课件16张PPT。The Attributive Clause定 语 从 句
一、定义：用来修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句
被修饰的名词、词组或代词称为先行词；
二、关系词和先行词的关系：
关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行
词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。常用的关系词有：
关系代词：who / whom (先行词表示人)
which (先行词表示物)
that / whose (先行词表示人或物)
关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；
可以和介词连用的关系代词：whom, which
关系副词： when=on+which (表示时间)
where =in+which(表示地点)
why=for+which(表示原因)
注意：关系副词在从句中充当状语。
三．按关系词种类再学习
1．由that引导的定语从句
一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，但不能置于介词之后，如不能用in that, 只能是 in which。如：The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．
2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句
who在从句中作主语,有时也可以代替whom做宾语；whom在从句中作宾语；whose在从句中作定语。如：
1） This is the thief who stole my bike．
2）He is the boy whom you wanted to find．
3） The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．3．由which引导的定语从句
which指物，在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语。如：
1)The book which Mum bought me last week is very good.
2) The house which was built last year belongs to them.
4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句
where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。如：
1) I will never forget the day when ( on which ) I joined the League．
2) He will go back to the school where (in which ) he studied next week．
3)I don't know the reason why (for which) he quarreled with Zhang Lin．
四．注意点
(1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。
如：The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3.
(2) 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
如：This is the house (that/ which )we lived in last year.= This is the house in which we lived last year.
(3)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
例如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(4)注意定于从句中，先行词与关系代词可合成what 的用法 ：
Please tell me what you said just now. = Please tell me the things that you said just now.
He showed me what he had written. = He showed me the things that he had written.
可以看到部分定语从句中，先行词+关系词 可以换作what。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：
a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？
在桌子底下的那是什么？
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。例如：
This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为物时用which， 而不用that。如：
The necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.
(6)关系词只能用who, 而不用 that 的情况。
a. 当先行词泛指代词he，they，people或指示代词those等时，常用who。如：?
He?who?does?no?work?gets?no?pay.
不工作的人是没有报酬的。?
We?are?in?need?of?those?who?can?work hard.
我们需要那些努力工作的人。
b. 不定代词one，ones，anyone等作先行词时，多用who。如：?
One?who?works?without?complain?is?welcome?here．
c. 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词为人时一般要用?who，不用that。如：?
The man, who comes from France, helped us at last.
（7）关系词只能用that,不用who或which的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、
形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam.
b.被修饰的先行词为all, few, little, much, everything,
anything，nothing，none等不定代词时，只能用that，而不
用which。
例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ c.先行词被all, every, the only，the very，the same，the last，little， few, any, no 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.
这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which。例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？
2012年中考真题再现【2012贵州贵阳】37. “What do you think of the school uniforms?” “Very good. I like clothes ______ make me feel comfortable.”
A. that B. what C. who
【2012广东】42. There will be a flower show in the park ____ we visited last week.
who B. when C. what D. Which
【2012广西玉林】37. —Now many people smoke and get ill.
—So we should do something ______ can help stop smoking.
A. what B. who C. / D. that
【2012 湖北黄石】30.I still remember the time _____ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.
A. when B. what C. who D. which
【2012湖北十堰】38. One of the most delicious drinks _________ I like is orange juice.
A. which B. that C. whose D. whomADDDB【2012湖北随州】35. —There are so many girls over
there. Which one is your sister?
—The one ______hat is yellow.
A. who B. whose C. that D. which
【2012湖北咸宁】29. We all like the story about the teacher _______ happened in our school last week.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
【2012江苏扬州】12. Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teacher _______ gave her love to her students in danger.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
【2012广东省梅州市】35. Mr. Smith __________ is smoking is looking for________ she lost yesterday.
A. whom; which B. who; what C. that; who D. which; whereBABB【2012河南】33. Success will belong to those ________never say "impossible".
A. whom B. what C. who D. which
【2012 山东滨州】33. —What are you looking for?
—I'm looking for the ring ______my husband bought me last year.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
【2012山东泰安】38. I hate people ______ talk much but do little.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
【2012四川达州】23. —Do you enjoy My heart will
go on?
—No, I prefer songs _____ loud.
A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are CAAC【2012四川宜宾】26. This is the primary school _____ I studied three years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
【2012天津】44. Please pass me the cartoon book _________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
【2012浙江嘉兴】21. Most students like the teachers____ understand them well
A. who B. when C. what D. which
【2012贵州黔东南州】29_ --- Do you know the
girl____ is helping the old woman.
-Oh, that's my sister,
A. whom B. whose C. who D. where
【2012山东?东营市】26. Steve Jobs is one of the persons ______ founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (时代).
A. who B. whom C. which D. /ADACAThank you for listening
