人教版高中英语必修三Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars New words and expressions学案（无答案）

Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars学案
Section 1 New words and expressions
1.violent ________________________
2. in time意为______________时相当于early enough, soon enough;
意为___________________时相当于sooner or later。
We got to the station just in time to catch the bus.
=We got to the station just in time for the bus.
用法总结：in time for sth./ in time to do sth. 对于某事是及时的/及时做某事
医生及时赶到救了她的生命。_____________________________________
拓展: kill time ______________
ahead of time____________ all the time____________at one time__________at a time_____
at times ______________ at the same time_____________at no time _____________
from time to time____________in no time____________ take one’s time___________
on time _____________ for the time being______________ once upon a time ____________
She started as an office junior，and ________ became the director of the whole company.
A．in surprise B．in return C．in turn D．in time
3. unlike _______________ Unlike John, Tom dislikes playing football.
4. harmful adj. 有害的 harm n.&v. 损害，伤害
常用结构: be harmful to 对……有害
do harm to sb.= do sb.harm = harm sb. 对……有害；伤害……
①吸烟有害健康。 Smoking ______ ______ ______ your health.
②醉酒对我们的身体有害。Drunkenness does _____ _____ our health.
③It is so nice a dog that won’t do you any ______.
A.ill B.bite C.hurt D.harm
5. lie ----lied----lied----lying
lie----lay-----lain----lying
lay----laid----laid----laying
one day, while we were ________on the grass, he _________to me that he _________ the eggs that the hen had just __________ on the table. I knew he was telling a ____________.
6. exist vi. 存在；生存 (无被动式和进行时) existence n. 存在；生活。
Man cannot exist without air. 没有空气，人就不能生存。
常用结构： exist in 存在于……之中 exist on sth.靠……为生
there exists/existed 某地存在某物
①英语中没有这个字。 That word doesn’t ______ ______ English.
②她只靠牛奶生存。 She ______ only ______ milk.
③在湖边有一棵树。 ______ ______ a tree near the lake.
④I can hardly ______ the wage I’m getting.
A.exist on B.exist C.exist in D.existence
7.give birth to ______________________
She gave birth to three children. I was born in 1998.
8. in one’s turn _______________________
In my turn, I told them a joke.
常用结构：
in turn_____________ by turns______________ take turns (to do sth.)_______________
It’s one’s turn to do sth._______________________
①让我们轮流来做这项实验。 Let’s do this experiment ______ ______ .
②你的态度影响别人，它又将会反过来影响你。
Your attitude affects others which ______ ______ affects you.
③她一阵子发热，一阵子发冷。
She went hot and cold ______ ______ .
④今天该我洗盘子洗碗了。
It’s my turn ______ ______ ______ today.
⑤He gets cheerful and depressed ______.
A.by turns B.take turns C.in turn D.in his turn
9. prevent…from
His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game.
用法点拨：prevent...from = stop...from = keep...from 使……不做……；阻止……做……
prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省, keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省。
1.China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
2.Some policeman should be sent to ______ them ______ the trees.
A.prevent; to cut down B.stop; cutting down C.keep; to cut down D.keep; cutting down
10. puzzle vt. &vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 n.谜；难题
Her reply puzzled me. Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.
常用结构：be a puzzle to sb对某人来说是个谜 puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑
puzzle sth. out 开动脑筋（试图）找出某事物的答案或解决方法
①她几个星期也琢磨不透他那封奇怪的来信。
She’s been ______ ______ his strange letter for weeks.
②老师让学生动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案。
The teacher left the children to ______ ______ the answer to the problem themselves.
puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的 puzzling adj.令人费解的
③She felt ______ about her future.
A.puzzle B.puzzling C.puzzled D.puzzles
11. pull n.&vt.拉(力）；拖；牵引力 反义词:push
You push and I’ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。 I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.
pull ahead (of sb./sth.)领先（于某人/物） pull (sb.) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）
pull sb. down（指疾病）使某人虚弱 pull sth. down毁坏, 拆毁（如旧建筑物）
pull over靠路边停车 pull up使车停住 pull together同心协力；通力合作
①这个队在锦标赛中遥遥领先于其他各队。
The team has ______ ______ ______ ______ the rest in the championship.
②部队在结束战斗以后撤走了。
The army ______ ______ after the battle.
③我到达时, 末班列车刚刚开出。
I arrived as the last train was ______ ______ .
④So long as we ______, there’s no mountain top we can’t conquer.
A.pull out B.pull in C.pull together D.pull back
12.cheer vt. & vi. __________________ cheerful adj.___________cheerless adj._________
He was greatly cheered by the news. The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared.
cheer sb.on为某人加油 cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高兴cheer for为……欢呼，喝彩；给……加油
①赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为运动员加油鼓劲。
The crowd ______ ______ ______ ______ as they started the last lap.
②想到再次见到她，他就高兴起来。
He ______ ______ at the thought of seeing her again.
③咱们去看足球比赛，为我们的校队呐喊助威。
Let’s go to the football game and ______ ______ our school team.
13. now that
“既然，由于”，连词短语，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中that常可省略。
(1)because “因为”，表示理由充分、必然的因果关系，回答以why 开头的问句。
(2)since “既然”，可与 now that 互换，表示显而易见的原因，侧重主句。
(3)as 比 because语气弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因，主句和从句并重，从句说明原因，主句说明结果。
(4)for “因为”，并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，对上文起补充说明作用。
Now that(＝since)the kids have left home，we've got a lot of extra space.既然孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就宽敞了。
As you were out，I left a message.你出去了，所以我留了一张字条儿。
He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.昨天他没参加会议是因为他病了。
We listened eagerly，for he brought news of our families. 我们急不可待地听着，因为他带来了我们家人的消息。
14. break out (灾难、战争等) 突发；爆发 ________________________________
Trouble may break out at any moment. When did the war break out
温馨提示：break out指战争、火灾等的爆发或疾病的突发，无被动语态。
常用结构：
break down ____________________break in ___________ break into ______________
break off 折断；突然中止；断绝；结束 break through ________________
break up ________________ break away from ________________________
①他一句话只说了一半就停住了。 He ______ ______ in the middle of a sentence.
②你们什么时候放圣诞节假 When do you ______ ______ for Christmas
③双方谈判已经破裂。 Negotiations between the two sides have ______ ______ .
④上星期有人闯入他的房屋。 His house was ______ ______ last week.
He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system _______.
A. broke in B. broke up C. broke out D. broke down
15. watch out for = look out for __________________
Watch out! _______________________
watch it 当心，小心 watch over 照看；看守 keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视
[即学即练]
(1) ______ ______！ There is a car coming! 当心！有车来了！
(2)______ ______ ______ cars while crossing the road. 过马路时要当心车辆。
1.He exists ______ bread and water.
A.on B.in C.by D.with
2. The villagers were often in ______ clashes with each other in those years before the agreement was reached.
A.interesting B.peaceful C.violent D.spiritual
3.Freezing winter is harmful ______ orange trees.
A.for B.to C.of D.at
4.Everything went well according ______ plan.
A.to B.with C.for D.as
5.The boy lying under the tree lied to his friends that his cock ______ eggs.
A.lied B.laid C.lay D.lain
6. ______ you do it, you’d better do it well.
A.Now that B.After C.Although D.As soon as
7.His health ______ because of working too hard.
A.has gotten down B.has put down
C.has broken down D.has gone down
8.Don’t get ______ the burning building, or you’ll get hurt.
A.next to B.known to C.close to D.familiar to
9.That hotel is always full because it offers a friendly ______ and personal service.
A.surface B.atmosphere
C.system D.appearance
短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My young cousin Tom seems to have endless question to ask every day. One day, he asked me how life on earth began after watch a film. To be honest, the question remains a puzzle to me. Therefore, in order not to let him down, I found the answer in a book. It says, “Long ago the earth was a cloud dust. The dust settled into a solid globe before billions of years. The earth became such violent that it exploded loud. Then water, that is important for life to develop, began to appear. As the time went on, different life forms began.”