Reading and Thinking
First aid is defined as the emergency care given to a sick or injured person.The goals of first aid are to prevent death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse.Each emergency condition is different.However, the following rules apply to any kind of emergency.
*Be aware of your limitations.Do not try to do more than you are able to.Nor should you do things if you are unfamiliar with them.Do what you can under the conditions at the time.
*Stay calm.Acting calmly will help the victim feel safe.
*Take a quick look to see if the victim is bleeding, and if there is a pulse.
*Keep the victim lying down and do not move him/her.You could make an injury worse if you move the victim.
*Call for help or ask someone to make the EMS system (急救系统) start.
*Keep the victim warm unless he/she suffers from heatstroke (中暑).Cover the victim with a blanket.Coats and sweaters can be used if a blanket can not be found.
*Reassure the victim.Explain what is happening and that help has been called.
*Do not give the victim any food or fruits.
*Keep the bystanders away from the victim.Bystanders want to have a look, offer advice, and say something about the victim's condition.The victim may believe that the condition is worse than it really is.
[理解]
1．What's the main idea of the passage
The main idea of the text is about how to give first aid．
2．What's the most important purpose of first aid
To prevent death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse.
3．What's the purpose of keeping the bystanders away from the victim
Do not let too many bystanders around to disturb the victim.
[积累]
1．define v. 阐明；限定；给……下定义；描出……的界线
2．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
3．be aware of 意识到，认识到
4．limitation n. 局限性；限制，限定
5．be unfamiliar with 对……不熟悉
6．victim n. 受害者
7．reassure v. 使……安心
8．bystander n. 旁观者
Section ⅠReading and Thinking
①essential adj.必要的；必备的
②organ n．(人或动植物的)器官
③act as 担任；充当
④toxin n．毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)
⑤ray n．光线；光束；(热、电等)射线
⑥sense of touch 触觉
⑦get burnt 被烧伤
⑧a variety of 各种各样的
⑨radiation n．辐射；放射线
electricity n．电；电能
acid n．酸
adj.酸的；酸性的
be divided into 被分成……
depend on 视……而定；取决于……
millimetre n．毫米；千分之一米
minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
layer n．层；表层；层次
electric shock 触电；电击
internal adj.内部的
victim n．受害者；患者
swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
blister n．(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡
underneath prep.& adv.
在……底下；隐藏在下面
nerve n．神经
fabric n．织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
stick to 粘住；坚持
loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的
apply ...to 把……涂在……上；把……运用到……当中去
infection n．感染
suffer from 遭受
urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is an essential① part of your body and is its largest organ②.Your skin acts as③ a barrier against disease, toxins④， and the sun's rays⑤.It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch⑥.[1] As you can imagine, getting burnt⑦ can lead to very serious injuries.[2]The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.[3]
[1]本句是主从复合句，其中when things are too hot or cold是时间状语从句，而主句中有四个并列谓语动词helps, prevents, warns和gives。
[2]本句是主从复合句，其中As you can imagine是as引导的非限制性定语从句，而getting burnt是动名词短语作主语。
[3]本句是简单句，其中giving first aid是动词 ing 形式作表语。
CAUSES OF BURNS
You can get burnt by a variety of⑧ things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation⑨， the sun, electricity， acids， or other chemicals.[4]
[4]本句是简单句，其中冒号后面的内容都是对上文things的具体示例。
TYPES OF BURNS
Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.[5]
·First degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin.These burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.[6]
·Second degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
·Third degree burns These affect every layer of ， and sometimes the tissue under it .Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes, or petrol fires.These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.[7]
[5]本句是简单句，其中depending on是现在分词短语作状语，意为“视……而定；取决于……”。
[6] 本句是简单句，其中caused by other minor household incidents是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰burns。
[7]本句是由and连接的并列句。
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
First degree burns
·dry, red, and mildly swollen
·mildly painful
·turn white when pressed [8]
Second degree burns
·red and swollen; blisters； watery surface
·extremely painful
Third degree burns
·black and white
·swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen
·little or no pain if nerves are damaged [9]; may be painful around the edges of the burn
[8]句中when pressed是时间状语从句的省略形式。
[9]句中if引导条件状语从句。
FIRST AID TREATMENT
1．Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
2．Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. [10]
4．Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. [11]
5．If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
6．If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. [12]
[10]本句是主从复合句，其中主句是祈使句Remove any clothes, using scissors是现在分词短语作方式状语， if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构， unless又引导了条件状语从句。
[11]本句是主从复合句，其中主句是Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，动名词短语Applying oil to the injured areas作主语，而as引导原因状语从句。
[12]本句是主从复合句，其中主句是there be句型，而从句是If引导的条件状语从句。
烧伤急救处理
皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
烧伤的原因
很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。
烧伤的种类
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
·一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
·二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。
·三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。
烧伤的特点
一度烧伤
·干燥、发红、微肿
·微痛
·受压时变白
二度烧伤
·发红、肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液
·极度疼痛
三度烧伤
·皮肤发黑或变白
·肿胀；通常可见皮下组织
·如果神经受损，则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感
急救处理
1．将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。
2．用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。
3．如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
4．用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
5．如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。
6．如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
Step One：Pre reading
1．What happened to them in the pictures
Picture 1: Choking
Picture 2: A sprained ankle
Picture 3: Nosebleed
2．If you come across such situation, what will you do
Answers may vary.
3．What is first aid
First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injuried before a doctor can be found.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1．Read the passage quickly and find the main idea for the whole passage.
The whole passage tells us the burns and the first aid treatment．
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para.1) A．The three types of burns
Part 2 (Para.2) B．What to do if someone
gets burnt
Part 3 (Paras.3－6) C．The functions of the skin
Part 4 (Para.7) D．The symptoms of burns
Part 5 (Paras.8－13) E．How we get burnt
答案：Parts 1～5 CEADB
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．What are the characteristics of first degree burns
A．Black, white and charred.
B．Rough, red and swollen.
C．Rough, red and dry.
D．Dry, red and mildly swollen.
2．Which of the following is NOT the cause of burns
A．Steam and radiation.
B．The moon and the sun.
C．Fire and electricity.
D．Hot liquids and chemicals.
3．If burns affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin, someone must ．
A．be sent to hospital at once
B．be placed on the floor and cool the burns immediately
C．be undressed in order to cover the burned area with a clean, dry bandage
D．be asked not to drink any water
4．Why should we dry the burnt area gently
A．Because the person will cry.
B．Because rubbing may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
C．Because the burns are on the face.
D．Because it will make the person feel good.
答案：1～4 DBAB
Ⅲ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
First degree burns Second degree burns Third degree burns
Depth only the top few 1.millimetres of the skin below the top 2.layer of the skin every layer of the skin, and sometimes the 3.tissue under it
Characteristics dry, red, and mildly swollen mildly painful turn 4.white when pressed red and swollen; blisters；5．watery surface extremely painful black and white swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen little or no pain if 6.nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn
Treatment Place burns under 7.cool running water．→Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.→Remove any clothes 8.using scissors if necessary.→Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.→Burns on the face: make sure the victim can still 9.breathe．→Second or third degree burns: there is 10.an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
Step Three：Post reading
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
The skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from 1.losing (lose) too much water and 2.gives(give) you your sense of touch. 3.As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the 4.treatment (treat) of burns is giving first aid.
Burns are divided into three types, depending 5.on the depth of skin damage. First degree burns affect only the top few millimetres of skin. Examples include mild sunburn and burns 6.caused(cause) by other minor household incidents. Second degree burns go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get 7.better(well). Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. Third degree burns affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue 8.under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.
If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still 9.breathe (breath). If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need 10.to take(take) him/her to the hospital at once.
Ⅱ.讨论
With the knowledge you have learnt from the passage, describe the following scenes and tell how to deal with the emergencies.
Picture A: The burn is caused by touching the pot.It belongs to the First degree burns, because it affects only the top few millimetres of the skin.The burn is not serious.Characteristics of first degree burns：dry, red,
and mildly swollen; mildly painful; turn white when pressed.We should place the burnt area under cool running water within the first ten minutes.Then cover the burnt area gently with a loose clean cloth.
Picture B: It belongs to the second degree burns, which is caused by hot liquids. The burns are below the top layer of the skin.They are serious.The characteristics of second degree burns：red and swollen; blisters; wartery surface; extremely painful.We should dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth, and take him to the hospital at once.
Picture C: We can know he got burnt all over his body, and his skin became charred.It belongs to the third degree burns.It is caused by fire.It affects every layer of the skin, and the tissue under the skin.The characteristics of third degree burns：black and white; swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen; little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn. If necessary, remove any clothes using scissors; and there is an urgent need to take him to the hospital at once.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
1．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句Remove any clothes是祈使句，using scissors是现在分词短语作方式状语，if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构， unless又引导了条件状语从句。
[自主翻译] 如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
2．Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句是Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，动名词短语 Applying oil to the injured areas作主语；as引导原因状语从句。
[自主翻译] 在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．first aid technique 急救技能
2．its largest organ 它最大的器官
3．the sun's rays 太阳光线
4．radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals
辐射，太阳，电，酸或其他化学物质
5．the top few millimetres of the skin 皮肤的最上面几毫米
6．other minor household incidents 其他家庭小事故
7．the victim 受害者
8．loose clean clothes 宽松干净的衣服
9．an urgent need 紧急需要
10．ease discomfort 缓解不适
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
1．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的＋ ity→minority n．少数；少数民族
例如：major adj.主要的→majority n. 多数；大部分 equal adj.平等的→equality n．平等 national adj.国家的；民族的→nationality n．国籍 electric adj.电的；用电的→electricity n．电
2．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的；去t＋ cy→urgency n．紧迫；急迫
例如：efficient adj.效率高的→efficiency n．效率；功率
current adj.当前的；流通的→currency n．货币；通用
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Your skin acts as(充当，担任) a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays.
2．It also warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch (触觉).
3．You can get burnt by a variety of (各种各样的) things ...
4．Burns are divided into (被分成) three types, depending on (视……而定) the depth of skin damage.
5．Examples include burns caused by electric shocks (电击), burning clothes, or petrol fires.
6．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to (黏附于) the burnt skin.
7．Applying oil to (把……涂抹到) the injured areas is a bad idea ...
8．If the victim is suffering from (遭受……) second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。
[句式分析] as引导的非限制性定语从句。
[佳句仿写] 你可以看出，他自己做的比我做的还要好。
As you can see, he did rather better for himself than I did.
2．[教材原句] Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
[句式分析] 现在分词短语作状语。
[佳句仿写] 根据不同的家庭，我往往会给出一个不同的答案。
I tend to have a different answer, depending on the family．
3．[教材原句] Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
[句式分析] if省略结构。
[佳句仿写] 如果有必要，病人可以上门咨询自己的医生以得到更多的建议。
If necessary, the patient can then visit his doctor for further advice.
4．[教材原句] Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。
[句式分析] as引导原因状语从句。
[佳句仿写] 宽帽子是最好的，因为它可以同时保护你的耳朵和脖子。
A wide hat is the best, as it will protect your ears and neck as well．
5．[教材原句] If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
[句式分析] There is a need to do sth有必要做某事
[佳句仿写] 对父母来说和孩子相处融洽还是很有必要的。
There is a great need for parents to get along well with their children.
1．technique n．技能；技术；技艺
(教材p.50)What first aid techniques do you know of
你知道哪些急救技能？
have a technique for 有……的技术
technique in ……方面的技术
[佳句]
The new technique works better than the one it has replaced.
这项新技术比之前的效果要好。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①They learn basic techniques in self defence.
②Dick Fosbury had a new technique for doing the high jump.
[写美] 补全句子
③He has a special technique for dealing with problems of that sort.
处理那类问题他有一项特殊技巧。
2．sense of touch触觉
(教材p.50)It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。
sense of responsibility/duty 责任感，责任心
sense of humor 幽默感
sense of belonging 归属感
sense of smell 嗅觉
sense of beauty 美感；审美感
sense of direction 方向感
[佳句]
Newly developed robots have a sense of touch and are able to see and make decisions.
新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。
[练透] 补全句子
①Good chef must have a good sense of smell．
好厨师必须有好嗅觉。
②He had a poor sense of direction and soon got lost.
他方向感很差，一会儿就迷路了。
③He is distinguished for his sense of humor．
他以其幽默感著称。
[写美] 翻译句子
④我认为每个人都应该有责任感。
I think everyone should have the sense of responsibility/duty.
3．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
(教材p.50)Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
(1)minority n. 少数；少数民族
in the minority 占少数
(2)major adj. 主要的；重要的
n. 专业
vi. 主修
major in 主修
(3)majority n. 多数；大部分
in the majority 占大多数
[佳句]
To make it carried out better, we have made some minor changes to the program.
为了使该计划更好地被执行，我们对其做了一些小的改动。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Women are in the majority (major) in the company; men are in the minority (minor).
②Mary is majoring in French at Stanford.
[写美] 补全句子
③The majority of people interviewed prefer walking to taking a bus.
大多数接受采访的人都喜欢步行多于乘公共汽车。
4．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
(教材p.51) If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
(1)urgency n. 紧急；紧迫性
(2)urge vt. 催促；极力主张
n. 强烈的欲望；冲动
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
urge that ...(should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
have an urge to do sth 有做某事的欲望/冲动
(3)urgently adv. 紧急地；急迫地
[佳句]
It is urgent that food and clothes (should) be sent to the sufferers in the area.
把食物和衣服送给那个地区的受难者，这是十分紧急的。
[练透] 单句语法填空/补全句子
①She was surprised at the urgency (urgent) in his voice.
②He urged that we(should) go (go) at once.
③As we know, there's an urgent need for food and water here.
众所周知，这里急需食物和水。
[写美] 补全句子
④The vacation is coming and I have an urge to do a part time job．
假期快到了，我有去做一份兼职的冲动。
5．ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在
(教材p.51)Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.
在烧伤的地方涂上黄油或油会有帮助，因为它可以减少肿胀和缓解不适。
(1)ease sb of sth 减轻/消除某人的(痛苦、负担等)
(2)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松
put sb at ease 使某人放松
[佳句]
I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do.
我通过告诉他做什么使他摆脱了困难。
[练透] 用ease的相关短语填空
①Now he can put his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease．
②Walking helped to ease him of his pain.
[写美] 补全句子
③When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease．
当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松一下。
④We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以往任何时候更容易获取更多信息的时代。
1．[句型公式] if 省略结构
(教材p.51)Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
if省略结构：若if从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句中有be动词时，可将从句主语与be动词省略。
if省略结构的惯用表达：
if necessary 如果有必要
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if not 如果不是这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有过的话
if any 如果真有的话
[佳句]
Remind them to book an interview room if necessary.
如果有必要，提醒他们预订一间面试房间。
[练透] 补全句子
①You can come to Beijing for a holiday. If so, I'll show you around the Summer Palace.
你可以来北京度假。如果你来的话，我将带你参观颐和园。
②If possible, you'd better go to work by bike or by bus, which is beneficial to our environment.
如果可能的话，你最好骑自行车或者坐公共汽车去上班，这于我们的环境有益。
2．[句型公式] There is a need to do sth 有必要做某事
(教材p.51)If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
常见的there be结构如下：
(1)There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事
There is no denying that ... 不可否认……
There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
There is no problem to do sth 做某事没问题
(2)There happen(s) to be ... 碰巧有……
There seem(s) to be ... 好像有……
There may/must be ... 可能/肯定有……
[佳句]
Even if you have found the secret, there is no need to cry it from the housetop.
即使你知道了这个秘密，也没有必要闹得满城风雨。
[练透] 补全句子
①There is an urgent need to finish this project by tomorrow.
这个项目急需在明天之前完成！
②I have been attaching great importance to spoken English, so there is no problem for me to speak English fluently.
我一直非常重视英语口语，所以对我来说流利地说英语是没有问题的。
③There seems to be fewer tourists around this year.
今年来访的游客似乎少了。
PAGE
19Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
Grammar——动词 ing形式
1．As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
2．You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth.
3．The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
4．It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.
5．If you see someone choking，first call the emergency services.
6．In 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world.
[我的发现]
(1)句1中的getting burnt为动词 ing形式在句中作主语。
(2)句2中的covering it with a loose clean cloth为动词 ing形式在句中作宾语。
(3)句3中的giving first aid为动词 ing形式在句中作表语。
(4)句4中的running为动词 ing形式在句中作定语。
(5)句5中的choking为动词 ing形式在句中作宾语补足语。
(6)句6中的saving thousands of lives为动词 ing形式在句中作状语。
动词的 ing形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
一、动词 ing形式在句中的句法功能
动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。
1．动词 ing 形式作主语
(1)动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语往往表示经常或多次发生的动作，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
Collecting information about children's health is his job.
收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。(动作多次发生)
To finish the task will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体的动作)
(2)代词it代替动词 ing形式作形式主语。
此类句式常见的有：
It's a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间
It's no good/use/fun doing sth 做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①It is a waste of time trying (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.
②It's no good complaining (complain) without taking action.
(2)补全句子
①Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
②Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
2．动词 ing 形式作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语
常接动词 ing 形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
(2)作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词 ing 形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, keep on, put off, give up, look forward to, stick to, feel like, succeed in, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth, dream of等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①We don't allow diving (dive) in the pool.
②It is useful for someone who is trying to give up smoking (smoke).
③The boy was lucky to escape being punished (punish).
(2)补全句子
①It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim
今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？
②I have never dreamed of visiting that place．
我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
(3)下列动词(短语)既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
forget
stop
remember
regret
try
mean
go on
can't help
Don't forget to post the letter on your way to school.
别忘了在上学的路上顺便把这封信寄出去。
I shall never forget hearing her singing the song.
我永远都不会忘记听她唱这首歌时的情景。
[点津] (1)remember/forget/regret 后跟doing和having done所表示的意思并无差别。
(2)regret 后跟不定式时，往往表示对将要说的话(或做的事)表示遗憾，故其后常接 to say/tell/inform 等。
补全句子
①I regret to tell you that you've failed in the exam.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。
②Stop complaining to me about his rudeness.
别再向我抱怨他的粗鲁了。
③Missing the train means waiting for another hour．
误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。
3．动词 ing 形式作表语
作表语的动词 ing 形式包括动名词和现在分词。
(1)动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容(此时主语和表语可以互换)。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
(2)现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词性的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
His remarks are very encouraging.
他的评论非常鼓舞人心。
试判断下列句中动词 ing 形式的类型
A．动名词 B．现在分词
①My hobby is collecting stamps. A
②What you said is really inspiring. B
③What I am tired of is waiting here alone. A
4．动词 ing 形式作定语
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。
(1)动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. (The room is for reading.)
阅览室里不准大声说话。
(2)现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
[点津] 现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式作定语的区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。
You should adapt to the changing situation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。
The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
I'm looking for a room to live in.
我正在找房子住。
用所给词的适当形式填空
①Our school went on an organized (organize) trip last week.
②I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work to do (do).
③There's a note pinned to the door saying (say) when the shop will open again.
5．动词 ing 形式作宾语补足语
动词 ing 形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词 ing 形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)＋sb＋doing sth(作宾语补足语)。
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
(2)表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有make, have, let, keep, get, leave等)＋sb/sth＋doing sth(作宾语补足语)。
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
[点津] 使役动词接动词 ing 形式作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请别人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”；make, have, let接不带to的动词不定式，get接带to的动词不定式，表示“让某人做某事”。
Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt.
当心，否则你会弄伤手的。
(3)用于with复合结构中。
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
用所给词的适当形式填空
①They use computers to keep the traffic running (run) smoothly.
②The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them.
③He had the walls painted (paint) this morning.
④Tom's mother made him paint (paint) the house.
6．动词 ing 形式作状语
动词的 ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
(1)时间状语
动词的 ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while, after引出。
Having made full preparations(＝ After we have made full preparations), we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分的准备，现在可以应考了。
(2)原因状语
可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。
Being so excited(＝ As he was so excited), he couldn't go to sleep that night.
由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。
(3)条件状语
可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。
Working hard at your lessons(＝ If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
(4)结果状语
表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money(＝ and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money).
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
(5)让步状语
可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。
Knowing all this(＝Although/Though they knew all this), they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了这一切，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
(6)方式或伴随状语
不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。
The girls came into the classroom, singing and dancing(＝ and they sang and danced).
女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。
[点津] 动词 ing形式作状语的注意事项
(1)逻辑主语
动词 ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
Being ill, he didn't attend the wedding.
因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill 是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.)
(2)连词＋动词 ing 形式
由when/while /once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋动词 ing 形式”的结构形式。
Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.
＝Though they lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university.
尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。
(3)独立成分
有部分短语，其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响，通常用动词 ing 形式作状语。
considering(鉴于，考虑到)；judging from/by(从……来看；依据……来判断)；supposing that(假定……)；providing that ...(假定……)；owing to(由于……)
Considering he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.
鉴于他才刚刚开始，他懂得的已经不少了。
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining (explain) why she didn't want the children to play together.
②Judging (judge) from what he said, he wasn't satisfied with my work.
③Once losing (lose) this chance, you can't easily find it.
(2)句型转换
①When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
→Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
②Because I don't know his address, I can't send this book to him.
→Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.
③If you use your head, you'll have a good idea./Use your head and you'll have a good idea.
→Using your head, you'll have a good idea.
二、注意事项
1．动词 ing形式的时态、语态和否定形式
时态 主动 被动
一般式 (not) doing (not) being done
完成式 (not) having done (not) having been done
He was punished for not having done his homework.
他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。
Not being seen by anyone, the thief escaped.
那个贼趁无人看见时逃跑了。
I don't like being laughed at in public.
我不喜欢当众被别人嘲笑。
Not knowing this, he didn't come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
You have no excuse for not going.
你没有理由不去。
补全句子
①Being careless is not a good habit.
粗心不是一个好习惯。
②I have no idea of his having done such a thing．
我不知道他做过那样的事。
③Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的这个男孩感到无聊就出去了。
2．动词 ing 形式的复合结构
动词 ing 形式的复合结构由形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词 ing ，即“sb/sb's＋doing”构成。动词 ing 形式的复合结构实际上是给动词 ing 形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词 ing 形式的复合结构有四种形式：
①形容词性物主代词＋动词 ing
②名词所有格＋动词 ing
③代词宾格＋动词 ing
④名词＋动词 ing
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.
这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。
[点津] (1)动词 ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。作宾语时，①②③④四种形式都可用。
(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。
Tom's winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot.
汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。
Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now
你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？
用动词 ing 形式的复合结构补全句子
①His father's being ill made him worried.
他的父亲病了，这使他很担心。
②Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.
你正确未必就意味着我错了。
③Can you imagine him/his cooking at home
你能想象他在家做饭的样子吗？
1．slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走n.滑倒；小错误；纸条
(教材p.53)When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.
当他从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。
slip into ... 悄悄溜进……；陷入
slip out of ... 悄悄溜出……
slip up 疏忽；出差错；跌倒
slip one's mind/memory 被忘记
[佳句]
It was while his father was sleeping that the boy slipped out of his room.
就是在他爸爸睡觉的时候，小男孩溜出了他的房间。
[练透] 补全句子
①It amazed him how easily one could slip into a trick.
一个人如此容易就陷入圈套，这使他感到吃惊。
②Even though I was aware of it, I would still slip up．
即使我意识到了那一点，可我仍会有所疏忽。
2．delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事) vt.耽误；耽搁n.延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
(教材p.53)After arriving, the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an IV needle, and checked her vital signs.
到达后，救护队很快找到了泰勒夫人，立刻给她输氧，静脉注射，并检查了她的生命体征。
delay doing sth 延迟做某事
without delay 毫不迟疑；立刻，马上
a delay of ... 耽搁……
[佳句]
All of them were amazed, and they wanted to have a try for themselves without delay.
他们非常惊讶，都毫不犹豫地想亲自尝试一下。
[练透] 片段语法填空
There was ①a delay of two hours before the plane took off. Therefore, we had to delay ②holding (hold) the meeting until three o'clock in the afternoon. After that, the plan would be carried out ③without delay. If not, we might be unable to finish the task in time.
[写美] 补全句子
④We must take actions to protect endangered animals without delay．
我们必须立刻采取行动保护濒危的动物。
PAGE
1Part Ⅰ Learn to call emergency services
[听说课前清障]
1．medical emergency 医疗急救
2．operator n. 电话接线员；操作员
3．ambulance n. 救护车
4．drown vt.& vi. (使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
5．sprain vt. 扭伤(关节)
n. 扭伤
6．ankle n. 踝；踝关节
7．poison n. 毒
8．bleed vi. 流血；失血
9．pillow n. 枕头
10．panic vi.& vt. (使)惊慌
n. 惊恐，恐慌
11．rescue v. 解救；救援
12．response n. 回应；反应
13．European adj. 欧洲的
14．perform CPR 做心脏复苏术
15．To help the listeners follow what to do next, they use words such as first, next, then, after that, and finally.
为了帮助听者知道下一步做什么，他们用一些如首先，其次，然后，在那之后和最后这些词。
16．The pictures below show what to do to rescue someone from drowning.
以下图片展示如何做才能救溺水的人。
[话题听力提能]
听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第1段材料，回答第1至3题。
1．What happened to the woman
A．She broke her wrist.
B．She injured her shoulder.
C．She hurt her both legs and right arm.
2．Who is the man
A．A doctor.
B．A policeman.
C．The woman's father.
3．What will happen to the truck driver right after he gets better
A．He'll return home.
B．He'll be in prision.
C．He'll hire a lawyer.
听第2段材料，回答第4至6题。
4．Who is Molly
A．A patient. B．A nurse. C．A mother.
5．What does Doctor Laver ask Molly to do
A．Comfort the baby.
B．Wash the baby.
C．Dress the baby.
6．How is Doctor Laver towards Molly
A．Grateful. B．Generous. C．Encouraging.
听第3段材料，回答第7至9题。
7．Why hasn't the man gone to sleep
A．He is waiting for a call from his doctor.
B．He doesn't need to get up early next morning.
C．He is having trouble falling asleep.
8．What does the man intend to do in the beginning
A．Go to see the doctor.
B．Ask for a sick leave.
C．Talk to the director at work.
9．Why doesn't the man quit his current job
A．He likes his director.
B．He hasn't found another job.
C．His wife advises him to keep the job.
听第4段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What did the nurse ask the woman
A．Age, height and weight.
B．Name, address and ID card number.
C．Marriage and education level.
11．Which of the following is TRUE about the woman's doctor
A．He stayed in the office.
B．He was healthy.
C．He had a flu and had to stay in bed.
12．Who treated all the patients
A．The nurse.
B．The woman's doctor.
C．The woman's doctor's doctor.
答案：1～5 CABBA 6～10 CCBBA 11～12 CC
听力材料：
(Text 1)
W: What happened Where am I
M: You're in the hospital.You had a car accident last night.You might feel some pain.You broke both of your legs and your right arm.
W: Is Megan Okay She was the one driving.
M: Yes, she's fine.She's in the room next to yours.She broke her left wrist and her right shoulder.A truck ran a red light and crashed into your car as you were turning left.
W: Oh, wow.I can't believe both of us are alive.
M: Yes, you are lucky.
W: What happened to the person who was driving the truck
M: He's Okay too.He suffered only minor injuries.Once he is released from the hospital, he will be taken to jail.
W: Jail Will there be a trial
M: Most likely, although I don't really know.A police officer will come in later today to talk to you, and you might need to get a lawyer.
W: Oh, Okay.Where's my dad
M: He is in the waiting room.I'll tell him you're awake and that he can come to see you.
W: Thank you.
(Text 2)
M: You're Molly, right Alice asked me to look after you today.
W: Thanks, Dr.Laver.I'm not sure of what to do the first day at work.
M: Don't worry.Now, Molly, let's get started right now.
W: Right, doctor.I've never had to look after such young babies before.I'm quite nervous really.
M: Nothing to it.Just pick up a baby and have a nice little chat, to make it feel comfortable.
W: Ah, hello there, Babyface! What have you been up to today
M: See You're a natural.I'm sure you'll make a lovely mother one day, Molly.
(Text 3)
M: I can't sleep, Lisa.Maybe I'll take a few days off.
W: You should go to see the doctor.This is the third time this week you've stayed up all night.Are you all right
M: I'm not sure anymore.I feel fine, and I get tired when it gets late, but then I just stay awake.
W: Are you stressed about something
M: Yes, it's the new director.She is not a pleasant person to work for.Three people have quit in the past two weeks.Everyone walks around the office scared and silent.
W: Why didn't you tell me this before
M: I didn't want to bother you with it.I can't afford to quit without finding another job.
W: I'm to get that raise starting next month, so you should consider that, too.
M: I did, but that still doesn't leave us anywhere near where we want to be.
W: I know times are tough, but we're to get through this together.We just need to work together and see things through to the end.
M: Yeah, I guess the worst that can happen is that I have to keep working for that crazy woman for a while.
(Text 4)
M: What kind of questions, Alice
W: She asked me my age, and how tall I am, and how much I weigh.She asked me if I had been coughing and sneezing.
M: What else did the nurse ask you
W: She asked me if I was allergic to any medicine.
M: That's very important information.It could be very serious, if you took the wrong kind of drug.
W: That's what the nurse said.While we were talking, my doctor called.
M: He called Wasn't he in the office
W: No.He was at the hospital.He had been treating his patients there.He said that he hadn't been feeling well all day.So he had asked another doctor to examine him.
M: What did the other doctor say
W: He said that my doctor had the flu.He told him to stay in bed.
M: But what about all the patients who were waiting？
W: My doctor's doctor came to the office and treated everyone.
[话题表达锤炼]
Scene One
发现一位落水者，Tom正在向医疗急救中心打电话……
阅读下面的对话，根据语境选择最佳选项填空。
Operator: Hello, this is medical emergency service, can I help you
Tom: Yes, I need your help.I have found a person who was drowned just now.
Operator: OK.Take it easy.Now, Could you tell me how was his reaction
Tom: Oh, he is unconscious.
Operator: All right.First, 1 ， please.Is it clear
Tom: Yes, I have got it.I laid him with the face up.
Operator: 2 ．
Tom: OK.I'll check and call him near his ears.
Operator: 3 ．
Tom: All right.I'll call at once.After that, what can I do
Operator: Don't worry. 4 ．
Tom: Yes, I have learnt some first aid techniques.I also know 5 ．Thank you.
Operator: Sure.I believe the ambulance will arrive soon.
A．Before the ambulance comes, perform mouth to mouth rescue breathing, if you can
B．Then check for response by patting his shoulders and calling him near each side of his ears
C．Check to see if he is breathing and shout for help or make a call to 120
D．how to perform CPR by pushing down on the centre of his chest
E．lay the victim on his back
答案：1～5 EBCAD
Scene Two
一个小男孩给急救中心打电话说他的朋友溺水了，急救人员正在通过电话告诉小男孩如何对溺水的朋友进行急救……
阅读下面的对话，根据汉语提示完成对话。
O＝Operator B＝Boy
O：Hello, this is emergency service.
B：Hi, it's my friend.We are at the swimming pool and I think he's drowning.1.We need an ambulance (我们需要一辆救护车)!
O：OK.Could you tell me your address
B：We are at the pond in Zhongshan Park.
O：Listen to me! Turn his head to the side, and then put your finger in his mouth to 2.make sure that there is nothing in mouth(确保嘴里没有任何东西).
B：OK ...I've done that.
O：Now turn his head back up, and lift his chin back.
B：Yes, OK.
O：Just be calm and do what I tell you next.3.Breathe into his mouth until his chest rises(向他嘴里吹气直到胸部隆起).Do this twice.
B：OK ...now what
O：Now 4.push down on the middle of his chest really hard (使劲按压他胸部的中间位置) and really fast.Every thirty pushes, stop and give him two more breaths.
B：That's it
O：Yes, 5.keep doing this until the ambulance arrives (坚持这样做直到救护车到达).And don't hang up the phone! I'll be right here if you need more help.The ambulance is on its way.
B：OK!
[听力技巧点拨]
如何解数字或时间类听力题
数字或时间类听力题可分为直接信息题和间接信息题两种。对于直接信息题，答案在录音中直接给出， 考生可以很容易地选出； 而间接信息题是录音中出现至少两个数字/时间， 考生需要听清这些数字/时间， 并理清楚它们之间的关系， 有时需要用简单的加减乘除运算来确定答案。常见的提问方式有：When ... / What time ... / What day ... / At what time ... / How old ... / How much ... / How long ...？等。
[典例] How much is the change
A．＄8. B．＄42. C．＄50.
[听力原文]
W: Hello, is this everything for you today
M: Yes.
W: OK.The total is 8 dollars.
M: Can you break a fifty
W: No problem.Here's your change, 42 dollars.
M: Thank you.
[分析] 选B。由Here's your change, 42 dollars.可知找回的钱是42美元。此题要注意50美元是整数，总的钱需要8美元，故50－8，找回42美元。
Part Ⅱ Share your story about providing first aid
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠释
[教材原文]
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.A fellow diner at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was choking on some steak.He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.
Chen wasted no time.He got up and ran to Zhang's table at once.With the help of Zhang's friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet.Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre.The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again.Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived.The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine.They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.
Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive.To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world.Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, practical, and easy.It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how.
If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services.Then, make sure that the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak.Slapping the victim's back will often force out the obstruction.If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist.Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach.Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion.Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.
Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended, as you may hurt him.Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.
With choking victims, every minute counts.You cannot just stand by and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school.Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately.Chen later said about the incident, “How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another's welfare.”
[名师论道]
[学语言]
1.首段使用了两个同位语结构a high school student in Beijing和Zhang Tao，使叙述更加精准。与此同时，when和while引导的状语从句，使句式结构更加丰满，体现层次感。
2.第二段运用了一系列动词(短语)，如wasted no time, got up, ran to, help Zhang to his feet, standing, did the Heimlich manoeuvre, was instantly forced out, began to breathe ...等，形象描述故事的发展。同时运用了多种句式结构，如动词 ing 形式作状语，that引导的宾语从句，suggest后的虚拟语气等。字里行间的逻辑连接词(短语)at once, Then, instantly, again, Ten minutes later等也很好地体现了连贯性。
3.第三段运用了非谓语动词结构，如Choking victims，leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive, To solve this problem, saving thousands of lives, Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre等，体现了句式结构的多样性和叙述的丰富性。
4.第四段运用了较多祈使句结构，如first call the emergency services, make sure that ..., Make a fist with one hand ..., push up and into his stomach ..., Continue doing this等，体现了表达的客观性和实用性。
5.第五段中Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre是动名词短语作主语，as引导原因状语从句，同时until he can breathe again是时间状语从句，句式丰富多彩。
6.第六段how to give first aid是“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，Seeing Zhang choking是现在分词短语作状语。
[学结构]
首段点明故事发生的背景，包括时间、地点和人物。
第二段重点描述了故事的经过及结果。第三至五段是对急救知识的介绍。
第六段总结归纳，发表感想、愿望等。
佳句背诵
1.That's really an unforgettable experience.
那真是一次难忘的经历。
2.After a while, many people came to help us.
过了一会儿，许多人来帮助我们。
3.Every time I thought of it, I was full of energy.
每当我想到这件事，我就充满了活力。
4.Although it happened three years ago, I never forgot the evening party.
虽然那是三年前的事了，但我从未忘记那个晚会。
5.Hardly had he heard someone calling for help when he jumped into the river without hesitation.
他刚听到有人喊救命，就毫不犹豫地跳进了河里。
6.Before the ambulance came, the lady who proved to be a nurse later performed first aid to the kid.
在救护车到来之前，那位后来被证明是护士的女士对孩子进行了急救。
7.The story is a good example in which first aid makes a big difference.
这个故事是一个很好的例子，说明急救可以起到很大的作用。
8.From it, we know it is necessary to know basic first aid skills so that we can be better prepared for an emergency.
从这件事中，我们知道了解基本的急救技能是必要的，以便我们可以更好地为紧急情况做好准备。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
生活中常有意外事故发生。假设你和你班同学李明从锅炉房打完开水，在回寝室的路上，李明的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了他的脚。于是你对他实施了必要的急救。请你结合此事，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报Teens投稿，主要内容包括：
1．描述事故发生的经过；
2．你是如何实施急救的(冷水冲洗、送医院做进一步的处理)；
3．简要谈谈你对掌握一定急救知识的重要性的认识。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：锅炉房boiler house 热水瓶 thermos bottle
[仿写步骤]
Step 1 一仿结构布局合理
第一段：直接点明故事的背景和时间、地点、人物等(某天，我和李明，回寝室途中，开水烫伤李明的脚)。
第二段：重点描述我是如何帮助李明，并开展急救的过程(如何实施急救，如冷水冲洗、送医院做进一步的处理)。
第三段：叙述我对该事件的感想(对急救知识重要性的理解)。
Step 2 二仿语言规范美观
1．使用非谓语动词结构(fetching some boiling water)和when引导的时间状语从句(when Li Ming's thermos bottle burst ...)，直接点明故事的背景。
一天，李明和我从锅炉房打完开水回寝室的路上，李明的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了他的脚。
One day，Li Ming and I were on our way back to dormitory after fetching some boiling water from the boiler house when Li Ming's thermos bottle burst and the boiling water caused severe injuries to his feet.
2．运用一系列动词(carried, put his feet, lessened, called a taxi, rushed him, received a further treatment)来强调动作的连贯性和紧迫感，叙述故事的发展过程。
(1)我把他带到附近的水龙头旁，然后用冷水冲洗他的脚。
I carried him to the water tap nearby and put his feet under the cool running water.
(2)他的疼痛减轻了。
His pain lessened.
(3)我叫了辆出租车，马上把他送到了医院。
I called a taxi and rushed him to the hospital.
(4)他得到了进一步的治疗。
He received a further treatment.
3．运用倒装(only then ...)和what引导宾语从句(what a big difference ...)来强化对急救知识重要性的认识。
只有那时，我才意识到急救基础知识能产生重大作用，特别是在这样一种情况下。
Only then was I aware what a big difference a basic knowledge of first aid can make, especially in such a case.
Step 3 三仿句间过渡自然
1．运用until把第2步中的句(1)和句(2)连接起来。
I carried him to the water tap nearby and put his feet under the cool running water until his pain lessened.
2．运用定语从句把第2步中的句(3)和句(4)衔接起来。
I called a taxi and rushed him to the hospital where he received a further treatment.
Step 4 誊写
Accidents always happen suddenly.One day, Li Ming and I were on our way back to dormitory after fetching some boiling water from the boiler house when Li Ming's thermos bottle burst and the boiling water caused severe injuries to his feet.
The burn was so severe that the skin was red and swollen.Immediately, I carried him to the water tap nearby and put his feet under the cool running water until his pain lessened.Afterwards, I called a taxi and rushed him to the hospital where he received a further treatment.
Only then was I aware what a big difference a basic knowledge of first aid can make, especially in such a case.
[自我评价]
Evaluation A B C D
1.(final copy) Be well organized.
2.(every sentence) Have correct tense and voice.
3.(final copy) Use what we have learned in the reading beautifully.
4.(writing) Be neat and beautiful.
5.(passage) Use proper conjunctions (连接词).
6.(passage) Use transitional sentences (过渡句).
7.(spelling, punctuation and capitalization) Be correct.
8.(final copy) Be worthy of being shared.
1．(教材p.54)drown vi.&vt. (使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
be drowned in 被盖住；被淹没在
drown ...in ... 使……淹没在……；借……消除……
drown sadness in alcohol 借酒消愁
drown oneself in 埋头于；沉浸在
[佳句]
Women often drown their sorrows in a bowl of ice cream after a break up.
女人们常常在分手之后用一碗冰激凌来消除她们的忧伤。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He built up his strength to lift the drowning (drown) child.
②Be careful when crossing the bridge or you will fall into the water and get drowned (drown).
③He was drowned (drown) in sleep so he did not feel it was raining.
[写美] 补全句子
④He called up his memories and drowned himself in them.
他回想起过去的事情并沉浸于其中。
2．panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌n.惊恐；恐慌
(教材p.55)Listen carefully and don't panic.
仔细听，不要惊慌。
(1)panic over/at/about 因……而恐慌；对……感到惊慌失措
panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事
(2)get into a panic 陷入恐慌(动作)
be in a panic 陷入恐慌(状态)
[佳句]
I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①He panicked over/at/about this accident.
②Many landowners were panicked (panic) into leaving the country at that time.
③She got into a panic when she couldn't find the tickets.
④The girl is in a panic.Try to help her calm down.
[写美] 补全句子
⑤The crowd panicked at/about/over the sound of the guns．
人们听到枪声感到惊慌。
3．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断
(教材p.56)Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
北京的一名高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一张桌子突然传来客人的尖叫声，打断了他。
(1)interrupt sb/sth (with sth) (因某事)打断某人/某事
be interrupted by 被……打断
(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物
without interruption 连续地；不断地
[佳句]
I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here
对不起，打断你一下，但他们怎么会住在这儿呢？
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It is bad manners to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.
②Let's go to a place where we can talk without interruption (interrupt).
③They were interrupted (interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.
[写美] 补全句子
④It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.
在别人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
4．scream vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫n.尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
scream at 朝……尖叫
scream for 为……而喊叫
scream out 尖声喊出；尖叫着
[佳句]
People were staggering about, screaming with pain.
人们跌跌撞撞地四处乱跑，痛苦地尖叫着。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The trapped passengers screamed for help.
②She screamed at me to get out of the way.
③She screamed out that she had lost her passport.
[写美] 补全句子
④People ran for the exits, screaming out in terror．
人们奔向出口，恐惧地尖叫着。
5．desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
(教材p.56)He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.
只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正在拼命地拍打他的背部。
(1)be desperate about 对……绝望
be desperate for 极想要……
be desperate to do ... 渴望做某事
(2)desperately adv. 绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地
[佳句]
They made a desperate attempt to save the company.
他们为挽救公司作孤注一掷的努力。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The man in the river desperately (desperate) tried to reach the side.
②He was desperate for work to provide food for his children.
③He is desperate to pursue (pursue) his vocation as an artist.
[写美] 补全句子
④The sudden loss of his money made him desperate．
突然丢钱使他很绝望。
6．justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
(教材p.56)How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing
我有什么理由坐在那里袖手旁观呢？
justify (sb) (doing) sth 证明(某人)(做)某事正当
justify ...to ... 向……证明……合理
justify oneself in doing sth 证明自己做某事合理
[佳句]
Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her.
她的成功证明了老师对她的信心是正确的。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①How will you justify this pay cut to your employees
②How can we justify spending (spend) so much money on arms
③He is fully justified in doing (do) so.
[写美] 补全句子
④Can you justify yourself in saying that
你能证明你有着充分理由可以那样说吗？
[句型公式] have sth done 结构
(教材p.56)Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
北京的一名高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一张桌子突然传来客人的尖叫声，打断了他。
句中had his dinner interrupted是“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，his dinner与动词interrupt之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
(1)have sth done让/叫别人做某事；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；使某事完成。
(2)have sb doing sth意为“允许某人做某事”时，常用于否定句中；意为“让某人一直做某事”时，强调动作的持续性。
(3)have sb do sth让某人做某事。
(4)have sth to do有事情要做(不定式作定语)。
[佳句]
She has her car cleaned twice a week.
她每周洗两次车。
[练透] 单句语法填空/根据提示完成小片段
①You can't have your children running (run) around in the house.
②There is no need to worry about it. I will have Tom pick (pick) you up at the airport.
③I don't like to wash clothes, so I always have my clothes washed (wash).
④I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch (catch).
⑤Yesterday, Jack had his hair cut. However, when he returned home, he found he had had his document stolen. He was very worried because his boss would have him work on weekends if he lost it.
昨天，杰克去理发了。但是，当他回到家时，他发现他的文件被偷了。他非常着急，因为如果他丢失了这份文件，他的老板会让他周末加班的。
[写美] 补全句子
⑥There's something wrong with my computer, so I have to have it repaired．
我的电脑出了问题，所以我得让人修理一下。
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