河北省保定市望都县2021-2022学年高二下学期2月周考（八）英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力试题）

高二英语试题
第一节 阅读理解(共8小题; 每小题5分, 满分40分)
A
Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered asP1 the greatest physicist who ever lived. What's more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to workingP2 for human rights and progress.
In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenshipW1. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace—afraid of a world in which only Hitler would have an atomic bomb—tried hard to persuade President Franklin D．Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uraniumW2 research. That Germany, after allP3, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.
Although he wasn't connected with any accepted religionW3, Einstein felt that trust in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorderW4. The universe to him was one of pure law and order.He once said, “God may know everything，but he is not hateful.”
1．From the passage we know that .
A．no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century
B．Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time
C．Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of America
D．Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons
2．If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would .
A．have continued his scientific research
B．have won another Nobel Prize for physics
C．not have advised starting uranium research in the USA
D．not have moved to the USA
3．Einstein in 1933.
A．visited England and the USA
B．lost everything
C．became a man without a country
D．both A and C
4．Einstein believed that everything in the universe .
A．was kept in order by its own law
B．had nothing to do with each other
C．happened in an irregular way
D．was made by the personal God
B
Sir John Gurdon, a British scientist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloningW1 of a mammalW2 would happen within 50 years, and that “maybe the same answer is appropriateW3” for the step to human cloning. Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.
Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complexW4 moral issues, the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful. Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown, the first “test tube baby”. He said, “When my first frog experiments were done, an American reporter asked how long it would be before these things could be done in mammals or humans. I said, ‘Well, it could be anytime between 10 years and 100 years—how about 50 years？’ It turned outP1 that it wasn't far off the mark as far as Dolly was concernedP2. Maybe the same answer is appropriate.” Sir John added that cloning a human effectively means making an identical twin, and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”．
The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children, who are no longer fertile (能生育的), to create another by using the mother's eggs and skin cells from the first child, thinking the technique was safe and effective, is 60 percent in favorP3. The reasons for “no” are usually that the new children would feel they are some sort of replacements for something.
5．Sir John predicted the human cloning would be a reality in at most.
A．about 100 years B．about 60 years
C．about 50 years D．about 10 years
6．Which statement can't be concluded from the text
A．Louise Brown is the first “test tube baby”．
B．Human cloning is still a controversial topic.
C．Sir John is positive about the future of human cloning.
D．Human cloning is creating something that didn't exist before.
7．The underlined word “identical” probably means “ ”．
A．same B．special
C．new D．clear
8．It can be inferred from the passage that .
A．most people cast doubt on John's experiments
B．human cloning is and will be only a dream
C．few children love to be cloned in the future
D．human cloning may be realized someday
第二节：完形填空（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a $500,000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. Instead, she put the money in the bank and 1 writing poems.
In 2011, she finally 2 what to do with it. That year, Heather's godson and his wife 3 their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled. “I saw how people's 4 can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a similar situation，” says Heather.
She 5 there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically (慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather 6 a non profit organization offering a seven day vacation, with all 7 paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.
Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a 8 vacation, she couldn't believe it; disbelief even 9 her concern about leaving her two kids.
Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy his 10 things. “I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，” says Tricia. She was afraid the 11 would return when the vacation was over, but to her surprise, it hasn't been back since.
Heather says Tricia's 12 resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year. “Before the vacation they are so 13 ， but the change is so amazing. They reflect and relax. It feels 14 like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another 15 ，” she adds.
1．A．continued B．quitted C．practiced D．started
2．A．thought over B．wondered C．talked about D．decided
3．A．held B．welcomed C．lost D．saved
4．A．feelings B．future C．lives D．routine
5．A．discovered B．claimed C．admitted D．felt
6．A．donated B．found C．visited D．formed
7．A．taxes B．salary C．expenses D．rent
8．A．free B．caring C．short D．long
9．A．woke B．defeated C．showed D．moved
10．A．wonderful B．delicious C．peaceful D．simple
11．A．heaviness B．pain C．sadness D．disbelief
12．A．comment B．story C．surprise D．fortune
13．A．worried B．confused C．unexpected D．stressed
14．A．slightly B．interestingly C．magically D．mostly
15．A．place B．situation C．height D．angle
三．写作 (30分)
根据下面表格内的汉语提示，写一篇100个词左右的介绍简·古道尔的短文。
研究领域 著名的野生动物研究专家，尤其在研究黑猩猩方面。
性格 谦虚、坦诚、考虑周到。
主要事迹 1.童年时代，她碰巧看到一本名叫《泰山和杜拉德博士》的书。受到极大鼓舞，打算研究动物；2.那个时代，妇女受到歧视，但妈妈支持她；3.20世纪60年代，简动身去非洲研究黑猩猩，用了25年多的时间观察和记录黑猩猩的日常活动，完全弄懂了它们的行为。
成就 1.成立了几个组织，发起一项保护动物的运动；2.在世界各地演讲，呼吁年轻一代参加“根与芽”活动；3.被授予了多个奖项。
参考词汇：
《泰山和杜拉德博士》 Tarzan and Dr Doolittle；
“根与芽” “Shoot and Root”
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参考答案
A篇 篇章导读：本文是一篇人物介绍。Albert Einstein不仅是一位伟大的科学家，他还致力于为人权和进步而工作。
B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话可知，B项正确；A项过于绝对；根据文章第二段中的“In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace ... States start uranium research.”可知，Einstein只是建议美国研究原子弹，并没有帮美国制造；D项文中未提到。
C　推理判断题。文章中讲到Einstein是一位热爱和平的科学家，所以，如果他知道当时的纳粹德国没有原子弹，且第一颗原子弹会投向日本的话，一定不会建议美国开始原子武器的研究。
D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话可知答案选D。
A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The universe to him was one of pure law and order.”可知，他认为宇宙并不是杂乱无序的，而是有自己的法则的。
B篇 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰·格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。
C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，格登爵士预测，在未来50年内，那些在事故中失去孩子的父母将有可能通过克隆技术得到孩子的“复制品”。故选C项。
D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“after the birth of Louise Brown, the first ‘test tube baby’”可排除A项；文章尾段说明赞成者占6成，故排除B项；根据第二段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充满了希望，故排除C项；根据第二段的尾句可知，D项切题。
A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“twin”和文中的“doctors would therefore simply be ‘copying what nature has already produced’”可知，画线词意为“相同的，相似的”，故A项正确。
D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起复杂的道德问题，但是生物学家声称如果克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消除他们的担心，因此可推断D项正确。
完型：
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十万美元奖金建立非营利组织，为照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员提供免费休假，让他们到新的环境中，从不一样的角度来看待他们的人生。
1 A　根据前一句中的“a poet”，再结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank and 1 writing poems”可知，她(这位诗人)获奖后，将奖金存进银行，继续(continued)写作。
2 D　根据下文中的“Heather 6 a non profit organization offering a seven day vacation”可知，此处表示在2011年，她终于决定如何使用这笔钱。decide “决定”符合语境。
3 B　Heather的教子和他的妻子迎来了他们的第一个孩子，那是一个漂亮的女婴，但是有严重的残疾。welcome “迎接”符合语境。
4 C　根据语境，并结合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾的女婴可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之间发生改变的。
5 A　她发现有数百万照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员。discover “发现”符合语境。
6 D　因此Heather在2012年建立了一个非营利组织，为那些成为护理员至少十年的人提供七天免费休假。form “建立，组成”符合语境。
7 C　该组织是非营利性质的，为护理员们提供免费假期，故护理员们不需要承担任何费用(expenses)。tax “税”；salary “薪水”；rent “租金”；expense “花费”符合语境。
8 A　由上文所述该组织可知，这个假期是免费的。free “免费的”。
9 B　根据下一段中的“Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy”可知，Tricia接受了免费休假这件事情，由此可知，她对免费休假的向往打败(defeated)了对于留下孩子们的担忧。
10 D　根据空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，Tricia在度假时所做的事情都是很普通、很简单的(simple)事情。
11 A　她担心度假结束后，自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷，但出乎她意料的是后来的生活并没有回到从前。根据上文可知，Tricia是一个护理员，平时的工作都是照顾病人，生活少有放松的时候，故heaviness “沉闷”符合语境。
12 B　上文讲述的是Tricia享受免费休假的故事，故B项story “故事”符合语境。
13 D　根据上文提到的Tricia担心度假结束后自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷可知，D项“stressed”符合语境。
14 C　这神奇地(magically)像是另外一个世界，并且给了他们一个从另一个角度看待他们的生活的机会。magically “魔法般地”符合语境。
15 D　由第13空所在的句子可知，护理员们免费度假后，对生活的看法有了明显的改变，即他们都能从另一个角度(angle)来看待自己的人生。
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