2022年广东省深圳市南山区麒麟中学中考英语阅读科普文与文化阅读专题训练（含答案）

2021-2022年广东省深圳市南山区麒麟中学
九年级二轮复习
科普类与文化类阅读专题(难度提升)
一
When we hear the word"virus”,we naturally think of something dangerous However,some viruses coexist(共存)with us and we can even make good use of some of them,according to recent studies.
Biologists suggest that 380 trillion viruses are living on and within your body right now. These viruses are collectively known as the human virome (病毒组). Some can cause illness,but many simply coexist with you.
It appears that our viromes begin to accumulate when we are born.Studies have shown different viruses in the babies’ bodies shortly after birth,suggesting that they probably come from the babies mothers.The viromes grow in number as the kids grow up.They are not likely-to change during adulthood.
“The virome looks like a partner that can influence our daily lives positively as well as negatively.We could even use the virome to improve our own health"said David Pride.an expert from the US.
One way is to use parts of viruses to cure diseases.Researchers in the US have purified(提纯)an enzyme(酶)from a virus that kills bacteria(细菌)found in patients.
The other way is to develop viruses’ value.Many viruses in our viromes infect bacteria. When the viruses move around the body,some arrive at the surfaces of our bodies such as the nose.throat and stomach. Viruses cannot divide and produce exact copies of themselves there,but they can wait for a bacteria to arrive.This process makes it possible to prevent us from getting certain diseases.
( )1.What does the underlined word "accumulate” in paragraph 3 mean
A.produce matters. B.create problems.
C.increase the quantity. D.examine the body
( )2Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE
Viruses even appear in the body of a baby
B.Not all viruses cause illnesses in our body.
C.There are less than 380 trillion viruses in a baby's body.
D.The number of viromes grows largely in the body of adults.
( )3.How can viruses benefit people
A.They make enzyme that can cure cancer
B.They help people avoid certain diseases.
C.They can turn harmful bacteria into a harmless one
D.They can copy themselves to kill harmful bacteria.
( )4.What is the author's main purpose in writing the text
To explain how viruses can be very useful.
To describe how viruses come into being.
C.To show the importance of human viromes D.To introduce our relationship with viruses.
( )5.Where is this text most likely from
A.A menu. B.A science fiction.
C. A guidebook. D.A biology magazine.
二
Qingming is not only one of China’s 24 solar terms, but also the time for Chinese people to honour their lost family members.
Qingming falls in early April of spring when the temperature begins to rise and rain fall increases.It is the right time for spring sowing(春播).At the same time,Chinese people will visit tombs of their ancestors(祖先)around Qingming to pay respect to the deceased.Most of the time the whole family will go together with something like flowers, food or paper money,clean up weeds around the tombs and pray for family prosperity(兴盛).
A traditional Chinese painting named Riverside Scene on the Qingming Festival was drawn 900 years ago. It shows the prosperous atmosphere and activities on that day. People returned from tomb sweeping with horses and packages in the picture.
Qingmingbecamea Chinese public holiday in 2008.During the holiday,there is also a popular and relaxing activity-spring outing. The spring sunshine brings everything back to life,and it's the best time to enjoy the beautiful views outside.The mild temperature and fresh air make spring outing another leisure choice for those who lead busy modern lives.
1.In which season does Qingming fall
A. In spring. B.In summer. C.In autumn. D.In winter.
2. What does "the deceased" mean in the second paragraph
A.people who are disabled B.people who are successful
C.people who have died D.people who have worked hard
3.What's the purpose of the third paragraph
A.To draw a famous painting. B.To show how to sweep tombs.
C.To introduce a traditional painting. D.To introduce activities during Qingming
4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article
A.Spring sowing. B.To honour the lost family.
C.A relaxing spring outing. D.A popular snack during Qingming
5.Where can we probably read this text
A.On a movie poster. B.In a newspaper.
C.In a fashion magazine D.On a shopping website
三
According to the United Nations Environmental Program’s Food Waste Index Report 2021, about 17 percent of the world's food goes to waste each year That amounts to 931 million metric tons of food.The report says food waste is not only a problem in rich countries like Britain or the United States.It happens in poor countries,too, where food supplies can go bad without cold storage. Most of the wasted food -6l percent-comes from homes.The rest comes from stores and food service companies.
Researchers say food waste is a growing concern because of the large amount of land and energy required to produce food. Raise animals and plant crops.They observe that forests are also being cleared to make space for more food production. If food waste is reduced, it might be possible to lessen the impact of its production on the world. Reducing food waste would cut greenhouse gas emissions, slow the destruction of nature and reduce hunger that is expected to rise during the coronavirus pandemic.
It is said that a lot of people in rich countries think differently about wasting food than they used to.Just 40-50years ago, most people could not afford to waste food. Now that people have more money and they are not as concerned. In the U.s., it is estimated that a family of four wastes about $1.500 worth of food each year.
Food is too important to waste.The UN.hopes the report will show countries some of the problems.so their governments can try to fix them.
1.What do we know from the first paragraph
A.All the wasted food comes from rich homes because they have a lot of money.
B. Poor countries can't store any food because they don't have cold storage.
C.Rich countries cause more food waste than poor countries.
D.Food waste can be found in rich countries as well as in poor countries
2.Why is there growing concern about food waste according to the passage
A.Because more and more people around the world suffer from hunger
B.Because food waste is too serious to be ignored.
C.Because the food production has impacted greatly on the world
D.Because the whole nature has been destroyed by human beings
3. Reducing food waste can bring us a lot of benefits except
A.Reducing greenhouse effect
B.Removing the damage to the nature
C.Making fewer people suffer from hunger
D.Saving land and energy that are used to produce food
4.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A.The coronavirus pandemic caused a lot of food waste
B.Human beings nowadays do not save food at all.
C.People in rich countries can afford to waste food
D.The report aims to make the government solve the problems
5.What is not mentioned in the passage
A.The ways to reduce food waste ,
B. The causes of food waste
C.The benefits of reducing food waste
D.The seriousness of food waste
四
Fishing is a popular activity and every fisherman knows the rule: keep the big ones,throw the smaller ones back. The reason for it is simple-if you keep the smaller ones, fewer fish will be able to grow and reproduce(繁殖)and the fish population will be in danger. But should we always keep the big ones
One scientist,Dr.David Conover, has spent the last 10 years studying the effects of the"keep the big ones" rule.
To set up his experiment, Conover and his team caught hundreds of silverside fish and divided them into six groups. For two groups, Conover followed the"keep the large ones" rule and took out the biggest fish. For two other groups,he removed only the small fish. For the last two groups,he removed fish randomly(随机地)
After five years,he measured the fish in each group.In the two groups where the largest fish were regularly removed,the average(平均)fish size was smaller than the average size in the other groups. That is to say, if only small fish survive to reproduce,then future generations offish are likely to be small.
For the second five years of his experiment,Conover changed the rules and took fish randomly from each group.At the end of the experiment,he found thatthe fish that were in the“keep the large ones"group for the first five years had started to get larger again,although he expected it would take at least 12 years for the fish in that group to return to their normal size In other words.it takes less time to shrink(变小)than it does to recover.
1.The underlined word“it” in Line 2 refers to“ ”
A.the activity B.the fish C.the rule D.the fisherman
2.Why do fishermen follow the "keep the big ones, throw the small ones back" rule
A.It helps to protect fish numbers.
B.It helps to protect fish size
C.They are used to. 1ollowingit.
D.They will be punished if they don't.
3.About the"keep the big ones”group,what did Conover find about his experiment after the first five years
A.It made no difference to fish size.
B.It affected all fish groups similarly.
C.It made the fish bigger on average
D.It made fish smaller on average
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the experiment
A.The whole experiment took Conover more than 12 years.
B.The fish in the"keep the large ones" group grew to theie nornal size in the experiment.
C.It takes fish more tame to recover to their normal size than it does to grow smaller.
D.The fish in the six groups had the same average size at the end of the experiment.
5.Why is the main purpose of this article
A. To ask people to catch big fish.
B. To describe a scientific experiment.
C. To tell people the danger fish are facing
D. To introduce the rules bf fishing to readers
五
From a young age,I started to carefully make to-do lists, writing down tasks-"read two new books”"do an extra hour of math”-and crossing them off as they were completed. All through my teens,this was a way to organize my confused mind as it jumped from one brilliant idea to another which played a great role in my study. I knew what I had to do and when to do them.
As I moved to Britain for a degree,and then started a career and my own family,I continued focusing on the things I needed to achieve.The to-do lists started to have disadvantages; they were eventually controlling me. I didn't celebrate achievements like moving up the studying ladder. Instead, I kept writing all the things I still had to do, always driving myself forward and never stopping to take a breath.
I had great anxiety.So I decided to start writing a “have-done” list every Friday evening.As the weeks went by,when looking at what else I had to do,I also rethought about my achievements and celebrated the smallest wins. It was a tiny change,but it has been important in helping me know how I measure success in life.
I'm still driven to succeed when taking time to rethink of the things I have achievedhowever big or small. I'm able to set my own standards of success.Writing these achievements down reminds me of the tiniest success. And my self-worth and value are no longer measured by the ticks and crosses on my to-do lists.
What did the author think about her making to-do lists through her teens
A.It made her life less organized.
B.It benefited her studying performance
C.It offered her different career choices.
D.It greatly reduced her negative feelings
2.What tiny change did the author have in her life later
A.Making more small achievements.
B.Showing little concern for the to-do list.
C.Paying less attention to wins and losses.
D.Combining to-do lists with have-done lists.
3.Which of the following words can best describe the author
A.Determined and disciplined. B.friendly and careful.
C.Adventurous and responsible. D.Generous and outgoing
4.What can we learn from the author's experience
A.Never stop pushing ourselves hard. B.Don't forget to celebrate our achievements.
C.The road to growth is full of ups and downs D.All that matters is to grasp the correct method
5.Which statement is not true according to the passage
A.The author would mark the to-do lists after he had finished them when he was a teen.
B.The habit of keeping to-do lists prevent the author from relaxing himself.
C.The author rethought the things he had achieved to measure his self-worth and value.
D.The disadvantages of the to-do lists has taken the place of the benefits
六
Zhurong, China's first Mars rover, sends back a photo of the planet's surface.
On May15, China’s Tianwen I probe made a historic landing on Mars! People all over the world applauded the successful landing. as it was very hard to pull off(成功)。
In July 2020,Tianwen I was launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Center. In February, the probe entered Mars’ orbit.Experts said the difficulty of sending the probe into orbit was equal to hitting a golf ball from Paris and landing it in a hole in Tokyo.But it still couldn't match the difficulty of the final landing stage,which is also called the "nine minutes of terror(恐怖)”.How did Tianwen I do it Let's take a look
Nine minutes of terror
Within nine minutes,the probe had to slow its speed from 20.000 km per hour to zero,landing from 125km above Mars.Since the probe is 320 million km away from Earth,there is a signal delay(延迟)of over 10 minutes if the research team tries to control it from Earth. So the probe had to carry out the landing by itself !
The drag(空气阻力)created by the atmosphere slowed it down first. During this process, the surface of the craft heated up to 2,100 C,which could melt the craft! Fortunately,it had a heat shield(抗热涂层)to protect it.
Next,a parachute(降落伞)opened to further reduce the craft's speed.This was also a dangerous process,as the parachute's ropes could break due to(由于)the craft's high speed. Researchers used special materials to make the ropes strong enough to stay in one piece.
At 1.5 km above Mars,the craft fired its retrorockets(反向火箭)as another way to help it slow down.A! 100 meters, the craft stayed in the air and used its sensors(传感器)to check the landing area.It had to move away from obstacles(碍物) such as rocks before finally touching down
Following the US, China is now the second country in the world to successfully land a probe(探测器)on Mars.It will give Chinese scientists their first opportunity to closely study the Red Planet. Tianwen I makes it to Mars.
1.When did the probe enter Mar’s orbit
A.In July 2020. B.In February 2021. C.On May 15,2021. D.In July 2021.
2.How far away was the probe from Earth while landing on Mars
A.1.5km. B.125 km. C.20,000 km D.320 million km
3.Why docs the craft have a heat shield
A. To reduce drag. B.To heat up the atmosphere.
C.To mate the landing process faster. D. To protect it from melting.
4.What worked to slow down the probe just before its touchdown
A. The drag created by the atmosphere. B.Ropes made of special materials.
C.A parachute. D. Retrorockets.
5.What is the focus of the passage
A.Why Tianwen I's landing was out of control. B.How Tianwen I landed on Mars successfully
C.Tanwen I's journey to Mars D.The launch of Tianwen I .
七
Napping(午睡)is a great way to feel rested and alert(机警的)-and some research shows it can do good to our brain. Albert Einstein and Leonardo da Vinci were all famous nappers.However,you may want to consider how long you have to sleep before heading to bed for your midday nap.
If you need to be alert right after waking up,so-called“power naps”of 10-30 minutes are recommended.Longer naps may cause some sleepiness after you wake up and you need some time to feel better. But drinking coffee directly before a nap may help you wake up without feeling sleepy.
"A recent study from China has even suggested that daily afternoon napping is connected with better cognitive function(认知功能)in older adults. The researchers asked 2.200 over-70s about their napping habits before testing their memory and language skills. They found that those who usually napped performed better than those who didn't..
But nap length may make a difference here-a similar study showed that those who usually napped for 30-90 minutes had better overall cognition(认知)compared to those who napped for longer or shorter, or who didn’t nap at all. The reasons why short naps are so good for alertness are not well understood. It's possible that napping helps the brain clean up sleep-inducing(助眠的)products that would otherwise inhibit brain activity
Although napping has many advantages,it is not recommended for people who suffer from insomnia(失眠). That’s because naps may make those people harder to fall asleep when going to bed in the evening . Naps should also be avoided in situations where great performance is needed right after the nap, as it may take some time to fully wake up.
( )1 Why does the writer mention Albert Einstein
A.To show famous people all love napping. B.To prove napping is a great habit.
C.To encourage people to nap every day D.To advise readers to learn from him.
( )2.If you will take a math test right after noon, what should you do
A.Avoid having a nap. B.Have a two-hour nap.
C.Sleep for less than 10 minutes. D.Drink a cup of coffee before your nap.
( )3What can we learn about the study in the third paragraph
All of the 2.200participants(参与者)had napping habits
The researchers did some tests on some old people
Short naps have bigger influence than longer naps
D.The older people are,the longer nap they need.
( )4What do the underlined words "inhibit brain activity"mean
A.To help the brain work better B.To stop the brain from working
C.To make the brain less active D.To allow the brain to fall asleep
( )5.Which question is answered in the last paragraph
A.Who doesn't need a nap B.Where can you have a good nap
C.Why should everyone have a nap D. How long should you nap every day
八
Part of Earth’s beauty comes from its oceans. Oceans scientists study the chemical make-up of the ocean, weather patterns, the geography of the ocean floor, and many other areas. Their work is exciting, although sometimes dangerous. Using technology to do certain tasks helps. For example, robotic arms are used for very dangerous tasks.
One basic part of ocean study is understanding waves and how they work. Wind is the great maker of waves. The waves we know are mostly produced by winds blowing over the sea. They are directly connected with the wind speed and the time that wind lasts.
Sometimes ocean life can be seen in the wave. Living things seem to be staying within the wave, moving slowly inside it as if they were weightless. Besides the beauty of waves, scientists are interested in their technical ways. The diagram of waves shows how scientists examine waves. Waves are measured from the top (crest) to the bottom(trough). This allows scientists to find out the height of a wave. They also measure waves from crest (浪尖) to crest to determine the length of a wave.
the diagram of wave
During serious storms, huge waves might cut a sea ship. Ships are at great risk of winding up as broken pieces after being hit by the force of a huge wave. By understanding the ocean, scientists can prevent this breakup of ships by predicting when the water will be too dangerous for people and their ships. The study of waves and the ocean also allows scientists to make sure how certain beaches were formed. By studying the oceans, a great deal can be learnt about the surface we live on.
1. Why are robotic arms used
A. Certain tasks are very dangerous. B. The tasks are exciting.
C. The oceans are beautiful. D. They are many studying areas.
2. What can we learn from the second paragraph
A. Waves can make wind. B. Most waves are produced by winds.
C. Scientists make most waves. D. Waves have nothing to do with wind.
3. What is the meaning of “the length of a wave” according to Paragraph 3
A. The beauty of huge waves. B. The technical way to study the sea.
C. The distance from crest to crest of a wave.
D. The distance from the top to the bottom of a wave.
4. Which of the following statements are right according to the passage
① Scientists can decide the weather patterns. ② We can’t find living things in the waves.
③ By studying the ocean, scientists can prevent the breakup of ships.
④ The study of waves helps scientists know how certain beaches were formed.
A. ①③ B. ②④ C. ③④ D. ②③
5. Where is the passage probably from
A. A diary. B. A fairy tale.
C. A travel guide. D. A science magazine.
九
Global Positioning Systems (全球定位系统) are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. However，they can also cause a lot of problems，sending you to the wrong place or leaving you completely lost. Many times，the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS mistake is responsible. Most often，says Barry Brown，it is a combination of the two.
Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. He told about an incident involving a friend who had flown to the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS equipped car to use during his stay.
Mr. Brown says，“They just plugged (插) in an address and then set off to their destination. And，then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in their home address on the West Coast. So again，the GPS is kind of‘garbage in garbage out’．”
Mr. Brown says this is a common human error，but what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings of GPS equipment. He says，“One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Sometimes that means it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know，and it’s going to the wrong place.”
Barry Brown have written a paper based on his research. The paper lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand.
To make GPS systems better, says the paper, we need a better understanding of how drivers，passengers and GPS systems work together.
1. According to Barry Brown，in most cases，________are blamed for the problems.
human errors
GPS errors
errors caused by both drivers and GPS
errors caused by putting in a wrong address
2. What does the underlined phrase “garbage in garbage out” most probably imply in the third paragraph
Rubbish in rubbish out.
GPS is just as smart as human beings.
The GPS system is useless.
GPS will not correct human errors.
3. What is one of the GPS’s shortcomings according to Mr. Brown
It provides turn to turn for the driver.
The screen is too small to be seen clearly.
It has the latest maps in the device.
It doesn’t give the driver the overview.
4. What can be inferred from the whole passage
A GPS system is not always reliable.
Maps nowadays are not correctly printed.
A larger screen is needed in a car.
A GPS system tells you where to turn.
5. What is mainly talked about in the passage
GPS system is very important for drivers.
GPS system is useless in guiding our drive.
GPS system has weakness.
How GPS system works to help drivers find their way.
十
What comes to mind when you hear the phrase “space meat” It sounds quite weird. But in fact, it could very well be the future of the human diet.
A Russian astronaut recently “grew” meat aboard the International Space Station. Yes, you read that right --he grew it using cells (细胞) provided by an Israeli company called Aleph Farms. But in fact, he was not the first person to create lab-grown (实验室培育的) meat. Dutch scientist Mark Post grew the first lab meat in 2013.
But why bother growing meat in a lab when we can get the real thing from cows For one thing, lab-grown meat is healthier. “We gain greater control over what the meat consists of (由……组成), for example its fat content,” Post said in an interview with The Atlantic. Lab-grown meat is also free of the chemicals that are used on farms, such as pesticides (农药) and growth hormones (激素).
Are there other ways to replace (代替) regular meat McDonalds is trying to do so with the P.L.T., which stands for plant, lettuce and tomato. The first P.L.T. burgers are already being sold in Canada, according to the fast food company.
The “meat” in the P.L.T. is made out of Beyond Meat, a plant-based meat substitute (替代品) created by a company from Los Angeles, US. The company uses pea, rice and bean proteins to produce patties (肉饼) that look and taste like real meat.
Experts doubt whether these products are healthier than real meat. But they have already proven to be a success, with several fast food companies already offering such products on their menus, according to Fox Business.
1. What did the Russian astronaut do recently
A. He grew meat on the International Space Station.
B. He provided cells for an Israeli company.
C. He built a lab for growing meat in space.
D. He created the first lab-grown meat in the world.
2. Why is lab-grown meat healthier than real meat
A. Because it is made from healthy cells.
B. Because it is produced in clean labs.
C. Because lab meat doesn’t consist of fat.
D. Because producers can control what’s in the meat.
3.What does the word bother in Para 3 mean
A. 兄弟 B. 费工夫 C. 吹牛 D. 打破
4. According to the story, P.L.T. burgers _____.
A. taste better than normal burgers.
B. are made out of plant protein.
C. are already being sold in the US.
D. are served by many fast food companies.
5. What do experts think of plant-based meat products
A. They will be the future of the human diet.
B. They are free from harmful chemicals.
C. They might not be healthier than real meat.
D. They have already proven to be a success.
参考答案
一 1-5 CDBAD
二 1-5 ACDDB
三 1-5 DCBDA
四 1-5 BCDCA
五 1-5 BDABD
六 1-5 BDDDB
七 1-5 BABCA
八 1-5 ABCCD
九 1-5 DACAC
十 1-5ADBBC