualify) for the position.
②In the first place, with a good command of English, I'm quite qualified (qualify) for the job.
[写美] 补全句子
③This training course will qualify you for a better job．
这个培训课程将使你具有获得更好的工作的资格。
2．ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负
(教材p.14)My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation ...
我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业……
(1)ambition to do/of doing ... 做……的抱负
one's ambition is to do ... 某人的目标是……
(2)ambitious adj. 有野心的；有雄心的
be ambitious to do sth 对做某事怀有热切的希望
[佳句]
Keeping everyone free from the virus is our ambition.
让每个人免遭这种病毒侵袭是我们追求的目标。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①She never achieved her ambition to become (become) a famous writer.
②The young lawyer is ambitious (ambition) to succeed in life.
[写美] 补全句子
③When he was young, his burning ambition was to study medicine．
年轻时，他梦寐以求的是学医。
3．adaptation n．适应；改编本
(教材p.14)Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.
虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，有助于她适应异国文化。
(1)make an adaptation to 适应……
(2)adapt vi.& vt. (使)适应；(使)适合
vt. 改编，改写
adapt to 适应……；适合……
adapt oneself to ... 使自己适应……
adapt sth for ... 把某物改编成……
adapt sth from ... 由……改编某物
[佳句]
The book describes the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions.
这本书描绘了沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应。
[练透] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The author is going to adapt his play for television.
②Adapted from J．K.Rowling's book series of the same title, the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
③Having settled in that remote area for a year, the young man finally adapted to the weather.
④We believe that he can make a quick adaptation to the new environment.
→We believe that he can adapt himself to the new environment soon.
4．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸vt.安慰；抚慰
(教材p.14) “When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family，” Xie Lei said.
“有第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰。” 谢蕾说。
(1)be a comfort to sb 对某人来说是个安慰
in comfort 舒适
(2)comfort sb with sth 用某物安慰某人
comfort sb for sth 因某事安慰某人
(3)comfortable adj. 舒适的；舒服的
comfortably adv. 舒适地；舒服地
[佳句]
This is my sweet home, where I can find peace and comfort.
这就是我温馨的家，在这里我可以找到宁静和舒适。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①She was a comfort to her old father.
②This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows.
③His friends came to comfort (comfort) him for his loss.
[写美] 补全句子
④To keep the feet dry and comfortable, this new kind of shoes is equipped with a micro fan.
为了保持脚的干燥和舒适，这种新型鞋配备了一个微型风扇。
[点津] comfort作“舒适，舒服，安慰”讲为不可数名词，作“令人舒服/值得安慰的事”或“令人安慰的人/事”讲是可数名词。
5．participation n．参加；参与
(教材p.15)Xie Lei also found many courses included students' participation in class as part of the final result.
此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。
(1)participate vi. 参加；参与
participate with sb in sth 与某人分担某事；同某人参与某事
participate in 参加；参与
(2)participant n. 参加者；参与者
[辨析] 不一样的“参加”
participate in/take part in the sports meeting/the tournament 参加运动会/锦标赛(参加并起作用)
join the Army/League/Party 参军/入团/入党
attend the meeting/ceremony/wedding 出席会议/出席庆典/参加婚礼
attend school/class/church 上学/上课/去教堂做礼拜
[佳句]
Some of the magic tricks call for audience participation.
一些魔术要求有观众的参与。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Rocket launching is a complicated process which requires participation (participate) of many staff members.
②With the intention of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival, a dragon boat race will be held and the related training will be provided for all the participants (participate).
选词填空(participate in/join/attend)
③To his satisfaction, his son joined the navy in the end.
④Though disabled，he often participates in some social activities in the community.
⑤I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the class on Chinese traditional culture tomorrow afternoon.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑥昨天她没有参加讨论。
She didn't participate in the discussion yesterday.
6．engage vi.参加；参与(活动)vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)
(教材p.15)“Engaging in British culture has helped，” she said.
“融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。”她说。
(1)engage in (使)从事；参与
(2)engaged adj. 忙于；从事于
be engaged in ... 忙于……
[佳句]
It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.
这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Engaging in exploring splendid Chinese culture gives him a chance to act as a cultural messenger.
②Last year, I was engaged (engage) in preparing for the College Entrance Examination.
[写美] 补全句子
③They are engaged in talking with the Irish government.
他们正忙着与爱尔兰政府谈判。
7．involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加
(教材p.15)As well as studying hard, I've been involved in social activities.
努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。
(1)involve doing sth 包括/需要做某事
involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事
(2)involved adj. 参与；有关联；耗费很多时间；关注
be involved with 耗费很多时间在……上；关注……
be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联
[佳句]
The scientist was involved in exploring Mars.
这位科学家参与了探索火星的工作。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①She was deeply involved with the local hospital.
②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending (spend) quite a lot of time with students.
③There are a small number of people involved (involve)，possibly as few as twenty.
④The work of an elephant trainer involves (involve) love and devotion.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤For a long time, Gabriel didn't want to be involved in music at all.
很长时间以来，加布里埃尔根本不想参与音乐方面的工作。
[点津]
1．[句型公式] It is/was the first time (that) ...这是某人第一次……
(教材p.14)It was the first time that she had left China.
这是她第一次离开中国。
(1)It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/...time (that)＋过去完成时表示“这是/那是某人第一/二/……次……”
It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/...time (that)＋现在完成时表示“这是/那是某人第一/二/……次……”
(2)其他与time有关的句型：
It's time for sth 到……的时间了
It's time (for sb) to do sth 到(某人)做某事的时候了
It's (high) time that ...should do/did sth
该是做……的时候了
There was a time when ... 曾经有一段时间……
[佳句]
It was the third time that I had gone to Beijing.
这是我第三次去北京了。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Though it was the first time that I had visited (visit) the small town, I fell in love with it at first sight.
②It's high time that we took/should take (take) immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.
③There was a time when women could not learn medicine and work as a doctor.
[写美] 补全句子
④This is the first time in my life that I have taken part in such a grand celebration．
这是我有生以来第一次参加这样盛大的庆祝活动。
2．[句型公式] 时间名词作连词
(教材p.14)The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！
与the first time有类似用法的词语还有：
each/every time 每次……时
next time 下次……时
the last time 上次……时
[佳句]
I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.
第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
[练透] 补全句子
①I still remember that the first time we met at school, you were reading in the classroom.
我还记得我们第一次在学校见面时，你正在教室里看书。
②I remember you showed me some photos on that themethe last time you visited our school．
我记得你上次来我们学校参观时给我看了一些关于那个主题的照片。
③Every/Each time I see the old man in the park, he is absorbed in reading newspapers.
每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报纸。
[写美] 翻译句子
④我第一次参观颐和园。
It is the first time that I have paid a visit to the Summer Palace./I paid a visit to the Summer Palace for the first time.
[点津] the first time 表示“第一次”，在句中可作宾语、表语，还可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句。for the first time 表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。
PAGE
21Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
Grammar —— 复习名词性从句
1．Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it，too.
2．The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!
3．Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.
4．At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say，but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.
5．What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.
[我的发现]
(1)句1中 she always feels hungry是省略that的宾语从句。
(2)句2中黑体部分的四个引导词引导的皆为宾语从句。
(3)句3中she knew less than other people为宾语从句，作thought的宾语。
(4)句4中第一个what引导的为同位语从句；第二个what引导的为主语从句；that引导的为表语从句。
(5)句5中What引导的为主语从句。
一、主语从句
1．that引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，但不可省略。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，把that引导的主语从句后置，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种：
①It＋be＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句
It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
②It＋be＋名词短语(a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder，good news, no wonder等)＋that从句
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.
难怪他不想去。
③It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought, considered, well known, announced等)＋that从句
It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。
[点津] 在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required ...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should)＋动词原形”。
To master Mandarin，it is suggested that you (should) practice with Chinese people.
为了掌握普通话，建议你和中国人一起练习。
④It＋特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
2．whether与if引导的主语从句
whether与if引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能用whether。若用it作形式主语，则whether与if可互换。Whether they will put off the meeting hasn't been decided.
他们是否推迟会议还没有决定下来。
It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
3．wh 类连接词引导的主语从句
wh 类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等)。
连接代词和连接副词引导主语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。
What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer.
电话是怎样工作的，这个问题并不是每个人都能回答。
Whoever breaks the school windows will be punished.
无论谁打破了学校的窗子，都要受罚。
补全句子/句型转换
①Whether the sports meet will be held is not certain now.
运动会是否会举行现在不能确定。
②How the book will sell depends on its author.
这本书销售如何取决于作者本人。
③Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.
我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
④That she will do well in her exam is certain.
→It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
二、宾语从句
1．that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时在从句中不作任何成分，也没有意义，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略：
(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。
I don't know exactly where he lives，except that it's somewhere out in the wilds.
我不是很清楚他住在哪里，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。
(2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.
他告诉我他不得不离开并且很快就会回来。
(3)it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
①一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
②hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等后面常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
2．whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”。一般情况下if和whether可以互换，在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：
(1)宾语从句中与or not连用时，只能用whether。
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
＝I don't know whether/if the report is true.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体意义，且不可省略。
Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。
Do you know when the meeting will begin
你知道会议什么时候开始吗？
[点津] 在动词suggest, advise, recommend, insist, order, command, request, require等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)＋动词原形”。
The manager requires that everyone (should) go to work on time every day.
经理要求每人每天要按时上班。
单句语法填空
①Is there anything wrong in what I said
②These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer.
③I'm not certain whether/if the train will arrive on time.
④I believe you have done your best and that things will improve.
⑤I recommend (that) we (should) try (try) our best to practice speaking English every day.
三、表语从句
1．连词that/whether/because/why/as if/as though引导的表语从句
(1)在表语从句中，that不作任何成分，也无词义，但是不能省略。
The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.
你犯错误的原因是你对自己缺乏信心。
(2)whether引导表语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是否”，且在表语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
问题是这部电影是否值得看。
(3)because/why引导的表语从句。
That was why I asked for three days' leave.
那就是我请了三天假的原因。
(4)as if/though引导的表语从句，常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面。
It looked as if it was going to rain.
看起来天好像要下雨了。
2．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
(1)连接代词有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(2)连接副词有：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等；连接副词在从句中作状语。
This dictionary is just what I want for my study.
这部字典正是我学习要用到的。
That was where we camped last time.
那就是上次我们野营的地方。
[点津] 在表示“建议”“命令”“要求”的名词suggestion, advice, request, order等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should)＋动词原形”。
My advice is that we (should) make a new plan at once.
我的建议是我们应该马上制定一个新计划。
补全句子
①The question is whether we can finish the work in time．
问题是我们是否能及时完成这项工作。
②You look as if you slept badly．
看你那样子仿佛没睡好觉。
③The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough．
事实依然是我们还是不够先进。
④The fact is that he didn't notice the car until too late．
事实是他注意到汽车时已经太晚了。
⑤My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion this matter instead of setting it aside.
我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。
四、同位语从句
1．同位语从句的概念
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某个名词后面，用来说明前面名词的具体内容。常见的这类名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, promise, order, problem, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, doubt, proposal, advice, possibility等。
His accent at once betrayed the fact that he was a foreigner.
他的口音立刻暴露出他是一个外国人。
The news that he was in trouble made me decide to act at once.
他陷入困境的消息让我决定马上行动。
2．同位语从句的连接词
(1)连接词that, whether
that引导同位语从句时仅仅起连接作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，但是不能省略。whether引导同位语从句时，意为“是否”，仅起连接作用，并不作成分，不可以用if替换。
The news that our team has won the match is true.
我们队获胜的消息是真实的。
There is some doubt whether John will come on time.
有人怀疑约翰是否会准时到来。
(2)连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose
连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose引导同位语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等；其意义分别为“什么”“哪一个”“谁”“谁的”。
I have no idea what he is up to now.
我不知道他现在干什么。
With time going by, the doubt which of the team would win disappears.
随着时间的推移，哪支队伍会赢的疑问消失了。
The problem whom/who he would take the place of was discussed in the meeting over and over again.
在会议上反复讨论了他将代替谁这个问题。
(3)连接副词when, where, why和how
连接副词when, where, why, how引导同位语从句时，在从句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语；其意义分别为“什么时间”“哪里”“为什么”“怎么样”。
They have no idea when I will go back.
他们不知道我什么时候回去。
I have no idea where he has gone.
我不知道他去了哪里。
[点津] 名词suggestion, advice, order, demand, command, request等后的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形。”
The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to make our country stronger is necessary.
每个人都应努力来使我们的国家变得更强的建议是有必要的。
(1)在下列句中填入恰当的连接词
①The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
②—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
—Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
③The only way to succeed is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
(2)将下面两个句子合并为同位语从句
Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet.
The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.
→The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.
1．expectation n．期望；预期；期待；预料
(教材p.17) The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad.
这位顾问谈到在国外学习时要保持合理的期望。
come/live up to /meet one's expectations
不辜负某人的期望
above/below expectations 高于/低于预期
beyond (one's) expectations 出乎(某人的)意料
have high/low expectations of sb
对某人怀有高/不高的期望
contrary to/against (one's) expectations
出乎(某人的)预料
[佳句]
I didn't let my parents down.In other words, I lived up to their expectations.
我没让我的父母失望。换句话说，我没有辜负他们的期望。
[练透] 补全句子
①You should take advantage of this good opportunity, and live/come up to/meet your teachers' expectations．
你应该利用好这个机会，不辜负老师们的期望。
②His father has high expectations of Jackson，so he is strict with him.
杰克逊的父亲对他有很高的期望，所以对他很严格。
[写美] 翻译句子
③天气通常是变化无常的，有时出乎我们的意料。
The weather is often changeable, sometimes beyond our expectations.
2．applicant n．申请人
(教材p.17)Who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm
谁将是律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请人？
(1)apply vi. 申请；适用
vt. 应用；涂；敷；致力于
apply (to ...) for (向……)申请……
apply ...to ... 把……应用于……
apply to 适用于……
apply oneself to 专心于
(2)application n. [C，U]应用；用途；申请(书)
make an application (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物
[佳句]
Helen stood out among so many applicants for her competence.
海伦因她的能力在众多申请者中脱颖而出。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The ten women astronauts were selected from among 1，000 applicants (applicant).
②We have received hundreds of job applications (application) so far.
③He has applied to the top company for a job.
④He applied for the position as a senior administrator of the department, but his application (apply) was not approved.
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤这项新技术已应用于农业。
The new technology has been applied to agriculture.
3．exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露
(教材p.17)Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world.
接触另一种文化和当地人可以让交换生对世界有深刻的了解。
(1)exposure to 接触；暴露于……
(2)expose vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)
expose ...to ... 使……暴露于……；使接触
be exposed to 暴露于；接触
[佳句]
Exposure to the sun at the beach for a long time will burn your skin.
在海滩上暴晒很长时间会灼伤你的皮肤。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The woman scientist later died of injuries related to the exposure (expose) to the harmful substance.
②Don't have your skin exposed (expose) to the strong sunlight.
[写美] 翻译句子
③这种药不能暴露在强光下。
This medicine should not be exposed to the bright light.
PAGE
10Part Ⅰ Talk about Chinese language learning abroad
[听说课前清障]
1．abroad adv. 在国外；到国外
2．interpreter n. 解说者；翻译员
3．cover vt. 盖，覆盖；报道
4．conversational adj. 会话的；谈话的
5．international adj. 国际的
6．grasp vt. 理解；领会；抓紧
7．pronunciation n. 发音
8．expectation n. 期望；预期；期待
9．qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历
10．I wish I were as clever as you in foreign languages.
我希望我在外语方面能像你一样聪明。
11．You just have to be a kind of person who is quick to learn new things and can get used to a new environment fast.
你只需要成为一种能够快速学习新事物并且能够快速适应新环境的人。
12．I think it would be a good chance to make an international friend.
我觉得这是个结交国际朋友的好机会。
13．After the break is the weekly review period, where your teacher will help with any problem you may have.
课间休息后是每周回顾时间，你的老师会帮助你解决你可能遇到的任何问题。
[话题听力提能]
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1、2题。
1．What did the woman work for five years ago
A．The EU. B．The BBC. C．The VOA.
2．Where did the woman grow up
A．In America. B．In Britain. C．In Argentina.
听第2段材料，回答第3至5题。
3．What is the woman doing when the man speaks to her
A．Listening to music.
B．Writing a letter.
C．Seeing a film.
4．What will the woman do before she leaves for France
A．Attend a language class.
B．Read more French novels.
C．Apply for a new programme.
5．What does the woman think is most important for one to study abroad
A．The ability to learn new languages quickly.
B．The ability to learn new things quickly.
C．The mastery of a foreign language.
听第3段材料，回答第6至8题。
6．What is the relationship between the speakers
A．Roommates.
B．Agent and client.
C．Landlord and agent.
7．What happened to the woman in Wimbledon
A．She lived with messy people.
B．She had to share a bathroom.
C．She had many chances to make new friends.
8．What kind of person might interest the man
A．A quiet man.
B．A clean person.
C．An international student.
听第4段材料，回答第9至12题。
9．Where is the speaker
A．In a library.
B．In a laboratory.
C．In a classroom.
10．What is the speaker explaining
A．A weekly timetable.
B．A book review.
C．A study plan.
11．What will the students practise on Wednesday morning
A．Reading and writing.
B．Listening and speaking.
C．Grammar and computer.
12. When is the library open every weekday afternoon
A．From 3：00 to 6：00 pm.
B．From 3：00 to 6：30 pm.
C．From 3：30 to 6：00 pm.
答案：1～5 ACCAB 6～10 AACCA 11～12 BC
听力材料：
(Text 1)
M：Who do you work for at the moment
W：Um, I work for the BBC World Service.I've been with the BBC for five years.Before that, I worked as an interpreter for the EU.
M：As you know, this job is based in Geneva.Have you ever lived abroad before
W：Oh, yes, I have.In fact, I was born in Argentina and I lived there until I was eleven.
M：That's interesting.Have you travelled much
W：Oh, yes.I've been to all over Europe and many parts of South America.
M：Why did you go to these places
W：Well, mostly for pleasure, but three years ago I went back to Argentina to cover various political stories in Buenos Aires for the BBC.
(Text 2)
M：Hey, Lisa, what are you watching
W：A French film.I'm going to spend all next year in France, and I'd better get to know more about its culture.
M：You got accepted into the programme
W：Sure.
M：That's wonderful.You must be excited.
W：Excited and nervous.You know I must work on some basic conversational skills.
M：How much French can you understand
W：Only a little now.But I'll attend a special language class next month.
M：I wish I were as clever as you in foreign languages.I would love to study abroad.
W：Then why don't you The school has a lot of programmes that don't require the mastery of a foreign language.You just have to be a kind of person who is quick to learn new things and can get used to a new environment fast.
M：I thought all programmes required one to know a foreign language.Thank you for letting me know this.
(Text 3)
W：Our landlord seems to be looking for a new roommate for us.Did you know that
M：Really No, I didn't.
W：I love meeting new people all the time, but living under the same roof and meeting new people are different matters.
M：Yes, you're right.So, what kind of person would you like as a roommate
W：Well, first of all, someone who is clean and not so noisy.
M：A clean person What exactly do you mean
W：Well, you know, we're going to share the bathroom and kitchen.When I was living in Wimbledon before, I had such a bad experience with people who couldn't clean up after themselves.What about you
M：Me Well, someone from abroad might be interesting.As you said, living under the same roof and meeting new people are different matters.I think it would be a good chance to make an international friend.
W：That's true.Anyway, I hope our landlord will find a nice person to be our roommate.
(Text 4)
Hello, everyone.Welcome to Language International.
Could you please turn to page five Now, you see that lessons begin here every weekday at nine am.The first class every Monday is grammar practice, followed by a visit to the language laboratory.After a break you have a double lesson of speaking skills.
Tuesday morning begins with a reading skills lesson and after the break, vocabulary development.In the afternoon you'll go to the library, where you can read, watch a video or practise grammar.
On Wednesday morning you have a lesson on listening skills, and then what we call current affairs.You'll listen to the news on the radio and discuss what's going on.After the break it's another double lesson of speaking skills.
Thursday morning begins with pronunciation, then a special “Life in Britain” class.After the break is grammar practise once again.
Finally on Friday morning in the first lesson you will practise writing skills, followed by a lesson in the computer room.After the break is the weekly review period, where your teacher will help with any problem you may have.
Oh, and don't forget you can study on your own in the library every weekday from three thirty to six pm as well, if you wish! Thank you.
[话题表达锤炼]
Scene One
李华和汤姆正在探讨中国学生和英国学生学习英语的不同……
阅读下面的对话，根据语境选择最佳选项填空。
Li Hua：I've always wondered what's the difference between English for Chinese students and English for native students
Tom：I don't know. 1
Li Hua：I think a Chinese student concentrates on written English, and uses it as a basis for communicating.From start to finish he's learning vocabulary and fundamentals of grammar.This is a very difficult way to learn.
Tom： 2
Li Hua：They get higher level English, which is more formal than everyday spoken English. 3
Tom：Do you mean that a native doesn't make any mistakes in grammar
Li Hua： 4 Native speakers make a lot of grammar mistakes, especially if they come from a home where non standard English is spoken.
Tom：I suppose that only a small percentage of college students don't know standard English in British universities.
Li Hua：Actually there are more non native speakers than you think.That's why it's so important to quit worrying about making mistakes. 5
A．Absolutely not!
B．What do you think
C．What do natives get
D．Just talk to everyone every chance you get.
E．They also deal with matters of style and creativity.
答案：1～5 BCEAD
Scene Two
迈克和马修正在谈论世界上的身势语……
阅读下面的对话，根据提示完成对话。
Mike：Matthew, do you know much about body language in countries around the world
Matthew：Sure, 1.I've picked up some knowledge (我了解到一些知识) from travelling around for work.Why
Mike：Well, I had a meeting today with a woman from Japan and she wouldn't stop bowing！2.I didn't know what to do (我不知道该怎么办)!
Matthew：Did you bow back
Mike：No, I tried to shake her hand, but her hand was so limp that I was a bit offended.
Matthew：Well, Japanese businessmen and businesswomen typically bow to greet each other in Japan.She might have been offended by your strong handshake.
Mike：But she was in America！3.Shouldn't she have known that strong handshakes in America is to show confidence and respect (难道她不知道，在美国用力握手表示信任和尊重吗)
Matthew：Things are different in Japan.You know，4.in some countries, making eye contact with others is considered rude (在有些国家，直视对方的眼睛被认为是粗鲁的).
Mike：Is that why she wouldn't look at me in the meeting
Matthew：I think it's highly possible, yes.
Mike：The meeting really didn't go down well at all.I think I need to read up about intercultural communication before I have another meeting with someone from another country.
Matthew：That's a good idea.5.When you don't know much about other cultures (当你对另一种文化缺乏了解的时候), the simplest thing can offend someone.
Mike：That's so true.It's great that we see eye to eye on this.
[听力技巧点拨]
如何解主旨大意题
此类题考查对一个材料主要内容的综合概括能力。材料中没有提到的相关信息通常不会是正确答案。明显提到的信息很可能只是一个细节，而不是主旨大意。解答此类试题时，我们不应该在某些听不太明白的细节上纠结，要抓住关键词语，从总体上把握材料的内容，这样才可以充分理解整篇材料的主旨大意。常见提问方式：
What are the (two) speakers (mainly) talking about
What are the (two) speakers talking about in general
What is the conversation (mainly) about
What are the (two) speakers (mainly) discussing
What do the (two) speakers talk about
[典例] What are the speakers talking about
A．Having a birthday party.
B．Doing some exercise.
C．Getting Lydia a gift.
[听力原文]
W：What are we going to get for Lydia's birthday
M：How about a pair of running shoes
W：You know she hates doing exercise.
M：Then I guess we can buy her a birthday cake.
[分析] 这个对话是考查主旨大意题。根据女士所问：What are we going to get for Lydia's birthday？可知，这是在为 Lydia选择生日礼物，下文围绕选择生日礼物展开，故本题的答案为C。
Part Ⅱ Express your opinions on studying abroad
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠释
[教材原文]
STUDYING ABROAD：
IS IT A GOOD OR A BAD IDEA？
Dear Editor,
In the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad.Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater.
To begin with, many students who study abroad face great economic pressure.That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone.Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg.Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money.
Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure that comes with studying abroad.Students must learn how to live in an unfamiliar environment with limited language skills.Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed.Some students might even encounter problems with personal safety.In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students.
A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! As China has boomed, the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available.They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country.
To sum up, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these many factors.
Kind regards，
Wang Li (mother of twin girls)
Dear Editor，
Is studying abroad a good idea or not There are certainly disadvantages, but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater.As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties for a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard！
The first advantage of studying abroad is personal growth.The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better.For example, you will certainly become more independent because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself.Studying abroad also helps you to gain a global perspective and improve your general competence.
Another advantage is the increased chance for cultural exchange.Chinese students can be seen as cultural envoys promoting friendship between nations.International students in China also bring their colourful cultures here.Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture.
Finally, studying abroad provides a great opportunity to contribute to the development of our motherland.China's global outlook, with projects such as the Belt and Road Initiative, has helped us make connections across the world.Therefore, China needs more talented young people with a global perspective who are highly competent with languages, have leadership and organisational skills, and have strong cultural awareness.Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these in turn will provide them with better career opportunities.
All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and increase people's understanding of cultural diversity while strengthening China and building a shared future for all.I think this life changing experience is certainly worthwhile, and I hope my child will study abroad in the future.
Sincerely yours，
Zhang Yi(father of one boy)
[名师论道]
[学语言]
第一封信：文章用although引导的让步状语从句Although studying abroad can bring great benefits, I think the disadvantages for young people are greater.开门见山。
下文三段分别用To begin with ...；Another important factor to consider is ...；A final point to consider is that ...引出三个弊端。
最后用To sum up ...进行总结。
第二封信：首句用Is studying abroad a good idea or not？引出话题，紧接着在第二句话中用but引出作者真正想表达的意思。There are certainly disadvantages, but in my opinion, the advantages are much greater.
下文通过三段分别用The first advantage ...; Another advantage ...; Finally, studying abroad ...引出三个出国留学的好处。
最后用All in all ...进行总结。
[学结构]
话题：海外留学：这是个好主意还是坏主意？
第一封信：开门见山指出尽管留学大有裨益但留学对年轻人来说是弊大于利。
然后文章用三段阐述了出国留学的弊端：
首先，许多留学生面临着巨大的经济压力，这意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能；
另外一个重要因素是：留学所带来的巨大压力；
最后要考虑的一点是：尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！
最后总结：综上所述，我们无法否认的事实是：留学有其弊端。因此当你想要海外求学时，应当考虑上述诸多因素。
第二封信：开门见山指出留学当然有其弊端，但作者认为利大于弊。
然后文章通过三段阐述了出国留学的利处：
留学的第一个好处就是：个人成长。
留学的另一个好处是：获得更多文化交流的机会。
最后：留学是为祖国的发展作出贡献的好机会。
最后总结：总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造人格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，为大家打造一个共同的未来。
佳句背诵
1.I'm writing to tell you about my opinion on Chinese students going abroad for further studies at an early age.
我写信是想告诉你我对中国学生留学低龄化的看法。
2.It's universally acknowledged that computers are commonly used nowadays.
现在人们普遍使用电脑，这是公认的。
3.Some people believe that students should be given one long vacation each year.Others believe that students should have several short vacations throughout the year.
有些人认为学生每年应该有一个长假，另外有些人认为学生应该有几个短假。
4.Some effective measures should be taken to ensure that computers are used in right ways.
应该采取一些有效的措施来确保电脑的正确使用。
5.Only in this way can we improve our English.
只有这样，我们才能提高英语水平。
6.And this has aroused a hot debate recently.
最近这引起了热议。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Jackson最近在考虑是否要出国留学，他来信征求你的意见。请你就此用英语给他写一封电子邮件，阐述你的观点，并给出理由(不少于三个)。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jackson，
Yours，
Li Hua
[仿写步骤]
Step 1 一仿结构布局合理
第一段：开门见山——引出话题；
第二段：给出赞成的理由；
第三段：结尾——总结自己的观点。
Step 2 二仿语言规范美观
1．开头：亮出观点。
坦率地说，我认为出国留学很有意义。
Frankly, I hold the view that it makes good sense to study abroad．
2．根据下面提示给出理由。
(1)出国留学时，我们会接触到一个外语环境，学习过程变得有趣且有效。(用exposure作主语)
Exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process interesting and effective.
(2)沐浴在异国文化中，我们可以对世界有深刻的了解。
Bathed in a different culture of a foreign country，we can gain great insights into the world.
(3)出国留学让我们走出舒适区，让我们变得更好，这在我看来是最重要的。(定语从句)
Studying abroad takes us out of our comfort zone and changes us for the better, which is the most important from my view．
Step 3 三仿句间过渡自然
1．在句(1)前添加连接词to begin with。
To begin with, exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process interesting and effective.
2．在句(1)和句(2)间添加表示递进的副词moreover。
To begin with, exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process interesting and effective.Moreover, bathed in a different culture of a foreign country, we can gain great insights into the world.
Step 4 誊写
Dear Jackson，
I'm more than delighted to share my opinion, which I hope will be of some help to you.Frankly, I hold the view that it makes good sense to study abroad.The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, exposure to a foreign language setting while we are studying abroad makes learning process interesting and effective.Moreover, bathed in a different culture of a foreign country, we can gain great insights into the world.Finally, studying abroad takes us out of our comfort zone and changes us for the better, which is the most important from my view.
All things considered, I hope you can choose to study abroad and start a new life.
Yours，
Li Hua
[自我评价]
Evaluation A B C D
1.(final copy) Be well organised.
2.(every sentence) Have correct tense and voice.
3.(final copy) Use what we have learned in the reading beautifully.
4.(writing) Be neat and beautiful.
5.(passage) Use proper conjunctions (连接词).
6.(passage) Use transitional sentences (过渡句).
7.(spelling, punctuation and capitalization) Be correct.
8.(final copy) Be worthy of being shared.
1．grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧
(教材p.19)Well, I suppose it was difficult to grasp the tones at first.
好吧，我想一开始很难掌握语调。
grasp sb by the arm/hand 抓住某人的胳膊/手
grasp n. 紧抓；控制；理解；能力所及
one's grasp
[佳句]
Apparently, we did not fully grasp the importance of what had happened.
很显然，我们没有完全明白所发生之事的重要性。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Peter grasped his nephew by the arm and led him away.
②—Have you succeeded in applying for the job
—Well, everything is within my grasp.
[写美] 补全句子
③The tutor's ideas are too difficult, which is beyond my grasp．
导师的想法太难，超出了我的理解范围。
2．expense n．费用；花费；开销
(教材p.20)Tuition fees and living expenses are much more expensive than at home and could end up costing most families an arm and a leg.
学费和生活开销比国内昂贵得多，大部分家庭最终可能要花费一大笔钱。
(1)at one's expense 由某人付钱
at the expense of 在牺牲……的情况下
spare no expense (in doing sth/to do sth)
不惜费用(做某事)
at any expense 不惜一切代价
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的
[佳句]
Conference rooms were equipped at great expense.
装备会议室花费巨大。
[练透] 补全句子
①We went on holiday at my father's expense．
我们去度假了，一切费用由我父亲支付。
②He finished the job at the expense of his health．
他以健康为代价完成了这项工作。
[写美] 翻译句子
③我们应该不惜一切代价完成这一目标。
We should accomplish the goal at any expense.
3．behave vt.表现vi.& vt.表现得体；有礼貌
(教材p.20)Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.
在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些学生可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。
(1)behave well/badly 表现得好/不好
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
(2)well behaved adj. 表现好的
badly behaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behaviour n．[U] 举止；行为；习性
[佳句]
They behaved badly to/towards me at the party, which made me very angry.
在晚会上他们对我很不礼貌，这使我很生气。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It's bad behaviour (behave) for a man to smoke in public places where smoking isn't allowed.
②Mum disliked it when I behaved badly (bad) in front of the guests.
[写美] 补全句子
③You'd better behave yourself, otherwise you will be made fun of.
你最好规矩点，否则你会被取笑的。
4．surroundings n．[pl.]环境；周围的事物
(1)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
(2)surround vt. 围绕；包围
surround ...with/by ... 以……包围……
be surrounded with/by ... 被……包围
[佳句]
They lived in beautiful surroundings.
他们生活在优美的环境中。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with/by creative people.
②Standing in the watchtower, we admired the surrounding (surround) scenes.
③She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar surroundings (surround) with strange people.
[写美] 补全句子
④Surrounded with/by the forest, the village looks very beautiful.
这个村庄被森林包围着，看起来很美丽。
[点津] surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围的具体的物质环境；而environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。
5．depressed adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的
(教材p.20)Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges by themselves and may become depressed.
另一些学生则还不够成熟，无法独自应对各种挑战，因而感到沮丧。
[佳句]
Hunger and cold can make people feel depressed and lose confidence.
饥饿和寒冷会让人感到沮丧，失去信心。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Hearing the depressing news，he felt very depressed．(depress)
②He went into a deep depression (depress) after he failed to build up his business.
[写美] 补全句子
③He was not satisfied with the summer camp because the whole experience was depressing．
他对夏令营不满意，因为整个经历令人沮丧。
6．strengthen vi.& vt.加强；增强；巩固
(教材p.20)They have great facilities and outstanding professors, helping to educate young people who will contribute to the economy and further strengthen our country.
那里有一流的设施和杰出的教授，这助力培养为经济作贡献、进一步增强我国实力的年轻人。
(1)strength n. 力气；力量；强项
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
(2)strong adj. 强壮的；结实的
[佳句]
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.
一种观点是睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①As we all know，bad habits have a bad effect on our mental and physical health，so we must get rid of them and strengthen (strength) our body.
②He is too tired.He hasn't got enough strength (strong) to remove that stone.
③These new machines will also improve the quality of snow surfaces and lengthen (length) the season for skiing.
④River control is achieved in many ways, including widening (wide), deepening (deep), and constructing dams.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤It's important to know your own strengths and weaknesses．
了解自己的优缺点很重要。
[点津]
7．deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝
(教材p.20)To sum up, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these many factors.
总之，出国留学有不利的一面，这个事实是不可否认的，因此当你想要海外求学时，应该考虑上述诸多因素。
deny doing sth 否认做了某事
deny that ... 否认……
There is no denying (the fact) that ... 不可否认……
deny sb sth ＝ deny sth to sb 拒绝给予某人某物
[佳句]
There's no denying (the fact) that quicker action could have saved them.
无可否认，如果行动快一点，本来是救得了他们的。
[练透] 补全句子
①I never deny that you are a good actor．
我从不否认你是个好演员。
②He denied knowing anything about their plans.
他否认知悉他们的计划。
③A good education should be denied to no one．
任何人都不能被剥夺接受良好教育的权利。
[写美] 翻译句子
④不可否认保护环境非常重要。
There is no denying (the fact) that protecting the environment is of great importance.
8．gain vt.获得；赢得；取得；增加n.好处；增加
(教材p.20)The education you gain and the experiences you have will change you for the better.
你获得的教育和拥有的经历将有助于你提升自我。
gain from ... 从……中获益
gain time 赢得时间
gain weight (＝put on weight) 体重增加
gain strength/confidence/experience
增加力气/信心/经验
[佳句]
No pains, no gains.
不劳无获。
[练透] 补全句子
①Who can gain from this decision
谁会从这一决定中受益呢？
②Some people do gain weight after they stop smoking.
有些人戒烟后的确体重增加了。
③Students can gain valuable experience by working on the campus radio or magazine.
学生们通过在校园广播台或校刊工作能够获得宝贵的经验。
[写美] 翻译句子
④获得信心的最好办法就是一次又一次的不断尝试。
The best way to gain confidence is to try again and again.
9．(教材p.21)as far as I know据我所知
as far as I am concerned 就我而言；依我看来
as far as I can see 依我看
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
[佳句]
As far as I know，compared with other countries, Chinese students spend much more time studying.
据我所知，与其他国家相比较，中国学生花费更多的时间来学习。
[练透] 补全句子
①As far as I know, the city is three times as large as that one.
据我所知，这个城市是那个城市的三倍大。
②As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than health in our daily life.
就我个人而言，在我们日常生活中身体健康最重要。
③As far as I can judge, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.
据我判断，电影市场在不久的将来会经历低迷期。
[写美] 翻译句子
④依我看，你没有做错任何事。
As far as I can see, you've done nothing wrong.
10．(教材p.21)in summary总的来说；总之
in a word 总的来说；总之
in short 总的来说；总之
in brief 简言之；总之
to sum up 总的来说；总之
[佳句]
In summary，this was a disappointing performance.
总的来说，这场演出令人失望。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①So to sum up, all phones have weak spots.
②In a word, bicycles play an important role in daily life.
[写美] 补全句子
③In brief, this article covers the following performance related improvements.
简言之，本文介绍了下列这些与性能相关的改进。
1．[句型公式] 部分否定
(教材p.20)That means studying abroad is just not possible for everyone.
这意味着并非每个人都有留学的可能。
含“全部，所有，任何”等意义的词，如：all, both, everything, always, everyone等与not连用时，不管not出现在之前还是之后，皆表示整体中的一部分被否定。
[佳句]
The truth is that not everyone is attaching great importance to time management.
＝The truth is that everyone isn't attaching great importance to time management.
事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。
[练透] 句型转换
①Everyone isn't fond of cycling to work.
→Not everyone is fond of cycling to work.
②Not all people can understand what you say.
→All people can not understand what you say.
③Every boy is not interested in sports.
→Not every boy is interested in sports.
[写美] 一句多译
据我所知，他们俩不都抽烟。
④As far as I know, not both of them smoke.
⑤As far as I know, both of them don't smoke.
[点津] 全部否定用法：
英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表示否定意义的词(语)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
2．[句型公式] 动名词短语作主语
(教材p.20)Studying in China is much more convenient and can help save money.
在中国读书要方便得多，还能省钱。
动名词(短语)作主语
(1)意义：动名词(短语)作主语多表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态。
(2)形式：主动形式doing；被动形式being done；否定式not doing/not being done。
(3)谓语动词的数：动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；两个或两个以上的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
[佳句]
Being acknowledged makes him happy.
被认可让他很高兴。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①In conclusion, being (be) self disciplined not only helps us improve ourselves, but contributes to building up a harmonious and civilized society.
②Worse still, being addicted to smartphones also leads (lead) to teenagers' poor performance at school, thus causing elders' worries.
[写美] 补全句子
③Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.
有时，放弃一点可能意味着会得到更多。
3．[句型公式] with复合结构
(教材p.20)As China has boomed, the educational environment has improved significantly, with many great universities now available.
随着中国的蓬勃发展，教育环境已大为改观，优质大学比比皆是。
with＋宾语＋
[佳句]
With many unexpected problems emerging, he was like a cat on hot bricks.
由于出现了许多意想不到的问题，他像一只热锅上的蚂蚁。
[练透] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①With a lot of difficult problems to settle (settle), the new manager works far into the night every day.
②With his mother helping (help) him, he is getting along well with his work.
③With the key lost (lose), he had to wait for his mother outside the door.
④With the beautiful moon up in the sky, we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits, sharing our stories.
美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，一起分享我们的故事。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤有那么多作业要做，他没有时间去购物。
With so much homework to do, he won't have time to go shopping.
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