中考英语语法课件：英语句子分层次讲解（结构，时态，全面细致，通俗易懂）

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英语句子分层次讲解
-高山英语空中课堂
本节课需要掌握内容
英语句子可以从整体分三类
第一：be动词/there be/实义动词三类
第二：英语句子“横向”陈述句按句子12345
We study English at home every day.
第三：英语句子可以“纵向”时态学习分析
eg:以study为例可分为原型/三单形式/- ing /-ed/ to do/have done等。
第四：常规句子结构剖析
第五：中英文句子顺序对比之定语和状语位置
1人称
2动词
3其它
4地点
5时间
言简意赅化繁杂为简单
Be动词句子基本分三种
be 动词类句子又可分为三类
第一：主语＋be+名词类
We are Chinese.
They are students.
第二：主语＋be+地点
We are in China.
They are in America.
第三：主语＋be+形容词
We are happy.
They are unhappy.
思考：不同的be 动词时态形式，句子又会有变化
什么是什么
谁在哪里
谁怎么样
There be 句型因时态搭配词变化
There be句型最基本掌握过去现在和将来三种
There is a big tree in front of my house.
There was a small tree in front of my house ten years ago.
There will be two trees in front of my house in two years.
There is going to be a concert this evening.
there be 跟特殊搭词类搭配变体句型
I remember there used to be a lot of fish in the lake.Now it has been polluted.
There must be something wrong with my left arm.
There be＋特殊搭配2
There be+sb/sth doing sth.
There are two dogs lying under the tree.
There is a car waiting outside.
There is no+n.+to do something.
There is no need to thank me. I am only doing my job.
Please don’t give up hope. There is no reason to lose heart.
There be-3
There ＋ live /come /lie/ stand （动词替代be）
There came shouts for help from the river.
Once upon a time,there lived an old man named Yu Gong.
There＋seem to be/appear to be/happen to be
There seems to be something wrong with the bike.
There happened to be nobody around.
（横向）口诀化实义动词的句子成分
常规概念中的主谓宾表定状补如何一句话掌握？只需要按口诀“句子12345”来记忆即可轻松学会。然后在此基础上修改为否定句或一般疑问句或特殊疑问句。即使“复杂”从句系列也是“大句子套小句子”，大小句子都会含有“句子12345”。
特殊句型除外！（单独记忆积累）
例如：
I am a teacher. (123)
I love basketball.(123)
We can speak Chinese.(123)
Tom /plays/ football/ on the playground /every day.(12345)
Tom and his classmates play football hard on the playground every day and night.（12345）
一人称
二动词
三其它
四地点
五时间
注意！
说明：定语，补语，同位语等对于初级学习者逐步过渡学习（细枝末节的成分就像我们炒菜用的油盐酱醋，慢慢“添加”！）
按口诀找出下列句子的12345
We study English in the room every morning.
Tom studies English and Chinese in the room every day and every night.
We are studying English in the room now.
I have studied more than two thousand English words up to now.
He told me that he was studying English in his room at that moment last night.他告诉我昨晚他在他的房间里学英语呢（宾从）
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.（状从）我的朋友都不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.（定从）
北京是我的出生地
1
2
3
4
5
（纵横）实义动词为核心的时态
I basketball at school every day. （1）
Tom football on the playground every day.（1）
we basketball on the playground at the moment.（2）
Tom football on the playground now.（2）
we football in the gym tomorrow morning.（3）
Tom table tennis in the gym tomorrow morning.（3）
They computer games in the gym at 8 last night.（4）
I basketball in the gym for more than 20 years.（5）
Tom computer games in the room for over 8 years.（5）
play
plays
are playing
is playing
will play
is going to play
were playing
have played
has played
句子“横”和“纵”大家总结出什么要点呢？
（纵向）实义动词为核心的时态2
I computer games at home last night.
（6）一般过去时态
I basketball in the gym for half an hour before my son came back.
（7）过去完成时态
Tom he would go to play basketball in Beijing the next weekend.（8）过去将来时态
留意主从复合句中子句仍旧是可以“句子12345的成分”
句子“横向”按句子12345套用公式，“纵向”动词时态把握好，对于后期读懂长难句和用对动词都有很大的帮助作用
played
had played
said
常规概念句子基本结构铺垫
一.主语+系动词+表语
eg. He is an English man.
二.主+谓(主语+不及物动词)
eg. We study hard.
三.主+谓+宾(主语+及物动词+宾语)
eg.Lucy enjoys music.
四.主+谓 +双宾(主语+及物动词+间宾+直宾)
eg.Tom left John a message.
五.主+谓+宾+宾补(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补)
eg.The news made us excited.
划出句中动词-英语句子缺“2”不可
中英文语序对比之定语
常规前置定语（跟中文顺序一致）
We have books.(形容词)
The girl is my classmate.（非谓ving）
boys need pens.(数词)
boy needs pen.（代词或所有格）
The boy needs a pen.（名词）
new
dancing
Two
two
His
Tom's
ball
形象比喻提示：一般“短小”的词汇做前置定语。
中英文语序对比之后置定语1
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.
教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom.
穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.
有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
介词短语作后置定语
中英文语序对比之后置定语2
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
There is nothing to do today.
今天无事要做。
The pen bought by her is made in China.
她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys’ pens left.
有五个留下的男孩的钢笔。
特别提示：过去分词/分词短语，介词短语，动词不定式放在修饰词之后，做后置定语。
副词必须后置
短语类往往作后置定语
中英文语序对比之后置状语1
副词（短语）作状语： ｛ ｝
The boy needs a pen very much.
男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy really needs a pen.
男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（不确定程度状语置于动词之前）
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.
男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（ ）
状语后置
时间状语位置灵活
中英文语序对比之后置状语2
分词（短语）作状语：｛ ｝
He sitsthere,asking for a pen.
他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。
（原因状语，强调置前）
Frightened,he sitsthere soundlessly.
（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
名词作状语： ｛ ｝
Come this way ! 走这条路！（方向状语）
状语置后
状语置后
句子成分总结
英语最终交流单位为句子，尤其是书面语中的长难句。因此，各种词的概念，变化形式，用法；简单句的了解和运用；中英文之间的语序差异的了解等都是为下一步学习长难句打下坚实基础。
本课件内容学习，适合初一初二初三同学单词量大，但是语法句法掌握不好的同学。
学习本课，需要认真记笔记，勤加复习以及在后续学习中应用到语言学习的实践中去，不断揣摩，研习才能真正掌握各种句型。