2022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习03代词(解析版)
★★★热点解读★★★
代词是各省市必考语法点之一,试题的设计注重语境设置,要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。考查题目主要集中在:
1.考查不定代词的用法及辨析。
2.考查替代词it,that,one(s),those的用法
3.考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等的用法
4.考查it的用法和常见句型
人称代词&物主代词【热点剖析】
【2021年北京市】1. Mary’s birthday is coming. We’ve decided to make a cake for ________.
A. him B. her C. you D. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:玛丽的生日快到了。我们决定为她做一个蛋糕。him他;her她;you你/你们;them他们。根据“Mary’s birthday is coming.”可知,此处指Mary,女性,故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题首先确定在句子中担任的成分,重点注意人称代词的格是否被误用,代词前后是否指代一致,形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词使用是否正确。
★★★知识链接★★★
人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的辨析
类别人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
人称代词巧学妙记口诀 物主代词巧学妙记口诀
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021上海】2.I haven’t brought my dictionary with me. Can I use ________
A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:我没有带字典。我可以用你的吗?you你,主格或宾格;your你的,形容词性物主代词;yours你的,名词性物主代词;yourself你自己,反身代词。根据“Can I use...”可知,此处应用名词性物主代词yours,指代“你的字典”。故选C。
2.【2021年海南省】8. Mike has lost ________ new watch. He is looking for it everywhere.
A. he B. his C. him
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:迈克弄丢了他的新手表。他正在到处找它。he他,人称代词主格;his他的,物主代词;him他,人称代词宾格。根据句子结构,空格后有名词watch,故空格处应填形容词性物主代词,修饰watch。故选B。
3.【2021年河北省】2. This isn’t my dictionary. ________ is over there, on the desk.
A. His B. Mine C. Hers D. Yours
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:这不是我的字典。我的在那边,在桌子上。His他的;Mine我的;Hers她的;Yours你的/你们的。根据“This isn’t my dictionary.”可知,此处表示“我的”,故选B。
4.【2021年天津市】2. Mike’s aunt is ________ English teacher. We all like ________.
A. our; she B. our; her C. we; he D. we; her
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:Mike的阿姨是我们的英语老师,我们都喜欢她。our我们的,形容词性物主代词;we我们,人称代词主格;he他,人称代词主格;her她/她的,人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词;she她,人称代词主格。第一个空后有名词,用形容词性物主代词修饰,排除C和D,第二个空在谓语动词like后,用人称代词宾格。故选B。
5.【2021年南京市】3. Amy hid under ________ desk in a hurry when the earthquake happened.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:地震发生时,艾米匆忙地躲在她的桌子下面。she她,主格;her她,宾格/她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself反身代词。根据“Amy hid under…desk in a hurry”可知,空格后面有名词,需要用形容词性物主代词。故选B。
6.【2021年大连市】3. Mike moved to China with _________ family two years ago.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:迈克两年前和家人搬到了中国。he他,主格;him他,宾格;his他的;himself他自己;空格处修饰其后的名词family,应用形容词性物主代词,故选C。
7.【2021年山西】1. Yuan Longping, known as the father of hybrid rice, helped lift the nation out of hunger. People will never forget ________.
A. me B. him C. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:被称为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平帮助中国摆脱了饥饿。人们永远不会忘记他。me我;him他;them他们。此处指代前文提到的“Yuan Longping”,男性,故选B。
8.【2021年四川省成都】1. — Lily, is this blue pencil box Steve’s
—No, it isn’t. ________ is black.
A. Mine B. Hers C. His
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性物主代词。句意:——Lily,这个蓝色的铅笔盒是Steve的吗?——不,它不是。他的是黑色的。mine我的;hers她的;his他的。根据“No, it isn't.”可知蓝色的铅笔盒不是Steve的,此处想说Steve的铅笔盒的颜色,指代男性,用名词性物主代词his。故选C。
9.【2021年重庆市(A卷)】5. Ann has got a letter from her best friend. It makes ________ quite excited.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:安收到了她最好的朋友的一封信。这让她很兴奋。she她,人称代词主格;her她,人称代词宾格;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己。动词make后接人称代词宾格作宾语,故选B。
10.【2021年重庆市(B卷)】2. The old man often tells them interesting stories, so they like ________ very much.
A. he B. him C. her D. she
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:老人经常给他们讲有趣的故事,所以他们非常喜欢他。he他,主格;him他,宾格;her她,宾格;she她,主格;like是动词,后接宾语,应用宾格,此处指的是“The old man”,应用him指代,故选B。
11.【2021年江苏省淮安市】6. Pandas are so cute. Most children like ________.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
【答案】B
【解析】考查人称代词的宾格。句意:熊猫是如此的可爱了。大多数孩子都喜欢它们。
they他们,主格;them他们,宾格;their他们的,形容词性物主代词;themselves他们自己,反身代词。结合语境和空前“like喜欢”可知,动词后面接宾语,所以这里用宾格them。故选B。
12.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】1. —I can’t find my pencil. May I borrow ________
—Sorry, I don’t have one.
A. his B. hers C. theirs D. yours
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——我找不到我的铅笔了。我可以借你的吗?——对不起,我没有。his他的;hers她的;theirs他们的;yours你的/你们的。根据“Sorry, I don’t have one.”可知询问能借用“你的铅笔”吗,用yours符合语境,故选D。
13.【2021年广西河池市】3. — Is this your bike, Cindy
— Yes, it’s ________. My mother bought it for me last month.
A. hers B. his C. yours D. mine
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——Cindy,这是你的自行车吗?——是的,它是我的。我妈妈上个月给我买的。hers她的;his他的;yours你的;mine我的。根据“Is this your bike”及“Yes”可知,此处回答是“我的”,故选D。
14.【2021年贵州安顺市】4. Today is Frank’s twelfth birthday. His mother bought a nice present for _________.
A. her B. him C. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词的辨析。句意:今天是弗兰克的十二岁生日。他妈妈给他买了一件漂亮的礼物。her她;him他;them他们;空格作介词for的宾语,应用宾格,指代的是Frank,是男性,应用him,故选B。
15.【2021年十堰市】2. When I face difficulties, I always say to _________, “Never give up!”
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:当我面对困难时,我总是对自己说,“永不放弃!”
me我,人称代词宾格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;myself我自己,反身代词。say to oneself自言自语,对自己说,故选D。
16.【2021年江苏省淮安市】6. Pandas are so cute. Most children like ________.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
【答案】B
【解析】考查人称代词的宾格。句意:熊猫是如此的可爱了。大多数孩子都喜欢它们。
they他们,主格;them他们,宾格;their他们的,形容词性物主代词;themselves他们自己,反身代词。结合语境和空前“like喜欢”可知,动词后面接宾语,所以这里用宾格them。故选B。
17.【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】2. —Your spoken English is perfect!
—Thank you. I think _______ is better. You read English every morning.
A. mine B. its C. yours D. hers
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性物主代词辨析。句意:——你的口语真棒!——谢谢。我认为你的口语更棒。你每天早上都读英语。mine我的;its它的;yours你的/你们的;hers她的。根据“You read English every morning.”可知,此处是夸奖“你的口语”很棒。故选C。
反身代词【热点剖析】
【2021年昆明市】3. Tai chi, part of Chinese culture, is an exercise which helps people improve ________ in health.
A. themselves B. ourselves C. itself D. myself
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:太极拳是中国文化的一部分,是一种帮助人们改善健康的运动。themselves他们自己;ourselves我们自己;itself它自己;myself我自己。根据“which helps people improve ... in health”可推出是帮助人们改善他们自己的健康,用themselves。故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题注意与反身代词的固定搭配和短语。
★★★知识链接★★★
反身代词用法口诀
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年青海省西宁市】7. Nobody taught my grandma how to use WeChat.She learned it all by ________ .
A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:没有人教我的祖母如何使用微信。她自学的。myself我自己;yourself你自己;himself他自己;herself她自己。by oneself独自地,此处主语是she,对应的反身代词是herself,故选D。
2.【2021湖南株洲市】6. Don’t play with the knife, or you’ll cut ________.
A. itself B. yourself C. himself
【答案】B
【解析】考查反身代词辨析。句意:别玩刀子,不然你会割伤自己的。
itself它自己;yourself你自己;himself他自己。反身代词应与主语you在人称上保持一致,所以此空应填yourself,故选B。
3.【2021年江苏无锡市】2. As parents, we must ask ________: Are we listening Are we patient enough
A. us B. ourselves C. me D. myself
【答案】B
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:作为父母,我们必须扪心自问:我们在听吗?我们够耐心吗?
us我们,宾格;ourselves我们自己,反身代词;me我,宾格;myself我自己,反身代词。根据“As parents, we must ask...”可知,此处表示问我们自己,用反身代词表示,反身代词与主语we在人称上保持一致,应用ourselves。故选B。
4.【2021山东东营市】2. —Judy, why is your dog barking(吠叫)at the mirror
—Because it can’t recognize(认出)________ in the mirror.
A. me B. it C. you D. itself
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——Judy,你的狗为什么对着镜子叫?——因为它在镜子里认不出自己。me我;it它;you你;itself它自己。根据“Because it can't recognize(认出)… in the mirror”可知,狗在镜子里认不出它自己,故选D。
复合不定代词【热点剖析】【2021年广西玉林市】2. —Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play Tik Tok(抖音)
—_______. I learned it by _______.
A. Somebody; myself B. Nobody; myself C. Nobody; me D. Somebody; me
【答案】B
【解析】考查复合不定代词和反身代词辨析。句意:——哇,太酷了!谁教你玩抖音的?——没有人。我自己学的。Somebody有人;myself我自己;Nobody没有人;me我;根据句意可知,此处说的是没有人教,应用nobody;第二空表达的是自学,应用反身代词,主语是I,此处用myself,故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题首先判断句中所需的不定代词,掌握易混不定代词的具体含义,根据句意选择正确不定代词。
★★★知识链接★★★复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,no,every加上 body, one, thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。
1.some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。如:
Somebody is waiting outside.有人在外面等着。
I have something for you.我有东西给你。
She thinks she's something since she won the prize.获奖之后,她觉得自己了不起了。
2.any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:
Does anybody else want to go 还有人想去吗?
There isn't anything in the box.盒子里没有任何东西。
If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!如果有人想去旅行,请在这里注册!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:
Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.任何人都可以解决这个简单的数学问题。
You can take anything you like.你可以拿走任何你喜欢的东西。
3.no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如:
I know nothing about it.我对此一无所知。
There is nobody here. 这里没有人。
4.every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.每个人都很享受度假。
She does everything to help her mother.她尽一切努力帮助她的母亲。
Her son is everything to her.对她来说儿子就是一切。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021上海】3.There was ________ to eat at home, so I went out to get some food.
A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意:家里没有东西吃了,所以我出去买一些食物。anything任何事,用于否定句或一般疑问句;nothing没什么;something某物,用于肯定句;everything一切。根据“so I went out to get some food”可知,我出去买食物,因此表示家里没有什么可以吃的了,所以用代词nothing,故选B。
2.【2021年贵州安顺市】12. —Did you do _________ fun on your vacation, Tara
—Yes, I did. I went to Sanya.
A. everything B. anything C. nothing
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——你假期做了什么有趣的事吗,塔拉? ——是的,我做了。我去了三亚。everything一切;anything任何东西,用于疑问句或否定句;nothing没什么东西。根据“Did you do...fun on your vacation, Tara ”,可知,此处为一般疑问句,疑问句用anything。故选B。
3.【2021年江苏省宿迁市】10. —Is ________ here
—Yes. We are all ready.
A. somebody B. neither C. everybody D. none
【答案】C
【解析】考查复合不定代词。句意:——大家都到齐了吗?——是的。我们都准备好了。somebody某人;neither两者都不;everybody每个人;none没有;根据“Yes. We are all ready.”及语境可知,此处是问“每个人都到了吗”,故选C。
4.【2021年江苏无锡市】7. —Can I ask you one question And only one.
—Sure. ________.
A. Something B. Anything C. Someone D. Anyone
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——我能问你一个问题吗?只有一个。 ——当然,什么都行。Something某事;Anything任何事;Someone某人;Anyone任何人。根据“Can I ask you one question And only one.”可知,此处表示问任何事都可以。故选B。
5.【2021江苏盐城市】6. —Why are you laughing, Daniel
— There is ________ funny in the e and see.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
【答案】B
【解析】考查复合不定代词辨析。句意:——Daniel,你为什么笑?——在报纸上有件有趣的事情。来看看。anything任何事,用于疑问句和否定句;something某件事,用于肯定句;everything一切;nothing没什么事。根据“Why are you laughing”及“There is …funny in the newspaper”可知,报纸里有趣的事情让他笑了,且此句是肯定句,故选B。
6.【2021江苏镇江市】1. I enjoy playing badminton. When I’m running with a bat in my hand, I don’t worry about ________.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
【答案】B
【解析】考查复合不定代词。句意:我喜欢打羽毛球。当我手里拿着球拍跑步时,我什么都不担心。something某件事;anything任何事;everything一切;nothing没什么事。根据“I don’t worry about”可知,不担心任何事情,否定句应用anything,故选B。
替代词it,that,one(s),those代词【热点剖析】
★★★方法探究★★★弄清楚不定代词词义相近或相关的不定代词往往容易混淆,这样的代词可以对应记忆,如both,either,neither;all,no one和none;other,another和each other等。只有对不定代词的含义有了充分了解才能正确做出此类题目。
★★★知识链接★★★
1. it,that,one(s),those
it 替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物 —Have you found your pen 你找到你的笔了吗?—No, I haven't found it. —没有,我没有找到它。
one/ones one用来替代前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于a/an+单数名词。其复数形式为ones I think this book is better than the one I read last time.我觉得这本书比我上次读的那本要好。These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.这些鞋子还不够好。给我看一些更好的。
that/those that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词,是同类替代,但并非同一个,可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those,相当于the ones The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.北京的天气比冬天的南京冷得多。
2.both,either,neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如:
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
3.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能作定语用,但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那里。
All (of) the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那里。
Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have an e dictionary./Each of the students has an e dictionary./The students each have an e dictionary.每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
4.the other,other,another,others,the others的区别
the other/other the other可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义
another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)”
others/the others others只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others
He is willing to help others/other people.
Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.
Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.我们中的一些人喜欢足球,而另一些人则喜欢篮球。
We need another five chairs/five more chairs.我们还需要另外五把椅子/五把椅子。
5.none,no one,nobody,nothing的区别
none 既可指人,也可指物;侧重数量,通常指三者或三者以上的人或物;后可接of短语;作主语时谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句 —How much money do you have —None.
no one/nobody 只能指人;是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数 —Who is in the room —Nobody./No one.
nothing 只能指物,且表泛指概念;常用来回答由what引导的疑问句 —What are you doing now —Nothing.
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年甘肃天水】9. I have a few books on Chinese food. You can borrow ________ if you want.
A. one B. it C. much D. a little
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:我有几本关于中国菜谱的书。你想借的话可以借一本。
one一个;it它;much许多;a little一点。根据“I have a few books on Chinese food.”可知,你可以从这些书中借一本看看。用one代替前面刚提到过的同一类事物。故选A。
2.【2021年江苏苏州市】5. The gravity on Mars is only about there eighths of ________ on the Earth.
A. that B. those C. one D. ones
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:火星的引力只有地球的八分之一。that特指的名词与前面的名词只是同一类,但并非同一个,即同名异物,相当于the+名词;those是that的复数形式,只能代替可数名词复数;one泛指与前面的名词同类的另一事物,即同名异物,相当于a/an+名词;ones是one的复数形式。本句中“The gravity”是单数形式,且是“the+名词”结构,故代词应用that。故选A。
3.【2021四川自贡市】1. —What do you think of learning Chinese, David
—Actually, I find ________ hard to learn Chinese well in a short time.
A. that B. one C. it
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——大卫,你觉得学中文怎么样?——事实上,我发现很难在短时间内学好中文。that那,指代同名异物,只可指物;one一个,指代同名异物,可指人或物;it它,指代上文中出现过的同一事物,或作形式主语、宾语。根据“I find ... hard to learn Chinese well in a short time”可知此处用find it adj. to do sth.表示“发现做某事是……的”,此处用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是“to learn Chinese well in a short time”。故选C。
4.【2021四川遂宁】1. —I bought a skirt for ________. I hope you like ________.
—Thank you, mom. I can’t wait to try it on.
A. you; one B. you; it C. me; one D. me, it
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意:——我给你买了条裙子。希望你喜欢。——谢谢你,妈妈。我等不及要试穿了。you你;one指代同名异物;it指代同名同物;me我;这里是对话,结合“Thank you, mom. I can’t wait to try it on.”可知,第一空指的是“给你买了一条裙子”,for是介词,应用宾格you作宾语;第二空指的是前文提到的这条裙子,是同名同物,应用it代替,故选B。
5.【2021年武汉市】8. — There are mainly six kinds of tea in China. Which is your favorite
— Green tea, I guess. I’ve tried black tea, green tea and so on, and ________ of them have their special tastes.
A. all B. both C. none D. neither
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——中国主要有六种茶。你最喜欢哪一个?——我想是绿茶。我试过红茶、绿茶等等,它们都有自己的独特口味。all都(三者或三者以上);both都(两者);none都不(三者或三者以上);neither都不(两者)。根据“black tea, green tea and so on”可知,指三者以上的,排除B和D选项。此处是评价尝过的茶叶都有自己独特的味道,故选A。
6.【2021年长春市】13. My cousin keeps two pets. One is a lovely cat and ___________ is a beautiful bird.
A. other B. others C. the other D. another
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:我表弟养了两只宠物。一只是可爱的猫,另一只是美丽的鸟。
other其它的,后接复数名词;others其他的人或物;the other另一个(两者之间);another另一个(三者或三者以上)。根据“two pets”及“One”可知,此处指两者之中的另一个,故选C。
7.【2021江苏扬州市】2. —Which colour do you like, red or blue
— ________. I like green.
A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——你喜欢什么颜色,红色还是蓝色?——都不喜欢。我喜欢绿色。Either两者中任何一个;Both两者都;Neither两者都不;None三者或三者以上都不。根据选项“red or blue”和空后“I like green.”可知,空处应是表示“两者都不”。故选C。
8.【2021山东东营市】7. —Four children were walking under a small umbrella. ________of them got wet. Can you guess why
—Because it was not raining!
A. All B. None C. Most D. Some
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——四个孩子在一把小伞下走着。他们都没有淋湿。你能猜到原因吗?——因为没有下雨!All都;None一个也没有;Most大部分;Some一些。根据“of them got wet”及“Because it was not raining”可知,因为没有下雨,所以这四个人都没有被淋湿,故选B。
物主代词分形、名,形式用法各不同。
物主代词形变名,my变mine要分明。
多数词尾加s,his,its两相同。
形代用在名词前,句中用后带名词。
名代可作主宾表,后面名词须去掉。
人称代词有两种,主格、宾格应分清,
主格用在动词前,宾格用在动/介后。
“动副”短语要注意,宾格代词放中间。
代词主语并列时,逻辑顺序要牢记。
单数人称你他我,复数人称我们、你们和他们。
若把错误找人担,第一人称应当先。
反身代词莫乱用,能在句中宾、表、同;
主语、定语不能用,固定搭配要记清。
172022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习03代词(原版)
★★★热点解读★★★
代词是各省市必考语法点之一,试题的设计注重语境设置,要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。考查题目主要集中在:
1.考查不定代词的用法及辨析。
2.考查替代词it,that,one(s),those的用法
3.考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等的用法
4.考查it的用法和常见句型
人称代词&物主代词【热点剖析】
【2021年北京市】1. Mary’s birthday is coming. We’ve decided to make a cake for ________.
A. him B. her C. you D. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:玛丽的生日快到了。我们决定为她做一个蛋糕。him他;her她;you你/你们;them他们。根据“Mary’s birthday is coming.”可知,此处指Mary,女性,故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题首先确定在句子中担任的成分,重点注意人称代词的格是否被误用,代词前后是否指代一致,形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词使用是否正确。
★★★知识链接★★★
人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的辨析
类别人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
人称代词巧学妙记口诀 物主代词巧学妙记口诀
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021上海】2.I haven’t brought my dictionary with me. Can I use ________
A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself
2.【2021年海南省】8. Mike has lost ________ new watch. He is looking for it everywhere.
A. he B. his C. him
3.【2021年河北省】2. This isn’t my dictionary. ________ is over there, on the desk.
A. His B. Mine C. Hers D. Yours
4.【2021年天津市】2. Mike’s aunt is ________ English teacher. We all like ________.
A. our; she B. our; her C. we; he D. we; her
5.【2021年南京市】3. Amy hid under ________ desk in a hurry when the earthquake happened.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
6.【2021年大连市】3. Mike moved to China with _________ family two years ago.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
7.【2021年山西】1. Yuan Longping, known as the father of hybrid rice, helped lift the nation out of hunger. People will never forget ________.
A. me B. him C. them
8.【2021年四川省成都】1. — Lily, is this blue pencil box Steve’s
—No, it isn’t. ________ is black.
A. Mine B. Hers C. His
9.【2021年重庆市(A卷)】5. Ann has got a letter from her best friend. It makes ________ quite excited.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
10.【2021年重庆市(B卷)】2. The old man often tells them interesting stories, so they like ________ very much.
A. he B. him C. her D. she
11.【2021年江苏省淮安市】6. Pandas are so cute. Most children like ________.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
12.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】1. —I can’t find my pencil. May I borrow ________
—Sorry, I don’t have one.
A. his B. hers C. theirs D. yours
13.【2021年广西河池市】3. — Is this your bike, Cindy
— Yes, it’s ________. My mother bought it for me last month.
A. hers B. his C. yours D. mine
14.【2021年贵州安顺市】4. Today is Frank’s twelfth birthday. His mother bought a nice present for _________.
A. her B. him C. them
15.【2021年十堰市】2. When I face difficulties, I always say to _________, “Never give up!”
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
16.【2021年江苏省淮安市】6. Pandas are so cute. Most children like ________.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
17.【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】2. —Your spoken English is perfect!
—Thank you. I think _______ is better. You read English every morning.
A. mine B. its C. yours D. hers
反身代词【热点剖析】
【2021年昆明市】3. Tai chi, part of Chinese culture, is an exercise which helps people improve ________ in health.
A. themselves B. ourselves C. itself D. myself
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:太极拳是中国文化的一部分,是一种帮助人们改善健康的运动。themselves他们自己;ourselves我们自己;itself它自己;myself我自己。根据“which helps people improve ... in health”可推出是帮助人们改善他们自己的健康,用themselves。故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题注意与反身代词的固定搭配和短语。
★★★知识链接★★★
反身代词用法口诀
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年青海省西宁市】7. Nobody taught my grandma how to use WeChat.She learned it all by ________ .
A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself
2.【2021湖南株洲市】6. Don’t play with the knife, or you’ll cut ________.
A. itself B. yourself C. himself
3.【2021年江苏无锡市】2. As parents, we must ask ________: Are we listening Are we patient enough
A. us B. ourselves C. me D. myself
4.【2021山东东营市】2. —Judy, why is your dog barking(吠叫)at the mirror
—Because it can’t recognize(认出)________ in the mirror.
A. me B. it C. you D. itself
复合不定代词【热点剖析】【2021年广西玉林市】2. —Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play Tik Tok(抖音)
—_______. I learned it by _______.
A. Somebody; myself B. Nobody; myself C. Nobody; me D. Somebody; me
【答案】B
【解析】考查复合不定代词和反身代词辨析。句意:——哇,太酷了!谁教你玩抖音的?——没有人。我自己学的。Somebody有人;myself我自己;Nobody没有人;me我;根据句意可知,此处说的是没有人教,应用nobody;第二空表达的是自学,应用反身代词,主语是I,此处用myself,故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题首先判断句中所需的不定代词,掌握易混不定代词的具体含义,根据句意选择正确不定代词。
★★★知识链接★★★复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,no,every加上 body, one, thing构成的不定代词,叫复合不定代词。
1.some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句,意为“某人或某物,重要的人或事”。如:
Somebody is waiting outside.有人在外面等着。
I have something for you.我有东西给你。
She thinks she's something since she won the prize.获奖之后,她觉得自己了不起了。
2.any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,意为“随便某个人或物,无论什么人或物,什么人或物都可以”。如:
Does anybody else want to go 还有人想去吗?
There isn't anything in the box.盒子里没有任何东西。
If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!如果有人想去旅行,请在这里注册!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如:
Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.任何人都可以解决这个简单的数学问题。
You can take anything you like.你可以拿走任何你喜欢的东西。
3.no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如:
I know nothing about it.我对此一无所知。
There is nobody here. 这里没有人。
4.every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物,每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如:
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation. [来源:学科每个人都很享受度假。
She does everything to help her mother.她尽一切努力帮助她的母亲。
Her son is everything to her.对她来说儿子就是一切。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021上海】3.There was ________ to eat at home, so I went out to get some food.
A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything
2.【2021年贵州安顺市】12. —Did you do _________ fun on your vacation, Tara
—Yes, I did. I went to Sanya.
A. everything B. anything C. nothing
3.【2021年江苏省宿迁市】10. —Is ________ here
—Yes. We are all ready.
A. somebody B. neither C. everybody D. none
4.【2021年江苏无锡市】7. —Can I ask you one question And only one.
—Sure. ________.
A. Something B. Anything C. Someone D. Anyone
5.【2021江苏盐城市】6. —Why are you laughing, Daniel
— There is ________ funny in the e and see.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
6.【2021江苏镇江市】1. I enjoy playing badminton. When I’m running with a bat in my hand, I don’t worry about ________.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
替代词it,that,one(s),those代词【热点剖析】
★★★方法探究★★★弄清楚不定代词词义相近或相关的不定代词往往容易混淆,这样的代词可以对应记忆,如both,either,neither;all,no one和none;other,another和each other等。只有对不定代词的含义有了充分了解才能正确做出此类题目。
★★★知识链接★★★
1. it,that,one(s),those
it 替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物 —Have you found your pen 你找到你的笔了吗?—No, I haven't found it. —没有,我没有找到它。
one/ones one用来替代前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于a/an+单数名词。其复数形式为ones I think this book is better than the one I read last time.我觉得这本书比我上次读的那本要好。These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.这些鞋子还不够好。给我看一些更好的。
that/those that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词,是同类替代,但并非同一个,可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those,相当于the ones The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.北京的天气比冬天的南京冷得多。
2.both,either,neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”;either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如:
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
3.all,none,each,every用于多者。all意为“全部都”,指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;none意为“全都不,任何一个都不”,指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数;each和every意为“每一个”,为单数,两者都能作定语用,但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那里。
All (of) the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那里。
Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have an e dictionary./Each of the students has an e dictionary./The students each have an e dictionary.每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
4.the other,other,another,others,the others的区别
the other/other the other可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义
another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)”
others/the others others只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others
He is willing to help others/other people.
Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.
Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.我们中的一些人喜欢足球,而另一些人则喜欢篮球。
We need another five chairs/five more chairs.我们还需要另外五把椅子/五把椅子。
5.none,no one,nobody,nothing的区别
none 既可指人,也可指物;侧重数量,通常指三者或三者以上的人或物;后可接of短语;作主语时谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句 —How much money do you have —None.
no one/nobody 只能指人;是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数 —Who is in the room —Nobody./No one.
nothing 只能指物,且表泛指概念;常用来回答由what引导的疑问句 —What are you doing now —Nothing.
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年甘肃天水】9. I have a few books on Chinese food. You can borrow ________ if you want.
A. one B. it C. much D. a little
2.【2021年江苏苏州市】5. The gravity on Mars is only about there eighths of ________ on the Earth.
A. that B. those C. one D. ones
3.【2021四川自贡市】1. —What do you think of learning Chinese, David
—Actually, I find ________ hard to learn Chinese well in a short time.
A. that B. one C. it
4.【2021四川遂宁】1. —I bought a skirt for ________. I hope you like ________.
—Thank you, mom. I can’t wait to try it on.
A. you; one B. you; it C. me; one D. me, it
5.【2021年武汉市】8. — There are mainly six kinds of tea in China. Which is your favorite
— Green tea, I guess. I’ve tried black tea, green tea and so on, and ________ of them have their special tastes.
A. all B. both C. none D. neither
6.【2021年长春市】13. My cousin keeps two pets. One is a lovely cat and ___________ is a beautiful bird.
A. other B. others C. the other D. another
7.【2021江苏扬州市】2. —Which colour do you like, red or blue
— ________. I like green.
A. Either B. Both C. Neither D. None
8.【2021山东东营市】7. —Four children were walking under a small umbrella. ________of them got wet. Can you guess why
—Because it was not raining!
A. All B. None C. Most D. Some
物主代词分形、名,形式用法各不同。
物主代词形变名,my变mine要分明。
多数词尾加s,his,its两相同。
形代用在名词前,句中用后带名词。
名代可作主宾表,后面名词须去掉。
人称代词有两种,主格、宾格应分清,
主格用在动词前,宾格用在动/介后。
“动副”短语要注意,宾格代词放中间。
代词主语并列时,逻辑顺序要牢记。
单数人称你他我,复数人称我们、你们和他们。
若把错误找人担,第一人称应当先。
反身代词莫乱用,能在句中宾、表、同;
主语、定语不能用,固定搭配要记清。
17