Reading and Thinking
Canada is one of the few nations in the world to have two official languages：English and French.There are 10 provinces in the country but only one of these — Quebec is known as “French Canada”．This is because it was founded by French explorers while British adventurers discovered the rest.
Most people speak English as their first language and the two national television networks broadcast in English throughout the country.Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast, French television is very rare.
The same goes for traffic signs and menus.For example, there are only a few places outside of Quebec where you'll see traffic signs in French.In restaurants, it's almost impossible to find French on the menu unless you are in the heartland of French Canada.However, all products sold in Canada must, by law, have labels (标签) and instructions in both languages.
In Canada's English speaking provinces，official bilingualism (双语) means that students can choose to complete a special French language course.Under this program，they are taught most of their subjects in French.
[理解] (True or False)
1．The passage mainly introduces Canada as a country with two official languages：English and French.(T)
2．It's common to find French on TV and everywhere in daily life in Canada.(F)
3．Canadian children are free to take French courses mostly taught in English at school.(F)
[积累]
1．official language 官方语言
2．found vt. 建立
3．rare adj. 稀少的
4．traffic sign 交通标志
5．instruction n. 说明
Section ⅠReading and Thinking
①THE TRUE NORTH
有两个含义：一是它的本义“真正的北方”，即加拿大是地球上最北端的国家之一；二是指横贯加拿大东西部的“真北方”号列车。
②on the Atlantic coast在大西洋海岸上
③rather than 而不是
④airline n. 航空公司
⑤be typical of 是典型的……；是……的特点
⑥bay n．(海或湖的)湾
⑦ antique n．古物；古董
adj.古老的；古董的
⑧look out over俯视
⑨pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的
arise vi.(arose, arisen)起身；出现；由……引起
massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的
literally adv.字面上；真正地
breath n．呼吸的空气
take sb's breath away令人惊叹
exceptional adj.异常的；特别的
bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会
awesome adj.令人惊叹的；可怕的；很好的
spectacular adj.壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的
n.壮丽的场面；精彩的表演
peak n．顶峰；山峰；尖形
highlight n．最好或最精彩的部分
vt.突出；强调；使醒目
goat n．山羊
drill vi.& vt.钻(孔)；打(眼)
n．钻(头)；训练；演习
freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的
freezing cold极冷的；冻僵的
anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望
bunch n．束；串；捆
a bunch of 一束；一串；一群；大量
thunder vi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动
n．雷声；轰隆声
frost n．霜；严寒天气；霜冻
vt.使蒙上霜
vi.结霜
curtain n．窗帘
border n．国界；边界(地区)
all in all总而言之；总的来说
duration n．持续时间；期间
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH① VIA RAIL：
VANCOUVER AND THE HEART OF CANADA
Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in Halifax on the Atlantic coast②.Rather than③ travel by commercial airline④ all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.For both of them, the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting.
Before starting out, they spent a couple of days in Vancouver，seeing the sights[1]. During their first day, as is typical of⑤ Vancouver[2], it rained.Despite the weather, they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay⑥， and later visit an island that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques⑦[3].The next day was clear and mild, and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over⑧ the city.Later, they took a pleasant⑨ hike in a forest just a short distance away.
[1] seeing the sights为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[2] as is typical of Vancouver为as引导的非限制性定语从句。
[3] that had wonderful shops selling crafts and antiques 为that引导的定语从句，从句中selling crafts and antiques作定语修饰shops。
The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies [4].Seen from the train window [5], the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper.Looking at the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken[6]. In addition to seeing spectacular mountain peaks and forests, one highlight of their trip was being able to see many different creatures, including deer, mountain goats， and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
From Jasper, they caught the train towards Toronto.One of the train's first stops was in Edmonton, the provincial capital of Alberta, the centre of Canada's huge oil and gas drilling industry.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging －10℃[7]. Since it can be too cold to go outdoors, Edmonton is home to many shopping malls.In fact, one of the largest shopping malls in North America is in Edmonton.
[4]passing through the Canadian Rockies为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[5]Seen from the train window为过去分词短语作时间状语。
[6]they had ever taken是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
[7]with daily temperatures averaging －10℃是with复合结构。
From Edmonton, the train headed southeast across the great Canadian Prairie.At school, Daiyu and Liu Qian had learnt that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty seven million.However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed.They went through two wheat growing provinces, where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area.
After another day on the train, eventually they were back in an urban area, the city of Winnipeg.From there, they travelled through the night, and woke up in Ontario — a land of forests and lakes.The train thundered on, through the rolling hills.The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold, and orange, and there was frost on the ground, confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada [8]. Night came again, and the train turned south towards Toronto.When they woke up the next morning and pulled back the curtain, they could see the wide stretch of Lake Huron — one of the four Great Lakes on Ontario's southern border.It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto.[9]All in all， their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.
[8]confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada是现在分词短语作结果状语，同时that引导宾语从句，作confirming的宾语。
[9]It was not until ...that ...为not ...until的强调句型。
坐火车看“真北方”：温哥华与加拿大腹地
李黛予和表妹刘倩前往加拿大探望居住在大西洋海岸哈利法克斯市的表兄妹。她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。一想到可以坐火车横穿整个国家，姐妹俩就激动不已。
出发前，她们在温哥华待了两天，欣赏当地风光。第一天，温哥华一如往常细雨蒙蒙。尽管天气不佳，她们仍然泛舟驶入海湾，接着游览了一座岛屿。岛上有精致的店铺，出售手工艺品和古董。第二天，天气晴朗，温度适宜，她们看到壮美的群山俯瞰着整座城市，甚是欣喜。随后，她们在不远处的森林中徒步旅行，十分惬意。
次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落基山脉。从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖。那里湛蓝的湖水美丽异常，摄人心魄。住了一夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直达贾斯珀。望着眼前的美景，两人一致认为这是她们所经历过的最棒的一次旅行。除了欣赏壮丽的山峰和森林，旅程的亮点之一是能看到种类繁多的动物，如鹿、山羊、甚至还有一只灰熊和一只老鹰。
在贾斯珀，她们坐上了开往多伦多的火车。火车的头几站中有一站是埃德蒙顿，这是阿尔伯塔的省会，也是加拿大庞大的油气开采业中心。埃德蒙顿的冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。由于天寒地冻，不适合户外活动，因此埃德蒙顿拥有众多大型购物中心。事实上，北美最大的购物中心之一就在埃德蒙顿。
火车从埃德蒙顿出发，向东南方行驶，一路穿越加拿大大草原。黛予和刘倩在学校学过，加拿大的人口才刚过3，700万。然而，两人还是未曾料想能看到如此辽阔的国度，真是惊叹不已。她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，看到一片片广阔的农场。
她们在火车上又度过了一天，最终回到了都市区域——温尼伯市。从该市出发，她们连夜前行，从梦乡中醒来时，火车已抵达森林和湖泊密布的安大略省。火车继续轰隆隆地向前行驶，穿过绵延的群山。窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、金色和橘黄色，地面盖着一层霜，表明加拿大已进入秋季。夜幕再次降临，火车转向南行，开往多伦多。次日清晨，她们醒来，拉开车窗窗帘，辽阔的休伦湖映入眼帘。休伦湖是安大略省南部边境的四大湖之一。上午9点半，她们终于抵达安大略省的省会多伦多。从温哥华到多伦多，她们的旅行总共历时四天。
Step One：Pre reading
What do you know about Canada
1．What's the capital of Canada
A．Vancouver. B．Toronto.
C．Calgary. D．Ottawa.
2．What's the Canadian leader called
A．President. B．Prime Minister.
C．Governor. D．King.
3．What's the national flower of Canada
A．Rose. B．Lily.
C．Maple leaf. D．Cherry blossom.
4．What's the national animal of Canada
A．Beaver. B．Grizzly bear.
C．Polar bear. D．Penguin.
答案：1～4 ACCA
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1．Read the passage quickly and write down the main idea of the whole passage.
This passage mainly tells what Li Daiyu and Liu Qian saw and did during their trip across Canada by train.
2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．On the way to Ontario.
Para.2 B．Introduction of Edmonton.
Para.3 C．Their visit to Lake Louise and Jasper.
Para.4 D．Journey across the great Canadian Prairie.
Para.5 E．Their stay in Vancouver before the
journey.
Para.6 F．The excitement of crossing Canada by rail.
答案：Paras.1～6 FECBDA
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What is the weather usually like in Vancouver
A．It is clear. B．It is mild.
C．It is rainy. D．It is snowy.
2．What did Li Daiyu and Liu Qian like most about the trip
A．Seeing the blue water of Lake Louise.
B．Seeing the mountain peaks and forests.
C．Enjoying the beautiful scenery in Jasper.
D．Witnessing many different kinds of wildlife.
3．What is Edmonton most famous for
A．Its cold temperature.
B．Its shopping malls.
C．Its great prairie.
D．Its large population.
4．What surprised Li Daiyu and Liu Qian on the train across the great Canadian Prairie
A．The size of Canada.
B．The farms in Canada.
C．The population of Canada.
D．The maple trees in Canada.
5．The sentence “However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed.” tells us that ．
A．Canada has few rescources
B．most Canadians prefer to live abroad
C．farms in Canada are extremely large in size
D．Canada has a small population for its large size
答案：1～5 CDBAD
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Step Three：Post reading
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian went to Canada to visit their cousins in Halifax 1.on the Atlantic coast.They decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.And the thought of crossing the whole country by rail made them 2.excited (excite).
Before setting off, they visited the sights in Vancouver.Though it was 3.rainy (rain)，they were able to take a boat ride out into the bay.The next day, they took a pleasant hike in a forest just a short 4.distance (distant) away.The next morning, they took the train to Lake Louise and after 5.getting (get) off, a taxi took them to Lake Louise 6.where they were struck by the beauty of the blue water.Then they went to Jasper, 7.enjoying (enjoy) the beautiful scenery as well as many different creatures.There, they took the train to Toronto.One of the train's first stops was in Edmonton, which has one of the 8.largest (large) shopping malls in North America.From Edmonton, the train 9.headed (head) southeast across the great Canadian Prairie.They were amazed to see such 10.an open country.All in all, it took them four days to get to the capital of Ontario, Toronto.
Ⅱ.讨论
1．Would you like to take such a rail trip in another country Why or why not (Answers may vary.)
It depends on which country I'm visiting.Countries like Canada with a vast land, rich culture and great sceneries are perfect for days' rail trip.
2．If you were going to Canada, which city would you prefer to visit Why (Answers may vary.)
I'd like to visit Montreal, not only because of its beautiful tourist sites such as the great Niagara Falls, but also its unique French culture mixed with English culture, which is fascinating.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1．They went through two wheat growing provinces，where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area.
[句式分析] 本句是复合句， They went through two wheat growing provinces是主句， where they saw a bunch of farms that covered a very large area是where引
导的定语从句，修饰先行词provinces。 在where引导的定语从句中， 又包含that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词farms。
[自主翻译] 她们穿越两个种植小麦的省份，看到一片片广阔的农场。
2．The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red，gold，and orange，and there was frost on the ground，confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada.
[句式分析] 本句confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada部分为现在分词短语作结果状语， 表示自然而然的结果。同时that引导宾语从句，作confirming的宾语。
[自主翻译] 窗外的灌木丛和枫树林呈红色、金色和橘黄色，地面盖着一层霜，表明加拿大已进入秋季。
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．commercial airline 商务航班
2．a boat ride out into the bay 乘船进入海湾
3．take a pleasant hike 进行愉快的远足
4．arise early 早起
5．look massive 看起来巨大
6．one highlight of the trip 旅途中的一大亮点
7．the oil and gas drilling industry 石油天然气钻探业
8．the train thunders 火车轰隆隆
9．The street was deserted except for a cat lifting its paws off the frosty (frost) stones.
10．I froze (freeze) with terror as the bear came closer.
11．I was a little breathless (breath) and my heartbeat was pounding wildly.
12．Meeting the superstar literally (literal) is like something in a dream.
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
1．mass n．大量，众多＋ ive→ massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的
例如： effect n．影响；效果→effective adj.有效的 addict n．瘾君子；对……入迷的人→addictive adj.上瘾的
2．breath n．呼吸的空气；一口气＋ less→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
例如：use n．有用→useless adj.无用的 care n．忧心，忧虑→careless adj.粗心大意的 hope n．希望→hopeless adj.无望的 home n．家→homeless adj.无家可归的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．I prefer to stay at home during the National Holiday rather than (而不是) travel with thousands of people.
2．With his car breaking down in the middle of the road, he had to walk all the way (一路上) home.
3．After climbing the mountain, standing on the top of it, we felt that the view took our breath away (令我们惊叹).
4．In addition to (除……之外) saving money, cheese brine is also a more eco friendly option.
5．Amazon rainforest is home to (是……的所在地) a large variety of wildlife.
6．My mother beamed with pleasure on seeing a bunch of (一束) roses on the table.
7．After going through (经历) ups and downs in life together, we felt more connected.
8．We were greeted with awesome mountain view when we pulled back (拉开) the curtain.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.
她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。
[句式分析] 句中rather than连接两个并列动词不定式短语，意为“而不是；宁可……也不愿”。
[佳句仿写] 我宁愿做家务也不愿坐在那里无所事事。
Rather than sit there doing nothing, I prefer to do housework.
2．[教材原句] Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
从车窗往外望去，加拿大巍峨的山脉和辽阔的森林尽收眼底。
[句式分析] 句中过去分词短语Seen from the train window作时间状语。
[佳句仿写] 这些书一个多星期以前就下订单了，现在预计随时会到。
Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
3．[教材原句] Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging －10℃.
埃德蒙顿的冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。
[句式分析] 句中with daily temperatures averaging －10℃为with复合结构，在句中作状语。
[佳句仿写] 这个人躺在草地上一动不动， 一条蓝丝带在微风中飘扬。
The man lay still on the grass，with a blue ribbon swinging in the breeze.
4．[教材原句] It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario，Toronto.
上午9点半，她们终于抵达安大略省的省会多伦多。
[句式分析] 句中it was not until ...that ...为not until的强调句型。
[佳句仿写] 直到我出国，我才终于意识到自己多么热爱祖国和家人。
It was not until I went abroad that I finally realized how much I loved my homeland and family.
1．arise vi.(arose，arisen) 起身；出现；由……引起
(教材p.38)The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies.
次日清晨，两个女孩早早起床，登上开往路易斯湖的火车，穿越加拿大落基山脉。
(1)arise from/out of＝result from由……引起；由……产生
arise from ... 从……上站起来，起身
(2)arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词，如：argument/problem/quarrel/question/movement等。
[佳句]
I arose at dawn and set off without being noticed by others.
我黎明起床后就出发了，其他人没有注意。
[练透] 一词多义(写出加黑单词的词性和含义)
①Hearing the heavy footsteps approaching，Sam arose from his chair immediately. vi.起身
②We are determined to conquer any problem that will arise in the future. vi.出现
③Most accidents arise from carelessness. vi.由……引起
[写美] 补全句子
④At break, our teacher got down to deal with the matter arising from his class．
休息时，我们的班主任开始处理课上出现的问题。
[辨析] arise, rise, raise
2．breath n．呼吸的空气
(教材p.38)When the train arrived at the station，they took a taxi to Lake Louise，where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.
火车到站后，她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水美丽异常，摄人心魄。
(1)take sb's breath away 1 令人惊叹
hold sb's breath 屏息；屏气
take/have a deep breath 深吸一口气
lose sb's breath 喘不过气来
(be) out of breath 喘不过气来；上气不接下气
(2)breathe v. 呼吸；使喘息
[佳句]
Life is not the amount of breaths you take，it's the moments that take your breath away.
生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。
[练透] 补全句子
①It's amazing that he can hold his breath under the water for five minutes.
令人惊奇的是，他能在水下屏住呼吸5分钟。
②To make the movement easier, I tried to take/have a deep breath of fresh air.
为了活动起来更容易，我尽力深吸一口新鲜空气。
③Tired and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain.
我们到达山顶，累得喘不过气来。
[写美] 一句多译
如果你跑得太快，你会喘不过气来。
④If you run too fast, you will lose your breath．
⑤If you run too fast, you will feel out of breath．
3．bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会
(教材p.38)They spent the night，and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper.
住了一夜之后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿过加拿大落基山脉，直达贾斯珀。
be bound to do sth 一定会做某事
be bound for ＋地点 开往某地；准备前往某地
be bound up with sth 与某事有密切关系
be bound up in sth 忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事
[佳句]
This train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing.
这列火车一定是从上海开往南京的。
[练透] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①Several hours later, they finally managed to board a plane bound for China.
②You've made outstanding contributions to the company, so I'm sure you are bound to get (get) promoted this year.
③He is bound up in his work which is bound up with the welfare of the community.
他正忙于一项与社区福利事业有密切联系的工作。
[写美] 补全句子
④So long as we hold our dreams and never give up, we are bound to achieve success．
只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。
4．freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的
(教材p.38)Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging －10℃.
埃德蒙顿的冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。
(1)freezing cold 极冷的；冻僵的
(2)freeze vi.& vt.(froze, frozen) 结冰，(使)冻结
(3)frozen adj. 冷冻的，冻硬的
[佳句]
Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.
更严峻的困难包括冰冻天气和暴风雨。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The low temperature froze (freeze) my flowers last week.
②Frozen (freeze) food is convenient to cook so it's popular in supermarket.
③She got used to the freezing (freeze) cold climate in Alaska.
[写美] 补全句子
④It's so cold that the rivers and the lakes have frozen．
天气冷得河和湖都封冰了。
[点津] cool 指感觉凉爽或凉快，气温稍冷
cold 指令人感觉不舒服的冷，温度低
chilly 指使人哆嗦的冷，阴冷
icy 多指风暴/风雪和水等使人感到刺骨的冷
freezing 在冰点以下，指使人僵直或使东西凝固的冷
5．anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望
(教材p.39)However, they did not anticipate seeing such an open country, and were truly amazed.
然而，两人还是未曾料想能看到如此辽阔的国度，真是惊叹不已。
(1)anticipate doing .../that从句
期望或预料做某事
it is (widely) anticipated that ... 人们(普遍)预料……
as anticipated 不出所料，正如预期
(2)anticipation n. 预期，预料；期盼
in anticipation of sth 期盼某事
[佳句]
The schedule hasn't been decided, but we don't anticipate many changes.
日程还没有最后定下来，但是我们预料不会有许多变化。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We anticipate seeing (see) you again soon.
②It is widely anticipated (anticipate)that she will resign.
③He bought extra food in anticipation (anticipate) of more people coming than he'd invited.
[写美] 一句多译
人们预料这项研究将有许多不同的实际应用。
④People anticipate that the research will have many different practical applications.
⑤It is anticipated that the research will have many different practical applications.
1．[句型公式] rather than 与其；不愿； 而不是(连接两个并列成分)
(教材p.38)Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.
她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。
or rather 更确切地说,
other than 除……之外（常用于否定句中）
more than 超过；多于
[佳句]
One night after dinner, they went for a walk and it began to rain.Rather than come inside, they splashed around for hours.
有一天晚饭后他们去散步，天开始下雨。他们没有进来，而是踩着水花走了几个小时。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He was occupied with handling the crisis rather than enjoying (enjoy) his holiday.
②I think Tom, rather than you, is (be) to blame for the accident.
③I decided to write an apology letter rather than(to) leave (leave) a voice message.
[写美] 一句多译
我宁可在家里待一整月也不要现在出国旅游。
④I prefer to stay at home for a whole month rather than travel abroad now.
⑤I would stay at home for a whole month rather than travel abroad now.
[点津] (1)rather than连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的形式与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。
2．[句型公式] with 复合结构
(教材p.38)Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging －10℃.
埃德蒙顿的冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。
with 复合结构在句中常作状语，表示伴随、原因、方式、条件等。其结构如下：
with＋宾语＋
[佳句]
With a lot of people opposing the new proposal, the association postponed it.
由于许多人反对这项新提案， 协会把它推迟了。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①In the afternoon, with nothing to do (do), I went to the bookstore.
②With a gust of wind sweeping (sweep) the bed off the roof, Tom got so scared.
③With the mystery unsolved (unsolve), the detective fails to sleep every night.
[写美] 句式升级
④They sit in small circles in the square, and carry their babies on their backs.(用with复合结构改写)
→They sit in small circles in the square with their babies on their backs．
[点津] with复合结构中， 可以去掉with，剩下的结构即为独立主格结构。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
＝The murderer was brought in, his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带了进来，双手被绑在后面。
3．[句型公式] “not ... until ...” 结构的强调句型
(教材p.39)It was not until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario，Toronto.
上午9点半，她们终于抵达安大略省的省会多伦多。
句中it was ... that ...为强调句型，此处强调的是时间状语not until 9：30 a．m.。
(1)not ... until ...结构意为 “直到……才……”。
(2)“It be not until ... that ...”为not ...until的强调句型。
(3)把not until放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装语序，从句不倒装。
[佳句]
It was not until then that he realized the importance of the problem.
直到那时他才意识到这个问题的严重性。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He didn't know what happened until he saw the report.
②It was not until midnight that the noise on the street stopped.
③Not until the snow stopped did he leave the room.
[写美] 一句多译
直到那时候他才意识到自己犯了这么大的错误。
④He didn't realize that he had made such a big mistake until then．
⑤It wasn't until then that he realized he had made such a big mistake.
⑥Not until then did he realize that he had made such a big mistake.
PAGE
19Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
Grammar —— 过去分词(短语)作表语和状语
1．The next day was clear and mild，and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city.
2．However，they did not anticipate seeing such an open country，and were truly amazed.
3．Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
4．Finally，the company — headed by its new manager — started to make a profit.
[我的发现]
(1)句1中的pleased和句2中的amazed为过去分词作表语。
(2)句3中的Seen from the train window和句4中的headed by its new manager为过去分词短语作状语，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往含有完成的意思。
一、过去分词(短语)作表语
1．过去分词(短语)作表语的位置及意义
位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。
She looked disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2．过去分词(短语)作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词(短语)作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而谓语动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is broken.
杯子碎了。(系表结构)
The cup was broken by Tom.
杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态)
3．现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作表语的区别
过去分词(短语) 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”
现在分词(短语) 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”
They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.
他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。
The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.
形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。
用所给动词的正确形式填空
①I was too tired (tire) to walk any further.
②When he heard the moving story，he was deeply moved．(move)
③Tom was more surprised (surprise) than disappointed (disappoint) at this news.
二、过去分词(短语)作状语
1．过去分词(短语)作状语的意义
过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为被动关系。
2．过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置
(1)过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。
When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”．(时间状语)
当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。
Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语)
如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。
Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.(原因状语)
在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。
Visited many times, the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语)
虽然已参观了很多次，但这个地方仍值得再来。
He has been preparing his paper all day long, locked in his study.(方式状语)
锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。
The guest walked into the room, greeted by the host.(伴随状语)
客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。
(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
淋了一场大雨，他全身湿透了。
He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。
写出下列句中黑体部分分别作什么状语
①Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 原因状语
②Time, used correctly，is money in the bank. 条件状语
③If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once. 条件状语
④Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 方式状语
⑤When given a medical examination，you should keep calm. 时间状语
3．过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况
(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。
Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole city looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。
Encouraged by the progress he has made (＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made)，he works harder.
由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by two students(＝and was followed by two students).
老师走进了教室，后面跟着两个学生。
(3)过去分词(短语)作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词(短语)作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party.
即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。
Unless you are asked to speak(＝Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting.
除非被要求讲话，否则在会上你应该保持沉默。
(4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。
The test finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假了。
句型转换
①When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent.
→When asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent.
②If we are united，we will make our life better.
→If united, we will make our life better.
③Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it.
→Exhausted by the hard work, we went on with it.
4．现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语的区别
现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语时，现在分词(短语)的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词(短语)的动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词(短语)的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。
Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine.
沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。
Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest.
完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。
(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention，the tree could have grown better.
如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。
Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
单句语法填空
①Impressed (impress) by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time.
②Looking (look) out of the window，I found many children playing on the playground.
1．date back to追溯到……；始于……
(教材p.40) The visitors were admiring the antique dating back to the 17th century.
游客们正在欣赏这件始于17世纪的古董。
date from 追溯到；始于
up to date 时髦的；最新的
out of date 过时的
[佳句]
According to the expert, the vase has a history dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
据那个专家说这个花瓶年代久远，可追溯到初唐时期。
[练透] 补全句子
①My interest in stamp collecting dates back to/from my schooldays.
我从学生时代起就开始爱好集邮。
②He is always right up to date in his information about this subject.
在这个学科上，他一向掌握最新的信息。
[写美] 翻译句子
③她猛然觉得自己老了，跟不上时代了。
Suddenly she felt old and out of date.
[点津] (1)date from与date back to 都用主动语态，不用被动语态和进行时态，但可用动词 ing形式作定语、补语或状语等。
(2)谈论现存的物品或建筑物时，虽然这一事物建造于过去某一时期，但date from 和date back to却用一般现在时。
2．[句型公式] 状语从句的省略
(教材p.41) When asked what the trip meant to him, the man said it was “an experience of a lifetime”．
当被问到这次旅行对他意味着什么时，他说这是他“一生都难以忘怀的经历”。
省略的条件 状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略的形式 省略从句中的主语或it和be动词
[佳句]
While enjoying the meal, some students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, making the elderly very happy.
吃饭时，一些学生表演了精彩的民间舞蹈，这使老人们非常高兴。
Though buried in books these days，I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
尽管这些天埋头苦读，我还是加入了几个学生俱乐部来提高自己。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying (enjoy) a live music show and nice street entertainment.
②There are some health problems that，if not treated (treat) in time，can become bigger ones later on.
[写美] 补全句子
③Don't call him unless (it is) urgent．
事情不紧急就别给他打电话。
PAGE
6Part Ⅰ Talk about scenery and culture along a journey
[听说课前清障]
1．idiom n. 习语；成语
2．contrary adj. 相反的；相对立的
n. 相反的事实(或事情)
3．anyhow adv. (结束交谈或转换话题时)不过；反正
4．alongside prep. 在……旁边；与……一起
adv. 在旁边
5．proceed vi. 行进；继续做
6．astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊
7．photographer n. 摄影师；拍照者
8．owe vt. 欠(账、债、情等)
9．toast n. 烤面包片；吐司；干杯
vt. 为……干杯
vi. 烤(尤指面包)
10．as hot as an oven 热得像火炉
11．kill time 消磨时间
12．get close to 靠近；接近
13．on the contrary 相反
14．take care 当心
15．on one's way to 在某人去……的路上
16．They must have spent a pleasant evening together.
他们一定在一起度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
17．It is said that a person who travels far knows more.
人们说读万卷书不如行万里路。
[话题听力提能]
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1至3题。
1．Why won't the two speakers go to Europe
A．They can't afford it.
B．They don't have enough time.
C．They have been there recently.
2．How will the two speakers travel
A．By car. B．By bus. C．By train.
3．What does the woman remind the man to do before they leave
A．Fill the car up with gas.
B．Check the weather forecast.
C．Make a list of things to bring.
听第2段材料，回答第4至6题。
4．Who did the man go to Hawaii with
A．His sister. B．His friend. C．His cousin.
5．What was the weather like when the man was in Hawaii most of the time
A．Cloudy. B．Sunny. C．Windy.
6．What did the woman do during the vacation
A．She went sailing.
B．She had a barbecue.
C．She went to her sister's house.
听第3段材料，回答第7至9题。
7．What happened at London Airport
A．The engine of the plane had a problem.
B．The captain got a wrong message.
C．The woman failed to board the plane on time.
8．What did the captain inform the passengers of
A．The change of landing time.
B．A flight delay.
C．Heavy storms.
9．How long did the woman stay in Southampton
A．Half an hour.
B．An hour.
C．Three hours.
听第4段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Why does the woman call the man
A．To show him the way to the hotel.
B．To ask about his arrangements.
C．To tell him the flight time.
11．At what time is the last train supposed to leave
A．8：10. B．9：50. C．11：30.
12．What advice does the woman give to the man
A．Book a hotel near the railway station.
B．Eat at the hotel after checking in.
C．Take an early flight to New York.
答案：1～5 ACBCA 6～10 BACBA 11～12 BB
听力材料：
(Text 1)
M：Hi, darling! I have a one month vacation saved up.How about a trip to Europe We haven't been there before.
W：I could go for that, but I'm afraid our budget is a little tight this year.
M：I know, but I really need a change — I need to get out of this town for a while.Working day after day has worn me out.
W：How about a visit to the countryside There are many interesting places to see there.
M：I think that's a great idea.When can we make this happen
W：Tomorrow I have an appointment with my dentist.What about next Monday
M：Perfect.I'll try to arrange my work so that I can have a couple of days off next week.If we're going to drive, I'll need to fill up the tank.
W：No need.I think it's still plenty full, and I'd actually rather travel by bus or train.It would cost much less than driving.
M：We can take the train.It will be faster.I'll book the tickets tomorrow afternoon.
W：Great! Oh, one more thing, don't forget to check the weather forecast before we go.I'd hate to head out for a visit to the countryside and then have nothing but rain.
M：No problem.I'm really looking forward to the coming week.
W：Me, too.I'll make a list of what we need to take with us.
(Text 2)
W：Hi, Don.How was your vacation
M：I went to Hawaii.
W：Who did you go with
M：I went there with my cousin.We had a great time!
W：Did you bathe in the sun
M：No.It was cloudy most of the time.But we went sailing.It was great fun.But it became windy the last day when I was there.And we had to stay in the hotel and prepared for our journey back.What did you do during the vacation
W：Well, I just stayed at home, but my sister came to see me and I invited some friends home.We had a great barbecue in the garden.
M：Sounds not bad.
(Text 3)
M：What took so long I thought your flight was supposed to arrive three hours ago!
W：Didn't they announce that our flight was delayed
M：I didn't hear anything about a delay.What happened
W：We boarded the plane on time, but then we were held up for almost an hour at London Airport due to an engine problem.
M：Then what Your plane was three hours late!
W：We finally took off, but about 30 minutes later, the captain came on the loudspeaker to inform us that there would be heavy storms.Everyone started getting nervous.The captain decided to land early.
M：So where did you land
W：We landed in Southampton and waited for an hour for the storms to pass and then took off again.
M：That sounds like a nightmare!
W：It wasn't too bad.At least I'm alive.
(Text 4)
M：Dan Seville.
W：Oh, hi, Dan, it's Jessica.I'm really sorry.I'll be heading off to New York early tomorrow morning.So I won't be able to pick you up at the airport after all.I'm really, really sorry.
M：Oh, don't worry.
W：I know that you arrive at the airport at eight in the evening.
M：8：10, that's right.
W：So you really need to catch the last train at 9：50, so the first step is to get from the airport to the railway station.You could take the bus instead of a taxi.
M：Right.OK.
W：The train is due to get in at about 11：30.I've booked you into a hotel near the station.It's called Le Metropole.You can walk from the station.When you've checked in at the hotel, I suggest you get a meal there.They'll still be serving food at that time.
M：OK.That sounds wonderful.
[话题表达锤炼]
Scene One
教室里Sam和Lucy正在聊刚刚过去的周末……
阅读下面的对话，根据语境选择最佳选项填空。
Sam：Hi, Lucy.How was your weekend
Lucy：Well, I had a busy weekend, so I'm a little tired today.
Sam：Really 1 ．
Lucy：Well, on Saturday I cycled along the Louis River in the morning and then visited my grandparents in the afternoon. 2 ， we went shopping there in the evening.
Sam： 3 . What did you do on Sunday
Lucy：I spent the whole day preparing for today's English test.
Sam： 4 . I just watched TV all weekend!
Lucy：Well, the test will be held at 4：00 p．m.
Sam：OK, I still have a few hours.I have to run. 5 ．
A．I'll catch you later
B．Oh no! Are you kidding
C．Yeah, it does sound tiring
D．What were you engaged with
E．Since they live close to a supermarket
答案：1～5 DECBA
Scene Two
Lily正在问Matt他的暑假出行计划和安排……
阅读下面的对话，根据提示完成对话。
Lily：So, are you going to go on a guided tour during your summer holiday
Matt：Some friends and I are planning to 1.drive down the coast of California (沿着加州的海岸自驾).
Lily：Sounds like a trip full of adventure.2.What have you planned about accommodation (关于住宿你怎样计划的)
Matt：I've looked at a few places, but basically 3.we're going to discuss as we go (我们将一边走一边讨论).
Lily：That would be too risky for you.I like to 4.have everything clear before I leave home(在我离开家之前把一切都弄清楚)! When are you setting off
Matt：Our flight is leaving on 1 June.But I haven't decided on the return date yet.
Lily：Wow! 5.Are you serious (你是认真的吗) You really are relaxed about things!
[听力技巧点拨]
听力微技能
对习语的考查在英语听力测试中屡见不鲜，提问形式通常以what开头的特殊疑问句， 例如“What does the professor mean when he says this？”
一般来说， 对于有些习语，我们能从字面上猜出它们的大致意思，但是还有些习语表达的意思与构成习语的单词本身的意思截然相反。因此， 同学们应在平时注意积累这方面的知识。例如 “in the pink”是表示 “身体很健康、精力充沛”的习语，当一段材料中说 “He is in the pink”时，说明 “他的身体很好”。
[典例] What did the man mean by saying “the audience really sat on their hands”？
A．The audience loved his show.
B．The audience didn't enjoy the show.
C．The audience didn't know how to enjoy the show.
[听力原文]
W：Hey, Tom, how did your show go in the club
M：I thought it would be great but the audience really sat on their hands.
W：I think you are a great musician.It's their fault that they couldn't appreciate your music.
[分析] Tom说他本以为自己表演得很棒，但是“观众们真的坐在自己的手上”，也就是说没有为他鼓掌，因此推断出观众们不喜欢他的表演。再结合这位女生对他的安慰，认为他是一位很棒的音乐家，那些观众无法欣赏他的表演是他们的过错，可以推断出答案选B。
Part Ⅱ Write about a rail journey across Canada
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠释
[教材原文]
SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA
RAIL：TORONTO AND MONTREAL
After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto, the largest and wealthiest city in Canada, they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal, so they went on a tour of the city.They went up the CN Tower and looked across the shores of Lake Ontario.Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.Water from the lake flows into the Niagara River and over the falls on its way to the sea.
The girls saw hundreds of skyscrapers of glass and steel, and old fashioned cars rolling by.As they walked north from the harbour area, Li Daiyu said, “Lin Fei, one of my mother's old schoolmates, lives here.I should phone her and see if she's available for dinner.”
They met Lin Fei around dusk over dinner at a restaurant in downtown Chinatown.The cousins chatted with Lin Fei, who had moved to Canada many years earlier.
“This is the largest Chinatown in Toronto.We have a few more in the Greater Toronto Area, so you can guess that there are a lot of Chinese people in Canada! Chinese people have been coming here for more than a hundred years.Therefore, we can get all kinds of great food here from all over China，” Lin Fei told them.
The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal early the next morning.At the station, in contrast to Toronto, they heard people talking in French.They were surprised to see that all the signs and advertisements were in French and many people spoke English with an accent.
“We don't leave until this evening，” said Liu Qian. “Let's go downtown.Old Montreal is close to the water.”
They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and visiting artists in their workplaces along St Paul Street.As they sat in a restaurant alongside the broad St Lawrence River, a young man sat down with them.
“Hello, my name is Jean Philippe.I'm a photographer，” he said, “and I was wondering where you are from.”
The girls told him they were from China and were on a train trip across Canada.When they told him they had only one day in Montreal, he said, “That's too bad.You owe it to yourselves to stay longer.Overall, Montreal is a city with wonderful sights and sounds. Most of us speak both English and French, and the city has unique Quebec culture and traditions.There are fantastic restaurants and clubs around, too.Here, we love good coffee, toast, and cheese. And good music, of course！”
That night the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River towards the Gulf of St Lawrence and down to the distant east coast towards the province of Nova Scotia and its largest city, Halifax.The cousins dreamt happily of the beautiful cobblestone streets, old brick buildings, and the red maple leaves of Montreal.
[名师论道]
[学语言]
第一部分(第1～4段) kill“消磨时光”， went up“登上”， looked across “眺望”，不同动词的使用表现她们不同的活动。
astonished 情绪类形容词以及 see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls，使用现在分词短语作宾语补足语，都表现了尼亚加拉瀑布的壮观， 即使在远处都能看见升起的水雾。
第二段中rolling by为现在分词短语作宾语补足语， 同时roll这个动词比起move 或go, 更加生动形象地描写出多伦多城市的繁华忙碌。
第二部分(第5～10段) 第五段中heard people talking in French现在分词短语作宾语补足语，以及 surprised to see等词汇的运用都表现了她们在蒙特利尔听到法语并看到法语招牌、广告时的惊奇。
第七段as“当……时”， 连词，当她们坐在饭店时有人坐过来说话。
第十段speed动词直接表现火车前往下一目的地的速度；dreamt happily表现这一天给她们留下了美好的印象。
[学结构]
本文为游记类文章，按照时间发展顺序记叙不同城市的所见所闻所感。全文大致可分为两部分，第一部分(第1～4段)和第二部分(第5～10段)分别讲述了在多伦多和蒙特利尔的所见所闻。
(一)文章以SEEING THE TRUE NORTH VIA RAIL：TORONTO AND MONTREAL为题，讲述了两姐妹从多伦多到蒙特利尔这段旅途中的所见所闻，尤其是谈到在多伦多中国城与Li Daiyu妈妈的老同学Lin Fei会面，以及在蒙特利尔与当地小伙子Jean Philippe的交流，体现了加拿大多元文化的特色。有利于学生进行文化对比，培养跨文化交流与沟通的意识。
(二)该语篇以时间的推移和地点的转换为线索，用优美、流畅的语言描绘出一幅具有加拿大特色的多彩画卷，包括当地的自然美景、城市风貌、文化传统、艺术生活等，为学生接下来完成写作任务提供了重要的信息和鲜活的语言素材。
佳句背诵
1.段首常用语：
(1)I went to ...by train/bus.
(2)That was my first visit to ...
2.段中常用语：
(1)On the way to ..., we ...
(2)After ... hours' riding ...
(3)We did not stop enjoying ourselves until ...
3.段尾常用语：
(1)We had a good time/enjoyed ourselves.
(2)This is unusual/unforgettable ...
(3)Exhausted as we were, we had a wonderful day.
(4)This was a real life changing experience that I would never forget.
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
假设你是李华，上周你和父母参加了某旅行社组织的上海三日游活动。请根据表格内容用英语写一篇游记。
行程 活动内容
第一天 参观东方明珠塔及外滩；乘观光游轮夜游黄浦江
第二天 游览上海迪士尼主题乐园
第三天 市内游玩；购物
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：东方明珠The Oriental Pearl Tower；外滩Bund；游轮cruise ship；迪士尼乐园Disneyland。
[仿写步骤]
Step 1 一仿结构布局合理
第一段：简述旅行概况；
第二段：描述旅行过程及所见所闻；
第三段：表达旅行感受。
Step 2 二仿语言规范美观
1．上周，我和父母在上海游玩了三天。
Last week, my parents and I made a three day journey of Shanghai．
2．午饭后，我们去了外滩，在那里我们看到许多高楼大厦和疾驰的现代汽车。
After lunch, we went to the Bund, and there we saw hundreds of skyscrapers and modern cars rolling by．
3．第二天，我们参观了上海迪士尼乐园。我们站在梦幻的城堡前，被乐园美轮美奂的烟花秀惊叹。
The next day, we visited Shanghai Disneyland.We stood in front of the magical castle and were astonished at the breathtaking fireworks.
4．尽管我们疲惫不堪，但是非常高兴。
Although we were exhausted, we felt very glad.
5．多棒的旅行啊！
What a wonderful journey it was!
6．它不仅让我快乐，而且拓展了我的视野。
It not only entertained me, but it also broadened my horizons.
Step 3 三仿句间过渡自然
1．用where引导的非限制性定语从句改写句2。
After lunch, we went to the Bund, where we saw hundreds of skyscrapers and modern cars rolling by.
2．用分词短语作状语改写句3。
The next day, we visited Shanghai Disneyland.
Standing in front of the magical castle, we were astonished at the breathtaking fireworks.
Step 4 誊写
Last week, my parents and I made a three day journey of Shanghai.As soon as we got off the plane, we got on the bus and headed straight for The Oriental Pearl Tower.After lunch, we went to the Bund, where we saw hundreds of skyscrapers and modern cars rolling by.After supper, we admired the fascinating night scenes of Huangpu River from a cruise ship.The next day, we visited Shanghai Disneyland. Standing in front of the magical castle, we were astonished at the breathtaking fireworks.On the third day, we went on a sightseeing tour of the downtown streets and bought some souvenir gifts.Although we were exhausted, we felt very glad.
What a wonderful journey it was! It not only entertained me, but also broadened my horizons.
[自我评价]
Evaluation A B C D
1.(final copy) Be well organized.
2.(every sentence) Have correct tense and voice.
3.(final copy) Use what we have learned in the reading beautifully.
4.(writing) Be neat and beautiful.
5.(passage) Use proper conjunctions (连接词).
6.(passage) Use transitional sentences (过渡句).
7.(spelling, punctuation and capitalization) Be correct.
8.(final copy) Be worthy of being shared.
1．contrary adj.相反的；相对立的 n.相反的事实(或事情)
(教材p.43)Well, contrary to what many people believe, there are a lot of vast and empty spaces in China, actually.
嗯，事实上与许多人所认为的相反，中国有很多广阔而空旷的地方。
contrary to 与……相反
on the contrary 与此相反；恰恰相反
to the contrary 相反的；相反地
[佳句]
Contrary to expectation，he didn't win in the contest.
与预期相反，他在竞赛中没有获奖。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
②— It must have been terrible.
— On the contrary, I enjoyed every minute.
③Unless I heard anything to the contrary, I shall assume the meeting will be held on time.
[写美] 补全句子
④Contrary to high school students, students in college may have a lot of free time between classes.
与高中生相反的是，大学生在课间有很多自由时间。
2．astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊
(教材p.44)Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.
站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，惊叹不已。
(1)It astonishes sb that ... 令某人惊讶的是……
(2)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
be astonished at/by sth 因/对某事感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶
(3)astonishment n. 惊讶
to one's astonishment 使某人惊奇的是
[佳句]
The astonishing result made all of us astonished.
那个令人惊讶的结果使我们所有人大为吃惊。
[练透] 选词填空(astonished/astonishing/astonishment)
①To our astonishment, the dancer finished the performance with some astonishing skills.
②He was astonished to learn he'd won the competition.
[写美] 一句多译
使我特别惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字。
③To my astonishment, she still remembered my name.(astonishment)
④What astonished me was that she still remembered my name.(astonish；主语从句)
3．owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)
(教材p.44)You owe it to yourselves to stay longer.
你们应该多待一段时间。
[记牢]
owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe sth to sb 欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人
owing to 由于
[佳句]
The teachers owe our success to our hard work.
老师们把我们的成功归功于我们的努力。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks.
②I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.
[写美] 补全句子
③Owing to the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。
④You owe it to yourself to get some professional help.
你该为自己去寻求一些专业的帮助了。
[点津] 如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用owe it to sb to do/that ...结构。
[句型公式] 同位语(从句)
(教材p.44)After Li Daiyu and her cousin arrived in Toronto, the largest and wealthiest city in Canada, they only had a few hours to kill before they had to proceed to the next leg of their trip to Montreal, so they went on a tour of the city.
李黛予和表妹抵达加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多后，仅有几个小时的时间可以消磨，然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔，于是两人就在市区逛了逛。
本句中the largest and wealthiest city in Canada在句中作同位语，对Toronto作进一步解释和说明。具体用法如下：
(1)名词、代词作同位语；
(2)不定式、动名词作同位语；
(3)从句作同位语。同位语从句通常跟在某些抽象名词(fact, plan, view, idea, belief, opinion, possibility, thought, aim等)后，用来说明所修饰词的内容。
[佳句]
In the meantime, those volunteers hold the opposite view that they are fed up with the earth life and eager for living on the Mars.
同时，那些持相反观点的志愿者认为，他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星居住。
[练透] 用同位语/同位语从句补全句子
①Shanghai, one of the biggest cities in China, has developed rapidly in recent years.
上海——中国最大的城市之一，近年来发展迅速。
②The fact that man has landed on the moon is true.
人类已经登上月球的事实是真实的。
③I really agree with Susan's idea that the best gift should be whatever you devote the time and energy to．
我确实赞同苏珊的看法：最好的礼物应该是你为之投入了时间和精力的任何东西。
④The young man tried to achieve his aim — entering the key university．
这个年轻人努力实现他的目标——进入重点大学。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤我是李华，一名来自中国的学生。
I'm Li Hua, a student from China.
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