2022年高考英语语法知识点讲解--插入语
插入语 一、插入语的分类
一、插入语的分类
1.副词作插入语
frankly 坦率地说 fortunately 幸好 honestly 诚实地说 however 然而 indeed的确
Fortunately,I found the book that I’d lost.
幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。
This machine is up-to-date,indeed.这台机器确实是最新式的。
2.形容词及其短语作插入语
funny 真可笑 true 真的 most important of all 最为重要
needless to say 不用说 strange to say 说也奇怪 worse still 更糟糕的
even better 更好 sure enough 果然
Strange to say,he should have done such a thing.说也奇怪,他竟然做出这样的事。
Most important of all,you each overfulfilled your own task.
更为重要的,你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。
3.分词短语作插入语
broadly speaking 广义上说 frankly speaking 坦率地讲
generally speaking 一般来说 honestly speaking 诚实地讲
narrowly speaking 狭义上说 roughly speaking 大致说来
personally speaking 就个人而言 strictly speaking 严格说来
judging from/by 由……判断 considering ...考虑到
thinking of ...想到 talking of ...谈到
Generally speaking,girls are more interested in literature than boys.
一般说来,女孩比男孩更喜欢文学。
Considering the weather,the sports meet will be put off.考虑到天气,运动会将会被推迟。
Judging from her accent,she must be Arabian.听她的口音,她准是阿拉伯人。
4.不定式短语作插入语
to be brief 简单地说 to be sure的确;当然
to be frank with you 坦白地对你说 to be honest 诚实地说
to tell you the truth 说实话 to begin with 首先
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是 to sum up 总之
To be frank,I don’t quite agree with you.坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。
To tell you the truth,I’m not so interested in the matter.跟你说实话,我对这事兴趣不大。
5.介词短语作插入语
for instance/example 例如 in addition 此外 in fact 事实上
in general 一般说来 in one’s opinion 依某人看来 in other words 换句话说
in short 简而言之 of course 当然
Of course,he did not succeed for the lack of experience.当然,他由于缺乏经验而未成功。
She knows much more about computer science than the other students do,for instance.
例如,她在计算机科学方面就比其他同学懂得多。
6.句子作插入语
(1)陈述句作插入语
I am sure 我敢肯定 I believe 我相信 I wonder 我不知道 you know 你知道
you see 你明白 it seems 看来是 I’m afraid 恐怕 I hope 我希望
Her mother,it seems,is over fifty.她的母亲好像过了50岁。
I think,she has no feeling for your trouble.我想,她对你的遭遇无动于衷。
(2)疑问句作插入语
do you think 你认为 do you know 你知道 do you believe 你相信
do you guess 你猜测 do you suppose 你认为 do you suggest 你建议
When do you suppose they’ll be back? 你认为他们什么时候回来?
What performance do you think we should give at the party?
你看我们在晚会上应该表演什么节目?
(3)其他句式
if you like 如果你愿意的话 that is (to say)也就是说
what’s more 而且 what’s worse 更糟的是
That is,as far as I know,not what he really wants.据我所知,那不是他真正需要的。
You can,if you like,take it home.如果你喜欢,可以拿回家。
插入语 二、插入语的位置
二、插入语的位置
1.句首
Strange to say,he hasn’t got my letter up to now.
说来也奇怪,他到现在还没有收到我的信。
To sum up,success results from hard work.总而言之,成功是艰苦努力的结果。
2.句末
This will be a good beginning,I hope.希望这是一个良好的开端。
We’ll have to book our tickets in advance,I’m afraid.我看我们得提前订票。
3.句中
The play,I think,was both interesting and instructive.这个戏我觉得既有趣又教育人。
This,you know,is just my personal opinion.这,你知道,只是我的个人看法。
插入语 三、插入语的作用
三、插入语的作用
1.起承上启下的作用
Otherwise,we should commit a serious mistake.否则,我们会犯严重错误。
That is to say,we have to study harder.也就是说,我们应该更加努力学习。
2.起解释作用
He is right,I think.我认为他是对的。
The trees in that area,it is said,are mostly over thirty feet tall.
那一带的树据说多数都三十多英尺高。
3.对整句进行解释
Strangely,he has not been here lately.奇怪的是他最近一直没有来。
By the way,where is Xiao Li? 顺便问一问,小李在哪儿?
插入语 四、插入语和状语的区别
四、插入语和状语的区别
1.插入语是在一个句子中插入一个成分,它不是句子的成分,而是表示说话人的态度或进行解释补充说明等。
Frankly,I’d like to listen to music.
坦率地说,我想听音乐。(副词作插入语,表示说话人的态度)
True,your daughter is at home now.
真的,你女儿现在在家。(形容词作插入语)
Judging from what he said,he does look down upon his elder brother.
由他的话判断,他的确看不起他哥哥。(现在分词作插入语,说话者的附加说明)
To tell you the truth,he doesn’t quite agree with this idea.
说实话,他不同意这个观点。(不定式作插入语,说话者的附加说明)
2.状语主要修饰谓语动词,也可以修饰形容词或副词。
Here you should speak frankly.
在这里你应该说实话。(副词frankly修饰动词speak)
He came back,hungry and tired.
他回来了,又饥又渴。(形容词作伴随状语,说明came back的状况)
Seeing from the window,he can see the lake.
从窗口看,他能看见这个湖。(现在分词作状语,修饰see)
To buy the machine,he went to Beijing.
为买机器,他去了北京。(不定式作目的状语,修饰went)
【比较】
①Honestly,I do not remember the first time I met him.
老实说,我不记得是什么时候第一次见到他。(honestly作插入语,表示说话人的态度)
②He honestly told me the result of the examination.
他诚实地告诉了我检查的结果。(honestly修饰told作状语)
【高考演练】
1.【全国大纲卷】________ the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.
A.Not do only B.Do not only C.Only not do D.Not only do
【答案】D 考查倒装句。句意:护士们不仅要求涨工资而且也要求减少劳动时间。此处后面的but also 被省略,not only引导的句子置于句首时,要部分倒装。故选D。
2.【全国大纲卷】________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.
A.Calling B.Call C.To call D.Having called
【答案】B 考查特殊句式。句意:明天给我打电话,我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句,故用动词原形。故选B。
3.【福建】The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,________,reaching 30℃ in summer.
A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so
【答案】B 考查省略句。句意:这儿的气候很宜人。在夏天时,气温很少达到30℃,如果曾经有过的话。根据句意可知,条件句应该是if the temperature ever reaches 30℃ in summer,其省略形式if ever正确。if not 如果不;if any 如果(有)任何(……);if so 如果这样。故选B。
4.【福建】It was the culture,rather than the language,________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A.where B.why C.that D.what
【答案】C 考查强调句型。句意:正是文化而非语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。本句去掉it was和that之后,剩余部分仍然能够构成一个结构正确、意义完整的句子,故确定其为强调句型,故选C。
5.【湖南】Only when you can find peace in your heart________good relationships with others.
A.will you keep B.you will keep C.you kept D.did you keep
【答案】A 考查倒装句。句意:只有当你内心感觉平和时,你才能与别人保持良好的关系。副词only 位于句首,引起部分倒装,可排除B、C;根据时间状语从句中的时态可排除D项。故选A。
6.【湖南】________ what you’re doing today important,because you’re trading a day of your life for it.
A.Make B.To make C.Making D.Made
【答案】A 考查祈使句。句意:使你今天正在做的变得重要,因为你正在用你生命中的一天与之交换。题干中逗号后是一个原因状语从句,因此前面必须是一个主句才能成立。只有用动词原形才能构成一个祈使句,才是一个完整的句子。故选A。
7.【湖南】It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do________makes life happy.
A.that B.which C.what D.who
【答案】A 考查强调句型。句意:使生活变得更加快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事,而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。这里是强调句型,把it’s和that 去掉之后,句子仍成立。故选A。
8.【陕西】No sooner________stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A.had Mo Yan B.Mo Yan had C.has Mo Yan D.Mo Yan has
【答案】A 考查特殊句式。no sooner ...than ...引导时间状语从句,且当no sooner 位于主句句首时,主句用部分倒装形式,即将主句谓语中的助动词、系动词或情态动词提到其主语前,故选A。
9.【四川】Was it because Jack came late for school________Mr Smith got angry?
A.why B.who C.where D.that
【答案】D 考查特殊句式。句意:是不是因为杰克上学迟到老师才生气的?此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句,所强调的成分为原因状语从句because Jack came late for school,故用that。故选D。
10.【天津】Give me a chance,________I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
A.if B.or C.and D.while
【答案】C 考查并列句。句意:给我一个机会,我会给你一个绝妙的惊喜。本句是一个表示顺接关系的句子,故用and连接。if表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句;or表示“否则,要不然”,表示一种相反的假设;while意为“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句,若意为“虽然,尽管”,则引导让步状语从句。故选C。
11.【重庆】— I spent two weeks in London last summer.
— Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay,________you?
A.mustn’t B.haven’t C.didn’t D.hadn’t
【答案】C 考查特殊句型的用法。在“...must have done ...”这个表示对过去的推测的句型中,反义疑问句不可用must的任何形式,因为must用于表推测时仅能用于肯定句。若语境中有明确地表示过去的时间状语,反义疑问句必须用过去时的否定式,若没有明确地表示过去的时间状语且强调现状则用完成时。该题中上句有last summer,故选C。
12.【重庆】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course,nor________it a thought.
A.does he even give B.he even gives
C.will he even give D.he will even give
【答案】C 考查倒装。句意:校长既不会允许课程上的变革,也不会对其予以考虑。否定副词nor置于句首时,句子要使用部分倒装。由第一分句中的will 可知,此处应用将来时。故选C。
13.【江西】Never before________seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A.had she B.she had C.has she D.she has
【答案】C 考查倒装句。句意:她以前从没见过网球打得和罗伯特一样好的人。否定副词放在句首,后面的句子用倒装结构。由从句谓语动词及没有与主句动作的具体对比的时态,故选C。
14.【辽宁】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago________having a holiday abroad.
A.he had considered B.had he considered
C.he considered D.did he consider
【答案】D 考查倒装句。句意:直到三年前他从教育行业退休,他才考虑出国度假。Not until 位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。故排除答案A和C。又因为题干中的three years ago 提示要用一般过去时,故选D。
15.【江苏】There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,________?
A.is there B.isn’t there C.is he D.isn’t he
【答案】A 考查反意疑问句。句意:他是无辜的,你的内心对此并不怀疑,是吗?根据句子结构以及选项可知本题考查反意疑问句。that he is innocent是doubt的同位语从句,前面部分为主句。主句中的little为否定词,反意疑问句应用肯定式,故选A。
16.【四川】This is not my story,nor________the whole story.My story plays out differently.
A.is there B.there is C.is it D.it is
【答案】C 考查倒装句式。句意:这不是我的故事,也不是全部的故事。我的故事与这不同。否定词nor 放在句首时,后边的句子应用部分倒装结构。故选C。
17.【重庆】It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic________Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A.when B.that C.after D.since
【答案】选B 考查强调句。句意:在克里斯托弗·哥伦布横跨大西洋80年前,郑和就航行到了东非。强调句基本结构为:It is/was ...that ...。本句被强调部分是时间状语从句80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。故选B。
18.【湖南】It was not until I came here________I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A.who B.that C.where D.before
【答案】B 考查强调句。句意:直到我来到这里,我才意识到这个地方出名不仅仅是因为它的美丽还因为它的气候。本题考查强调句的特殊句式it was not until ...that ...直到……才……。故选B。
19.【江苏】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.________,we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so
【答案】D 考查省略结构。句意:听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话,我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。otherwise 否则,要不然;if not 如果不这样的话;but for that 要不是因为那样;if so 如果这样的话。故选D。
20.【全国Ⅰ】Only when he reached the tea-house________it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A.he realized B.he did realize C.realized he D.did he realize
【答案】D 考查倒装。当only跟状语位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把助动词放在主语的前面。此处only跟时间状语从句when he reached the tea-house位于句首,所以用部分倒装。故选D。