2022年中考英语二轮专项训练名词课件(共36张PPT)

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名称 2022年中考英语二轮专项训练名词课件(共36张PPT)
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更新时间 2022-03-14 22:51:13

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(共36张PPT)


什么是名词?
你能举例说明吗?
名词的概念:
用来表示_____,_____,_______或___________的名称。
人 事物 时间 抽象概念
名词的分类
名词
1._______: China,September,Edison,Harry Poter
专有名词
2._________:
普通名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
可数吗?
可数吗?
book, girl, cat, man
family, class, people
water, wood, steel ,beef
health, happiness, ability, honesty
3.____________: blackboard, grandfather,schoolbag
复合名词
名词的分类
名词
专有名词:China,September,Edison,Harry Poter
主要指人名,地名,江河湖海名称,书名,歌曲名,机构名,月份,节日或,某一事物特有的名称。
考点解析:
1.专有名词的第一个字母必须大写,但其中的冠词,介词的首字母可以小写。
the United Kingdom the Olympic Games
2.有普通名词构成的专有名词,一般加the
the Mid-Autumn Festival
如果强调整体谓语动词用单数,如果强调个体含义谓语动词用复数,避免主谓不一致。
* Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.
她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。
常见的集体名词:
family class team group police
名词的分类
名词
普通名词——集体名词
class
family
team
group
单数:____________ 复数:___________
单数:____________ 复数:___________
单数:____________ 复数:___________
单数:____________ 复数:___________
people
police
翻译:____________ 看作___________
翻译:____________ 看作___________
名词的分类
名词
普通名词——物质名词
用来指无法分为个体的物质,材料,液体等名称的词。
wood 木料 bread 面包 water 水
考点解析:
这类词一般都是不可数名词。
名词的分类
名词
普通名词——抽象名词
用来指人或事物的品质,情感,状态,动作等抽象概念及学科,疾病等的名词。
考点解析:
hunger celebration honesty love
名词的数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
一般可用a,an,one来修饰
a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前
*a book
* an English book
* an hour an honest boy
*an umbrella a useful book
单数的表达
名词的复数形式
1.规则变化
(1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/
* dog – dogs * book – books
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/
*box – boxes *watch – watches
*dish – dishes * bus – buses
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/
*country–countries *factory – factories * family – families *lady –ladies
请区别:如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”
* boy – boys holiday-holidays * monkey – monkeys toy – toys
名词的复数形式
1.规则变化
(1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/
* dog – dogs * book – books
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/
*box – boxes *watch – watches
*dish – dishes * bus – buses
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/
*country–countries *factory – factories * family – families *lady –ladies
请区别:如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”
* boy – boys holiday-holidays * monkey – monkeys toy – toys
(4) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/
* half – halves * shelf – shelves
* knife – knives * leaf – leaves
半片(half)树叶(leaf) 自己(self)黄,
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf)
架后小偷(thief)逃命(life)亡.
(5) 以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.
potato,tomato,hero除外
* piano – pianos * zoo – zoos
potato – potatoes tomato – tomatoes
child--children
woman--women
sheep
man--men
NOUN.
2.不规则变化:
(1)变元音字母oo为ee
tooth – teeth foot – feet
(2).变man为 men
man – men woman – women policeman – policemen
frenchman – Frenchmen
German(德国人) – Germans
(“中日”不变“英法”变,其余s加后面)
3没有规律
child –children mouse – mice
考点解析:
4.特殊形式的名词复数
1)单复数同形的名词:
sheep deer fish Japanese Chinese
2)常以复数形式出现的名词:
people clothes shoes socks tears
trousers falls glasses thanks
这些名词作主语时,注意它们的谓语用复数
* My clothes are newer than yours.
可数名词可以被a, an, one, two以及 how many,many,a few,few,any,lots of, a lot of , some等修饰
*There are a few people in the park.
*How many knives are there in your pencil-box
名词的用法
不可数名词的用法
物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water,rice,fish,meat 等。
work chalk time space music
money weather homework
wood information news medicine
1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数,多个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数
*Some bread ——over there.
*No news —— good news.
* Bread and milk ——used for breakfast
is
is
are
2.不可数名词不能直接被a, an, one, two等修饰,常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any等修饰
*They had much money.
*He does little housework at home.
* a rice (X) * two bread (X)
* a bag of rice
* two pieces of bread
3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量,但单位后面的可数名词用复数,不可数名词形式不变
*a bag of apples
*a piece of paper
*three glasses of orange
有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化,
同一个词,但意思不同
glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯)
work(工作) – a work(著作)
time(时间) – times(次数)
考点解析:

名词的所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”
一.有生命的名词所有格的构成方法
1.一般情况下,在名词后加“’s”
Kangkang’s father Lucy’s book
2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可
Teachers’ office The Greens’ house

3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”
* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
4. 表示时间,距离,路程,国家等无生命的事物名词的所有关系
今天的报纸 today ’ s newspaper
十分钟的路 ten minute s ’ walk
世界的人口 the world ’ s population

无生命的事物名词所有关系用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语。
*the color of the wall
* a map of China
*a picture of the classroom
重难点突破
Our hospital needs two___doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try.
A. women B. man
C.woman D. men
D
2. June 1st is ____Day. All the Children enjoy it very much.
A. Children B. Childrens’
C. Children’s D. Child
3. The two bedroom are the ____.
A. twins B. twin’s C .twins’ D. twins
C
C
1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数
* There are three banana trees over there.
2. man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致
*We need a man teacher.
*They are all women workers.
3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式
a sports star *a clothes shop
名词的所有格
2. This pair of shorts___too expensive. I can’t afford____.
are, them B. are, it
C. is, them D. is, it
当出现“单位+of+名词”时,谓语动词应根据“单位”单复数决定。
This pair of shoes is nice.
比较:The shoes are nice.
Here are two pieces of news.
比较:The news is wonderful.
重难点突破
C
3. The model plane was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older
C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old
当数词与单位名词一起构成复合形容词做定语时, 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。
*He is a fourteen-year-old boy.
*This is a two-hour plan.
重难点突破
C
★名词所有格的几个注意点
1) 可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略
* my aunt’s ( home) (我姑姑家)
* go to the teachers’ ( office)(去老师办公室)
5. Where is Tom
---He has gone to the _____.
A. teacher B. teachers
C. teacher’s D. teachers’
D
6. Lucy is ____ sister.
A. Mary and Jack
B. Mary’s and Jack’s
C. Mary and Jacks
D. Mary and Jack’s
重难点突破,你知道这道题的考点吗?
D
2)表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”
* Lucy and Lily’s room
露西和莉莉的房间(两人共有一间房间)
请区别: Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms
Look at that old man. He is____.
a friend of my B. a friend of mine
C. A me's friend D. a my friend
3)物主代词与a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any等词共同修饰名词时,需用双重所有格,其构成为
of+'s
of+名词性物主代词
B
重难点突破,你知道这道题的考点吗?
It’s ____from our school to my home.
A. ten minutes’ walk B. ten minute’s walk
C. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk
名词所有格(’s)也可以用于无生命东西, 主要用
于时间,度量衡等名词之后
two months’ vacation a mile’s distance
此表达可以和合成形容词互换
two months’ vacation= two-month vacation
a mile’s distance= a - mile distance
A
重难点突破,你知道这道题的考点吗?
1 . Could you please get me some ________ I’m hungry.(重庆中考第24题)
A. apple B. water
C. bread D. egg
2. Something is wrong with my___. I can’t see anything around me.(重庆中考第22题)
A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth
3. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many ______ in it. (重庆中考第23题)
A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water
直击中考
C
C
A
4. --- How far is your cousin’s home from here
--- It’s about two ____drive.(重庆中考第34题)
A. hour’s B. hours C. hours’ D. hour
5. Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite ______(重庆中考第25题)
A worker B. teacher C. dancer D. player
6.All the ______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday. (年重庆中考第24题)
A.man B. men C. woman D. women
直击中考
C
D
D