2022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习02名词(原版+解析版)

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名称 2022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习02名词(原版+解析版)
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2022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习02名词(原版)
★★★热点解读★★★
名词是各省市命题热点之一,对名词考查主要集中如下几点:
语境中名词词义辨析;
1、名词的固定搭配;
2、名词的数;
3、名词作定语的用法。
【热点剖析】
【2021江苏南通】3. Our monitor is ________. He never shows off before others.
A. organized B. modest C. generous D. energetic
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:我们的班长很谦虚。他从不在别人面前炫耀。organized有组织的;modest谦虚的;generous慷慨的;energetic精力充沛的;根据“He never shows off before others.”可知,班长是很谦虚的,故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合,要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量,做题时要深入理解语境,整体把握,结合句意作出最佳选择。
★★★知识链接★★★
1.family, house, home
home指家,包括住处和家人,house 房子,住宅,family 家庭成员。
2.sound, voice, noise
sound 自然界各种各样的声音,voice 指人的嗓音,noise指噪音 。
3.photo, picture, drawing
photo 用照相机拍摄的照片;picture 可指相片,图片,影片;drawing指画的画,主要是素描。
4.custom, habit
custom指传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接 to do;habit指生活习惯,后接 of
doing.
5.class, lesson
作“课”解时,两者可以替换。指课文用 lesson,指班级或全体学生用 class.
6. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说;talk指日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话;lecture指学术性的演讲,讲课。
7. country, nation, state, land
country 侧重指版图,疆域;nation 指人民,国民,民族;state 侧重指政府,政体;land
国土,国家
8. police, policeman
police 警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词;policeman 指某个具体的警察。
9. problem, question
problem 常和困难联系,前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise;question常和疑问联系,多和ask, answer 连用。
10.trip, journey, travel
travel 是最常用的,指旅行或普通出行;trip 指短期的具有特定目的的旅行;journey 指稍长的旅途。
11. sport, game
sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等 ; game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则。
12. work, job
二者均指工作。work指无差别的人类劳动,不可数;job指具体某一项工作, 可数, a good job。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年安徽省】5. —Have you ever heard “A thousand-mile journey begins with the first ________”
—Yes. It’s a famous Chinese saying by Laozi.
A. class B. step C. break D. exam
2.【2021年武汉市】12. The idiom(成语) “Mengzi’s mother makes three moves” tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best ________ for her child.
A. experience B. instruction C. environment D. information
3.【2021年长春市】12. We used to buy things in the ____________ but now we usually do it online.
A. shop B. museum C. bank D. library
4.【2021年南京市】12. Yuan Longping was a world-famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice ________ has been increased greatly.
A. population B. contribution C. production D. introduction
5.【2021年江西省】21. Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a ________ about that.
A. pilot B. doctor C. singer D. postman
6.【2021年山西】2. — Jenny, I can’t solve the problems by myself. What should I do
— Maybe working in groups is a good ________.
A. method B. survey C. report
7.【2021年云南省】29. Hi, Mom is a moving film. It has been on for several months in the ________.
A. museum B. bank C. library D. cinema
8.【2021年天津市】5. His beautiful music has brought ________ to people all over the world.
A. difficulty B. pleasure C. weather D. danger
9.【2021年昆明市】9. Zhang Guimei started the first free senior high school for girls to help them get an ________ in Lijiang, Yunnan.
A. education B. invitation C. information D. imagination
10.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】4. Thank you for your ________. I guess I will take it.
A. visit B. advice C. habit D. interview
11.【2021年甘肃天水】7. If the weather is nice, we could have a(n) ________ in the park.
A. picnic B. chance C. place D. idea
12.【2021年广西玉林市】4. —Sam, you forgot to send me your photos last night.
—Sorry, my _______ didn’t work. I couldn’t get online.
A. radio B. MP3 C. computer D. music player
13.【2021年十堰市】3. The ________ of the Sanxingdui Ruins site(三星堆遗址)shocked the world.
A. discovery B. development C. disbelief D. difference
14.【2021年江苏省宿迁市】9. Mr. Huang was born in Nanjing, but Suqian has become his second ________.
A. family B. house C. village D. hometown
15.【2021江苏盐城市】7. Yuan Longping and his team have solved the problem of ________ for many people.
A. hunger B. health C. pollution D. population
16.【2021江苏扬州市】10. — We can always find something good in a bad _______ if we look for it.
— It’s so true. Let’s make full use of what comes.
A. situation B. direction C. instruction D. competition
17.【2021江苏镇江市】9. The TV series The Awakening Age(《觉醒年代》) drew a lot of attention and ________ with a high score of 9.2 on the Internet.
A. power B. wisdom C. praise D. wealth
18.【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】1. _______ can make people happy and want to make greater progress.
A. Fear B. Praise C. Doubt D. Regret
19.【2021山东东营市】10. —I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His _______ on hybrid(杂交)rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A. surveys B. reports C. researches D. achievements
20.【2021山东菏泽市】2. —China’s high-speed railway ________ is leading the world.
—That’s right. It is moving further into the world.
A. technology B. environment C. population
21.【2021浙江省温州市】3. Mike, a 7-year-old boy, has a great talent for ________. He can draw nice pictures though he has never learned it.
A. art B. sport C. music D. science
【热点剖析】
【2021年江苏泰州市】1. The landing of China’s rover (登陆车) Zhurong on Mars shows China has made great ________ in space exploration.
A. progress B. project C. product D. protection
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:中国“朱荣”号火星探测器登陆火星,表明中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大进展。progress进步、进展;project项目;product产品;protection保护。根据“The landing of China’s rover Zhurong on Mars shows China has made great ... in space exploration.”可知,空格处表达取得了“进展”。故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★中考中常常借助名词的固定搭配在具体语境中的运用考查名词。解答此类试题,不仅要掌握名词的意义,体会语境,还要牢记常用的名词固定搭配。如:make progress取得进步;take advantage of利用,趁……之机;make fun of取笑,嘲弄等。
★★★知识链接★★★
抽象名词、物质名词具体化
(1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时,它是一种概念,是不可数名词,但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后,可看作可数名词,一般与不定冠词连用,含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。如:
beauty(美,美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
worry(担心)→a worry(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人)
pity(遗憾)→a pity(一件可惜的事)
surprise(惊奇)→a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)
pleasure(乐趣)→a pleasure(一件有趣的事)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时,是不可数名词,但一旦表示具体物品,就变成了可数名词。如:
coffee(咖啡)→a coffee(一杯咖啡) sand(沙子)→a sand(一片沙滩)
iron(铁)→an iron(一个熨斗) water(水)→a water(一片水域)
抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。如: joy(乐趣)→joys(乐事);difficulty(困难)→difficulties(困难,难做的事)。
还有的用在某些固定短语中,如:have a look(看一下);a few,a little(一些);all of a sudden(突然);make a study of…(对……进行研究);in a hurry(匆忙)等。
5.有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时,便转化为不可数名词
a room(房间)→room(空间);a word(话,词)→word(消息);a space(空地)→space(宇宙,空间);go to school/church/bed/ college,etc(去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等)。
6.有些词只用作不可数名词
fun, advice, news, information, baggage/luggage,bread, homework,housework,juice,weather,progress,practice等。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021山东东营市】5. —I’ve got a “C” in the English test. Can you give me some ________
—Of course. I think reading can help.
A. messages B. information C. suggestions D. instructions
2.【2020辽宁丹东】3.—Jim, I have ________ in finishing so much work.
—Don't worry. I can help you.
A. ability B. success C. experience D. difficulty
【热点剖析】
【2021年重庆市(A卷)】3. There are many ________ teachers in this primary school.
A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s
【答案】C
【解析】考查复合名词的复数。句意:这所小学有许多女教师。many修饰名词复数,woman作定语时,woman与被修饰的名词都要变复数,women teachers女教师,故选C。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题先要确定名词是单数还是复数,掌握名词复数的正确变形。
★★★知识链接★★★
名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1.可数名词的复数
(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加 s;词尾若是s,x,ch,sh,在词尾加 es
desk →desks;dish →dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs
(2)以”辅音字母+y”结尾的词,要变y为i再加 es study →studies
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为 ves leaf →leaves
(4)以字母o结尾的名词,多数加 s piano →pianos
(5)单、复数同形 sheep;deer
(6)单、复数都要加s的名词 works(工厂);means(方法)
有一些例外情况:
(1)巧记以o结尾加 es的名词:黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。(即Negro,hero,tomato和potato四个词)
(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加 s:海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,如果需要表示量,通常要用“a+表量的概念的名词+of+名词”来表示,其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式
a piece of paper一张纸;several pieces of information几条信息。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年广西河池市】1. —Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home
—Ok, mom.
A. egg B. beef C. banana D. potato
2.【2020湖南郴州】4.During the epidemic (疫情) many ________ in our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers.
A. woman doctor B. woman doctors C. women doctors
3.【2020湖北恩施州】2.Wuhan, one of the most important ________ in China, is famous for the Yellow Crane Tower.
A. cities B. citys C. city
4.【2020 四川省达州市中考】— It’s said that the two _________ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.
— Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their _________.
A. woman;sixty B. women;sixtieth C. women;sixties D. woman;sixties
.5.【2020 重庆中考】Would you send me some ________of yours I miss you very much!
A. magazines B. photos C. money D. advice
6.【2020湖南怀化】3.Spending too much ______ playing computer games is bad for your ______.
A. time; eye B. time; eyes C. times; eyes
【热点剖析】【2021年重庆市(B卷)】3. June 1st is ________ Day.
A. Children B. Children’s C. Child D. Child’s
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:六月一日是儿童节。节日的表达。Children’s Day儿童节,固定表达。故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题需注意双重所有格中,带有’s的名词必须是明确限定的指人的名词,同时of前面的名词必须不确指。
★★★知识链接★★★名词的所有格
1.以“s”结尾的复数名词所有格只加“'”。如:
the teachers' reading room /ten minutes' walk
2.复数为特殊变化的复数名词后加“'s”。如:
Women's Day/the Children's Palace
3.名词并列时,所有格的形式不同,其含义不同。如:
Tom and Bob's desk 汤姆和鲍勃的桌子(共有)[]
Tom's and Bob's desks 汤姆的桌子和鲍勃的桌子(不共有)
4.双重所有格。
(1)当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词,如a/two/some/any/no等时,表示所有关系的of后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如:
a friend of my brother's/his我弟弟的/他的一个朋友
several students of Mr. Smith's/mine史密斯先生的/我的几个学生[]
(2)当of短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示一定感彩时,of后也用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如:
That little son of Xiao Li's/yours is really lovely.小李的/你的那个小儿子真可爱。
This invention of the professor's/his is of great importance.教授的/他的这项发明很重要。[]
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年贵州安顺市】2. The movie named A Little Red Flower shows _________ love for their children.
A. parents B. parent’s C. parents’
2.【2021年青海省西宁市】5. —What a clean and tidy room!
—Yes. It’s ________ room.
A. Tina and Nina’s B. Tina’s and Nina
C. Tina and Nina D. Tina’s and Nina’s
3.【2020 黑龙江龙江地区中考】Look at the big and clean room. It’s ________.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily
4.【2020湖南郴州】4.During the epidemic (疫情) many ________ in our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers.
A. woman doctor B. woman doctors C. women doctors
172022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习02名词(解析版)
★★★热点解读★★★
名词是各省市命题热点之一,对名词考查主要集中如下几点:
语境中名词词义辨析;
1、名词的固定搭配;
2、名词的数;
3、名词作定语的用法。
【热点剖析】
【2021江苏南通】3. Our monitor is ________. He never shows off before others.
A. organized B. modest C. generous D. energetic
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:我们的班长很谦虚。他从不在别人面前炫耀。organized有组织的;modest谦虚的;generous慷慨的;energetic精力充沛的;根据“He never shows off before others.”可知,班长是很谦虚的,故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合,要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量,做题时要深入理解语境,整体把握,结合句意作出最佳选择。
★★★知识链接★★★
1.family, house, home
home指家,包括住处和家人,house 房子,住宅,family 家庭成员。
2.sound, voice, noise
sound 自然界各种各样的声音,voice 指人的嗓音,noise指噪音 。
3.photo, picture, drawing
photo 用照相机拍摄的照片;picture 可指相片,图片,影片;drawing指画的画,主要是素描。
4.custom, habit
custom指传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接 to do;habit指生活习惯,后接 of
doing.
5.class, lesson
作“课”解时,两者可以替换。指课文用 lesson,指班级或全体学生用 class.
6. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说;talk指日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话;lecture指学术性的演讲,讲课。
7. country, nation, state, land
country 侧重指版图,疆域;nation 指人民,国民,民族;state 侧重指政府,政体;land
国土,国家
8. police, policeman
police 警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词;policeman 指某个具体的警察。
9. problem, question
problem 常和困难联系,前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise;question常和疑问联系,多和ask, answer 连用。
10.trip, journey, travel
travel 是最常用的,指旅行或普通出行;trip 指短期的具有特定目的的旅行;journey 指稍长的旅途。
11. sport, game
sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等 ; game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则。
12. work, job
二者均指工作。work指无差别的人类劳动,不可数;job指具体某一项工作, 可数, a good job。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年安徽省】5. —Have you ever heard “A thousand-mile journey begins with the first ________”
—Yes. It’s a famous Chinese saying by Laozi.
A. class B. step C. break D. exam
【答案】B
【解析】查名词辨析。句意:——你听说过“千里之行始于足下”吗?——听过。这是老子的一句著名的中国谚语。考class班级;step步;break休息;exam考试。根据“A thousand-mile journey begins with the first…”可知,此处表示“千里之行始于足下”,故选B。
2.【2021年武汉市】12. The idiom(成语) “Mengzi’s mother makes three moves” tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best ________ for her child.
A. experience B. instruction C. environment D. information
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:“孟母三迁”这个成语讲述的是一位母亲竭尽全力为孩子提供最好的环境的故事。experience经历;instruction指令;environment环境;information信息。根据“Mengzi’s mother makes three moves”及常识,可知,《孟母三迁》讲的就是一个母亲为孩子提供最好环境的故事,故选C。
3.【2021年长春市】12. We used to buy things in the ____________ but now we usually do it online.
A. shop B. museum C. bank D. library
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:我们以前在商店买东西,但现在我们通常在网上买。shop商店;museum博物馆;bank银行;library图书馆;根据“buy things”及常识可知,买东西应在商店,故选A。
4.【2021年南京市】12. Yuan Longping was a world-famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice ________ has been increased greatly.
A. population B. contribution C. production D. introduction
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:袁隆平是世界著名的科学家,由于他的成就,水稻产量大大增加。population 人口;contribution贡献;production产量;introduction介绍。根据常识可知,由于袁隆平的成就,水稻产量大大增加。故选C。
5.【2021年江西省】21. Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a ________ about that.
A. pilot B. doctor C. singer D. postman
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:你的腿看起来很糟!我想你应该请一个医生来。pilot飞行员;doctor医生;singer歌手;postman邮递员。根据“Your leg looks really bad!”可知,应该是叫医生来。故选B。
6.【2021年山西】2. — Jenny, I can’t solve the problems by myself. What should I do
— Maybe working in groups is a good ________.
A. method B. survey C. report
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——Jenny,我自己解决不了这些问题。我该怎么办?——也许小组合作是个好方法。method方法;survey调查;report报告。根据“I can’t solve the problems by myself. What should I do”及“Maybe working in groups is a good…”可知,是提供解决这件事情的办法,故选A。
7.【2021年云南省】29. Hi, Mom is a moving film. It has been on for several months in the ________.
A. museum B. bank C. library D. cinema
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:《你好,李焕英》是一部感人的电影。电影院里已经上演了好几个月了。museum博物馆;bank银行;library图书馆;cinema电影院。根据“Hi, Mom is a moving film.”可知此处讲这部电影在电影院上映。故选D。
8.【2021年天津市】5. His beautiful music has brought ________ to people all over the world.
A. difficulty B. pleasure C. weather D. danger
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:他优美的音乐给全世界的人带来了快乐。difficulty困难;pleasure快乐;weather天气;danger危险。根据“His beautiful music”,结合选项,可知优美的音乐可以给全世界的人带来快乐,故选B。
9.【2021年昆明市】9. Zhang Guimei started the first free senior high school for girls to help them get an ________ in Lijiang, Yunnan.
A. education B. invitation C. information D. imagination
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:张贵梅在云南丽江开办了第一所免费女子高中,帮助她们接受教育。education教育;invitation邀请;information信息;imagination想象。根据“Zhang Guimei started the first free senior high school for girls”可知在高中是接受教育。故选A。
10.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】4. Thank you for your ________. I guess I will take it.
A. visit B. advice C. habit D. interview
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:谢谢你的建议。我想我会接受。visit拜访;advice建议;habit习惯;interview采访。根据“I guess I will take it.”可知,此处是take one’s advice“接受某人的建议”,故选B。
11.【2021年甘肃天水】7. If the weather is nice, we could have a(n) ________ in the park.
A. picnic B. chance C. place D. idea
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:如果天气好,我们可以在公园里野餐。picnic野餐;chance机会;place地方;idea想法。根据“If the weather is nice, we could have a(n) …in the park.”可知,如果天气好,可以在公园里野餐。故选A。
12.【2021年广西玉林市】4. —Sam, you forgot to send me your photos last night.
—Sorry, my _______ didn’t work. I couldn’t get online.
A. radio B. MP3 C. computer D. music player
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——山姆,你昨晚忘了给我发照片。——对不起,我的电脑坏了。我无法上网。radio收音机;MP3一种音乐播放器;computer电脑;music player音乐播放器;根据“send me your photos”以及“I couldn’t get online”可知,此处指的应是电脑坏了,故选C。
13.【2021年十堰市】3. The ________ of the Sanxingdui Ruins site(三星堆遗址)shocked the world.
A. discovery B. development C. disbelief D. difference
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:三星堆遗址的发现震惊了世界。discovery发现;development发展;disbelief怀疑;difference区别。根据“The…of the Sanxingdui Ruins site”可知,是三星堆遗址的发现,故选A。
14.【2021年江苏省宿迁市】9. Mr. Huang was born in Nanjing, but Suqian has become his second ________.
A. family B. house C. village D. hometown
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:黄先生出生在南京,但宿迁已成为他的第二故乡。family家庭;house房子;village村庄;hometown家乡;根据语境可知,此处指的是第二故乡,故选D。
15.【2021江苏盐城市】7. Yuan Longping and his team have solved the problem of ________ for many people.
A. hunger B. health C. pollution D. population
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:袁隆平和他的团队已经解决了许多人的饥饿问题。hunger饥饿;health健康;pollution污染;population人口。根据“Yuan Longping and his team have solved the problem of…for many people.”和常识可知,袁隆平和他的团队解决的是饥饿问题,故选A。
16.【2021江苏扬州市】10. — We can always find something good in a bad _______ if we look for it.
— It’s so true. Let’s make full use of what comes.
A. situation B. direction C. instruction D. competition
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——如果我们去寻找,总能在逆境中找到好的东西。——太对了。让我们充分利用所得到的。situation情况;direction方向;instruction指导;competition比赛。根据“We can always find something good in a bad…”可知,此处指“在不好的情况下/在逆境中”,故选A。
17.【2021江苏镇江市】9. The TV series The Awakening Age(《觉醒年代》) drew a lot of attention and ________ with a high score of 9.2 on the Internet.
A. power B. wisdom C. praise D. wealth
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:电视剧《觉醒时代》在网上获得了9.2分的高分,备受关注和好评。power力量;wisdom智慧;praise赞扬;wealth财富。根据“with a high score of 9.2”可知,评分很高,所以备受赞扬,故选C。
18.【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】1. _______ can make people happy and want to make greater progress.
A. Fear B. Praise C. Doubt D. Regret
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:表扬可以让人开心并且想要取得更大进步。Fear害怕;Praise表扬、赞扬;Doubt怀疑;Regret后悔。根据空后“can make people happy and want to make greater progress.”可推知,应是表扬可以让人开心并且想要取得更大进步。故选B。
19.【2021山东东营市】10. —I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I. We lost a hero. His _______ on hybrid(杂交)rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A. surveys B. reports C. researches D. achievements
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——我听说袁隆平去世了感到很悲伤。——我也是。我们失去了一位英雄。他对杂交水稻的成就帮助中国人解决了吃饭的问题。
surveys调查;reports报告;researches研究;achievements成就。根据“on hybrid rice”可知讲述的是袁隆平的成就,用名词 “achievements”。故选D。
20.【2021山东菏泽市】2. —China’s high-speed railway ________ is leading the world.
—That’s right. It is moving further into the world.
A. technology B. environment C. population
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——中国高铁技术处于世界领先地位。——是的。它正在进一步走向世界。technology技术;environment环境;population人口。根据“China’s high-speed railway…is leading the world.”可知,是高铁技术,故选A。
21.【2021浙江省温州市】3. Mike, a 7-year-old boy, has a great talent for ________. He can draw nice pictures though he has never learned it.
A. art B. sport C. music D. science
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:迈克,一个7岁的男孩,在美术方面很有天赋。虽然他从来没有学过,但他可以画漂亮的画。art美术;sport运动;music音乐;science科学。根据“He can draw nice pictures though he has never learned it.”可知,此处指美术,故选A。
【热点剖析】
【2021年江苏泰州市】1. The landing of China’s rover (登陆车) Zhurong on Mars shows China has made great ________ in space exploration.
A. progress B. project C. product D. protection
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:中国“朱荣”号火星探测器登陆火星,表明中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大进展。progress进步、进展;project项目;product产品;protection保护。根据“The landing of China’s rover Zhurong on Mars shows China has made great ... in space exploration.”可知,空格处表达取得了“进展”。故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★中考中常常借助名词的固定搭配在具体语境中的运用考查名词。解答此类试题,不仅要掌握名词的意义,体会语境,还要牢记常用的名词固定搭配。如:make progress取得进步;take advantage of利用,趁……之机;make fun of取笑,嘲弄等。
★★★知识链接★★★
抽象名词、物质名词具体化
(1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时,它是一种概念,是不可数名词,但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后,可看作可数名词,一般与不定冠词连用,含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。如:
beauty(美,美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
worry(担心)→a worry(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人)
pity(遗憾)→a pity(一件可惜的事)
surprise(惊奇)→a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)
pleasure(乐趣)→a pleasure(一件有趣的事)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时,是不可数名词,但一旦表示具体物品,就变成了可数名词。如:
coffee(咖啡)→a coffee(一杯咖啡) sand(沙子)→a sand(一片沙滩)
iron(铁)→an iron(一个熨斗) water(水)→a water(一片水域)
抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。如: joy(乐趣)→joys(乐事);difficulty(困难)→difficulties(困难,难做的事)。
还有的用在某些固定短语中,如:have a look(看一下);a few,a little(一些);all of a sudden(突然);make a study of…(对……进行研究);in a hurry(匆忙)等。
5.有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时,便转化为不可数名词
a room(房间)→room(空间);a word(话,词)→word(消息);a space(空地)→space(宇宙,空间);go to school/church/bed/ college,etc(去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等)。
6.有些词只用作不可数名词
fun, advice, news, information, baggage/luggage,bread, homework,housework,juice,weather,progress,practice等。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021山东东营市】5. —I’ve got a “C” in the English test. Can you give me some ________
—Of course. I think reading can help.
A. messages B. information C. suggestions D. instructions
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——英语测试我得了“C”,你能给我一些建议么?——当然可以。我认为阅读可以有所帮助。messages消息;information信息;suggestions建议;instructions说明。根据“I've got a ‘C’ in the English test”可知表示 “给一些建议”,用短语 “give sb. suggestions”。故选C。
2.【2020辽宁丹东】3.—Jim, I have ________ in finishing so much work.
—Don't worry. I can help you.
A. ability B. success C. experience D. difficulty
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:——Jim,我很难完成这么多工作。——不要担心,我可以帮助你。ability能力;success成功;experience经验;经历;difficulty困难。根据下面的答语中“I can help you”可知,说话人表示他有困难,使用的句型是have difficulty in doing sth.“做某事有困难”。故选D。
【热点剖析】
【2021年重庆市(A卷)】3. There are many ________ teachers in this primary school.
A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s
【答案】C
【解析】考查复合名词的复数。句意:这所小学有许多女教师。many修饰名词复数,woman作定语时,woman与被修饰的名词都要变复数,women teachers女教师,故选C。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题先要确定名词是单数还是复数,掌握名词复数的正确变形。
★★★知识链接★★★
名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1.可数名词的复数
(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加 s;词尾若是s,x,ch,sh,在词尾加 es
desk →desks;dish →dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs
(2)以”辅音字母+y”结尾的词,要变y为i再加 es study →studies
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为 ves leaf →leaves
(4)以字母o结尾的名词,多数加 s piano →pianos
(5)单、复数同形 sheep;deer
(6)单、复数都要加s的名词 works(工厂);means(方法)
有一些例外情况:
(1)巧记以o结尾加 es的名词:黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。(即Negro,hero,tomato和potato四个词)
(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加 s:海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,如果需要表示量,通常要用“a+表量的概念的名词+of+名词”来表示,其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式
a piece of paper一张纸;several pieces of information几条信息。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年广西河池市】1. —Lisa, could you help me buy some ________ on your way home
—Ok, mom.
A. egg B. beef C. banana D. potato
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——Lisa,你能在回家的路上帮我买些牛肉吗?——好的,妈妈。
考查名词辨析。egg鸡蛋,可数名词;beef牛肉,不可数名词;banana香蕉,可数名词;potato土豆,可数名词。some修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,ACD都应该用其复数形式,排除ACD,故选B。
2.【2020湖南郴州】4.During the epidemic (疫情) many ________ in our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers.
A. woman doctor B. woman doctors C. women doctors
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词作定语。句意:在疫情期间,我们市的许多女医生以志愿者的身份前往湖北省。woman doctor 女医生;woman doctors 表述错误;women doctors 女医生。当名词作定语修饰复数名词时,名词为人的职业时,woman也要变为复数形式。故选C。
3.【2020湖北恩施州】2.Wuhan, one of the most important ________ in China, is famous for the Yellow Crane Tower.
A. cities B. citys C. city
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:武汉是中国最重要的城市之一,以黄鹤楼而闻名。city城市,以辅音字母加y结尾,变复数时,把y变为i再加es,city的复数为cities。one of the +形容词的最高级+复数名词,表示最......的......之一。故选A。
4.【2020 四川省达州市中考】— It’s said that the two _________ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.
— Yeah, I know them. They are both already in their _________.
A. woman;sixty B. women;sixtieth C. women;sixties D. woman;sixties
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词复数和年龄段表达。句意:——听说这两位女医生刚从武汉回来。——是的,我认识她们。她们都已经六十多岁了。根据英语语法,以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时,man、woman也要变成复数,第一空后名词doctors为复数,故woman应用复数形式women,A、D选项可排除;“in one’s +基数词复数”为固定搭配,意为“在某人几十岁时”,第二空应填sixty的复数形式sixties,故选C。
.5.【2020 重庆中考】Would you send me some ________of yours I miss you very much!
A. magazines B. photos C. money D. advice
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你能给我寄一些你的照片吗?我非常想你!考查名词辨析。magazines杂志;photos照片;money钱;advice建议,根据I miss you very much!可知非常想念对方,由此推断把照片寄过来,故选B。
6.【2020湖南怀化】3.Spending too much ______ playing computer games is bad for your ______.
A. time; eye B. time; eyes C. times; eyes
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:花费太多时间玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛不好。time作“时间”讲,不可数名词;作“次数,倍数”讲,是可数名词;eye眼睛,是可数名词,eyes是复数形式。根据句意可知,第一个空表示“花费时间”,排除C;第二个空表示“对眼睛不好”,根据常识应用复数形式,故选B。
【热点剖析】【2021年重庆市(B卷)】3. June 1st is ________ Day.
A. Children B. Children’s C. Child D. Child’s
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:六月一日是儿童节。节日的表达。Children’s Day儿童节,固定表达。故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题需注意双重所有格中,带有’s的名词必须是明确限定的指人的名词,同时of前面的名词必须不确指。
★★★知识链接★★★名词的所有格
1.以“s”结尾的复数名词所有格只加“'”。如:
the teachers' reading room /ten minutes' walk
2.复数为特殊变化的复数名词后加“'s”。如:
Women's Day/the Children's Palace
3.名词并列时,所有格的形式不同,其含义不同。如:
Tom and Bob's desk 汤姆和鲍勃的桌子(共有)[]
Tom's and Bob's desks 汤姆的桌子和鲍勃的桌子(不共有)
4.双重所有格。
(1)当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词,如a/two/some/any/no等时,表示所有关系的of后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如:
a friend of my brother's/his我弟弟的/他的一个朋友
several students of Mr. Smith's/mine史密斯先生的/我的几个学生[]
(2)当of短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示一定感彩时,of后也用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如:
That little son of Xiao Li's/yours is really lovely.小李的/你的那个小儿子真可爱。
This invention of the professor's/his is of great importance.教授的/他的这项发明很重要。[]
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年贵州安顺市】2. The movie named A Little Red Flower shows _________ love for their children.
A. parents B. parent’s C. parents’
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:电影《送你一朵小红花》展现了父母对孩子的爱。
此处表达的是“父母的爱”,parents是以s结尾的复数名词,所有格直接加’即可,故选C。
2.【2021年青海省西宁市】5. —What a clean and tidy room!
—Yes. It’s ________ room.
A. Tina and Nina’s B. Tina’s and Nina
C. Tina and Nina D. Tina’s and Nina’s
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:——多干净整洁房间啊!——是的。它是蒂娜和尼娜的房间。根据句意,空处应用名词所有格,表示“……的”,故排除C项;根据空后“room”是单数可知,这是蒂娜和尼娜共有的房间;两者或两者以上共同所有,只在最后一个名词加’s。故选A。
3.【2020 黑龙江龙江地区中考】Look at the big and clean room. It’s ________.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily
【答案】B
【解析】句意:看那间又大又干净的房间。是露西和莉莉【共用】的房间。考查名词所有格。A. Lucy’s and Lily’s指两人各自拥有的东西;B. Lucy and Lily’s指两人共有的东西;C. Lucy’s and Lily无此表达方式。根据上句room提示,只有一个房间,故指的是露西和莉莉两人共有的房间。故选B。
4.【2020湖南郴州】4.During the epidemic (疫情) many ________ in our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers.
A. woman doctor B. woman doctors C. women doctors
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词作定语。句意:在疫情期间,我们市的许多女医生以志愿者的身份前往湖北省。woman doctor 女医生;woman doctors 表述错误;women doctors 女医生。当名词作定语修饰复数名词时,名词为人的职业时,woman也要变为复数形式。故选C。
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