2022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习07时态&语态（原版）
★★★热点解读★★★
动词的时态和语态问题是各省市中考考查的重点，同时也是很多同学学习起来比较吃力的语法现象，主要是通过语境或时间词来判断正确的时态。语态一般不单独设题，通常结合时态进行综合考查。中考中对动词时态的考查热点主要有：
1. 一般现在时、过去时、将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等基本用法
2. 一般现在时在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中表示将来
3. 现在进行时的特殊形式及表达的意义
4.各个时态的被动语态
一般现在时【热点剖析】
【2021年北京市】9. —Lily, what do you usually do after school
—I ________ exercise with my friends.
A. do B. did C. will do D. was doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——莉莉，放学后你通常做什么？——我和我的朋友一起锻炼。根据“what do you usually do after school”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形，故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★一般现在时表示按照制定好的计划或日程将要发生的动作或行为，且这种计划比较客观和固定，不易更改，和现在进行时表将来比起来更正式。现在进行时可表示按照当前或临时计划、安排近期内即将发生的动作或行为，谓语动词多为go／come／leave／start等表示位置移动的动词。也可带有其他情态意义，有时含有下“决心”的意思，常用于否定句中。例如：I am not meeting him any more．(=1 won't meeting him any more．)一般过去时和过去进行时也有类似的用法。
★★★知识链接★★★
①用一般现在时表示将来往往出现在下列从句中：if，unless，even if等引导的条件状语
从句中；when，before，after，once，until，till，as soon as，the moment，immediately等引导的时间状语从句；no matter what／who／which／when／where／how或whatever／whoever／whenever／wherever／however／whichever引导的让步状语从句。从句中用一般现在时表示将来，主句中往往用到will，shall，can，must等情态动词或祈使句。例如：
I’ll give the letter to him immediately he comes back．我会在他回来后立即把信交给他。
Wait until he talks to you．等到他和你说话。
②只有少数动词如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等可以用在表示按照制定好的计划或日程即将发生的动作或行为的时态中。例如：
The plane arrives at seven．飞机在七点到达。
The train leaves at nine thirty in the morning．火车早上九点半出发。
③当主句是过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时。例如：
He thought he would go to the doctor's when he finished his homework．他以为当他完成家庭作业时，他应该去看医生。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年武汉市】4. — We ________ very simply and do not spend much money on food.
— That’s why you’re called the Greens.
A. eat B. ate C. will eat D. had eaten
2.【2021年广西河池市】13. Mrs. Green will take her son to the amusement park if she ________ the tickets.
A. got B. gets C. is getting D. will get
3.【2021年十堰市】7. Mid-Autumn Day usually _________ on August 15th in the lunar calendar（阴历）every year.
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. will come
4【2020湖南郴州】8.— I really want to go to college for further study.
— Believe in yourself. If you ________ hard, your dream will come true.
A. will study B. studied C. study
5.【2020湖北恩施州】6.I hear that it often ________ in Sichuan and there are usually floods, especially in summer.
A. rains B. rained C. will rain
6.【2020上海】36.Every year thousands of tourists ________the mountain area to relax themselves.
A. visited B. were visiting C. visit D. have visited
现在进行时【热点剖析】【2021年四川省成都】4. The spirit of ox（牛）________ an important role for China's development this year.
A. is playing B. was playing C. played
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：今年，“牛之精神”在中国的发展中发挥着重要作用。
根据“this year”可知，此句应用现在时，三个选项中只有A选项是现在进行时，故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题一要看时间标志now, at this moment..，二要注意提示词look, listen。
★★★知识链接★★★
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come, leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have， wear等表示移动、方向的动词。
(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用)。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年北京市】7. —Peter, what are you doing
—Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes.
A. will write B. am writing C. wrote D. have written
2.【2021年海南省】14. — Jerry can you give me a hand
— Just a minute, I ________ an e-mail.
A. have sent B. am sending C. was sending
3.【2021年江西省】22. —What’s the terrible noise
—It’s John. He ________ the violin.
A. practiced B. is practicing C. was practicing D. has praticed
4.【2021年天津市】11. —Where is mum
—In the living room. She ________ a book at the moment.
A. was reading B. will read C. is reading D. has read
5.【2021年重庆市(A卷)】4. Listen! Our science teacher ________ the use of the robot.
A. explains B. explained C. is explaining D. has explained
6.【2021湖南株洲市】9. Look! All the students ________ English poems. Please take a photo for the parents.
A. are reading B. have read C. read
7.【2021年江苏省淮安市】10. —Here comes the bus. Is everyone here
—No. Sam________ a meeting in the school hall now.
A. have B. had C. will have D. is having
8.【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】13. —The classroom is so quiet.
—Yes, all the students _______ for the final exam.
A. prepare B. prepared C. will prepare D. are preparing
9.【2021四川自贡市】7. —What is Jane doing these days
—She ________ a book about the history of new China.
A. reads B. has read C. is reading
一般过去式【热点剖析】【2021江苏扬州市】6. —Have you watched the film Gulliver’s Travels
—Yes, I ________ it during the Spring Festival. What about you
A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. have watched
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你看过《格列佛游记》这部电影吗？——看过，我在春节期间看的。你呢？根据“during the Spring Festival”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题一要看时间标志at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
★★★知识链接★★★
1.表示过去确定时间内发生的动作或状态，常与过去时间状语如yesterday（昨天），two days ago（两天前），last year（去年），the other day（前几天），once upon a time（过去曾经），just now（刚才），in the old days（过去的日子里）等连用：例如：
He lived in Paris until he was six.他在巴黎一直住到6岁。
What did you say just now 你刚才说什么来着
2.表示过去连续发生的动作，在这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。例如：
Where did you grow up 你是在哪儿长大的
My friend spent his childhood in Beijing.我的朋友在北京度过了童年。
3.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always，never等连用。如果强调已经终止的习惯或动作要用used to do sth.。例如：
I used to go to the cinema a lot，but I never get the time now.我过去常去看电影，可现在总是抽不出时间来。
We used to swim every day when we were children.我们还是一群孩子时，天天都去游泳。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年北京市】8. My parents and I ________ trees last Sunday.
A. plant B. will plant C. are planting D. planted
2.【2021年昆明市】6. —What did you do this Dragon Boat Festival
—I ________ the boat races on TV and read books.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch
3.【2021年重庆市（B卷）】7. Last Sunday my brother and I ________ our grandparents.
A. will visit B. visits C. visit D. visited
4.【2021江苏盐城市】5. During Dr Mar’s last visit, he ______ on 150 patients on the ORBIS plane.
A. operates B. is operating C. will operate D. operated
5.【2021浙江省温州市】8. My father ________ me a funny joke and I can’t stop laughing every time I think of it.
A. told B. tells C. will tell D. is telling
6.【2020江西省】34. I don’t know the words to a lot of songs, but I do know some folk songs that my grandma me at an early age.
A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. has taught
7. 【2020 黔西南州】— Peter, have you ever been to the English Corner
— Oh, yes. I ________ there to practice speaking once a week last term.
A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go
8.【2020 江苏省苏州市】— Wow, you’ve made so much progress in drawing.
— Thanks. I _________ two online courses this winter holiday.
A. took B. will take C. take D. was taking
9.【2020 乐山市】—Hello, John. This is Mike. What are you doing now
—I'm watching a film on TV. It ____________ at 7:30 and will be on for another hour.
A. starts B. started C. has started.
10【2020江苏扬州】6.Yesterday Mom________ me some money to buy a dictionary.
A. gives B. gave C. has given D. was giving
过去进行时【热点剖析】【2021年河北省】5. I saw Bob in the garden. He ________ flowers there.
A. waters B. has watered C. is watering D. was watering
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我在花园里看见鲍勃了。他在那里浇花。根据“I saw Bob in the garden.”可知，此处强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选D。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题时间标志判定：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, when, while。
★★★知识链接★★★
过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, when, while等。例如:
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he studying all day last Sunday 上周日他一整天都在研究什么
My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车立上的时候天正在下雨。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年大连市】7. Lingling met her favourite presenter while she ________ the radio station.
A. visits B. will visit C. is visiting D. was visiting
2.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】8. —Oh! What’s wrong with your leg
—I hurt it while I ________ mountains.
A. climb B. was climbing C. am climbing D. have climbed
3.【2021年贵州安顺市】11. While Linda was still sleeping, her mother_________ breakfast in the kitchen.
A. was making B. is making C. has made
4．【2020 北京市】I ___________ on the computer when Frank called me last night.
A. work B. will work C. was working D. am working
5.【2020 贵州黔东南州】—________did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu
—While we ________ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.
A. When; have had B. When; were having C. While; are having D. While; have
6.【2020 黔西南州】While Mike________computer games in his room, his dad came in.
A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays
7.【2020 甘孜州】I _____________ a math problem with Joe when Mike called me up.
A. have discussed B. discussed C. was discussing
8.【2020江苏淮安区】11. Andrew ________ his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea.
A. will sail B. is sailing C. was sailing D. sailed
9.【2020上海】37.Mike________the furniture into his new flat this time yesterday.
A. would move B. was moving C. has moved D. had moved
10.【2020福建泉州】6.—I was shopping with Mike at 8 o'clock last night. What about you
—I ________ a new book named Educated.
A. am reading B. was reading C. will read
过去将来时【热点剖析】【2021江苏镇江市】12. More dinosaur fossils(化石), including footprints, bones or eggs, could ________ in the future.
A. discover B. be discovered C. have discovered D. be discovering
【答案】B
【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：未来可能会发现更多的恐龙化石，包括脚印、骨头或蛋。主语More dinosaur fossils是动作discover的承受者，用含有情态动词could的被动语态表示。故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题主要理解概念即：从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。
★★★知识链接★★★
过去将来时
1、表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。
He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job in 2022.
他希望在2022年能得到更合适的工作。
2、was/were to do sth表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命中注定要发生的事”，而非计划。如：
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年江苏无锡市】5. The company announced it ________ one third of its bookstores the next year as more people chose to read e-books.
A. will close B. would close C. will open D. would open
2. 【2020江苏无锡】4.—You promised that you ________ me to Disneyland, Dad.
—Well, I did, dear. But we have to change the plan.
A. will take B. would take C. has taken D. had taken
一般将来时【热点剖析】【2021年河北省】6. You can borrow this film—surely you ________ watching it.
A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：你可以借这部电影——当然你会喜欢看的。分析“You can borrow this film-surely you…watching it.”可知，此处动作还未发生，用一般将来时，故选C。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题时间标志判定：tomorrow, next/this year/Monday/month…,in+一段时间…，除一般现在时和现在进行时可用来表示按计划、安排就要发生的动作或行为以外，be going to，be to do，be about to do等结构也可以表示将来，特别要注意它们之间的区别。
★★★知识链接★★★
1.shall／will do表示将来发生的动作、存在的状态或计划打算做的事情。例如：
I’m afraid I shan’t be able to come. 我恐怕不能来。
She will be back in a minute. 她一会儿就回来。
2.祈使句+and/or+陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时态。
3.特殊句型结构
①“be going to＋动词原形”表示①现在打算或计划将 来 要做的事情；②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
I'm going to see my friends this weekend.这个周末我打算去看我的朋友。
② “be to＋动词原形”表示①预先安排好的计划或约定；②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等；③表示 注定要发生的事情。 也可用于过去时，was／were to do，表示曾经计划或打算要做的事。
I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven o’clock this morning. 我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。
You are to do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前你得先做完作业。
③“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事， 该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
I was about to go out when it began to rain. 我正要外出，这时开始下雨了。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年广西河池市】8. There ________ a concert in our school hall next week.
A. is B. was C. will be D. will have
2.【2020 北京市】If you take this train, you _________ in Shanghai in five hours.
A. arrive B. will arrive C. arrived D. have arrived
【答案】B
3.【2020湖北襄阳】38. — Has Jack solved the difficult math problem
— Not yet. But I believe he in a few minutes.
A. has worked it out B. will work it out C. was working it out D. works it out
4【2020 凉山州】—Let's go camping if it____________ next Saturday.
—But nobody knows if it ___________.
A. is fine; rains B. will be fine: rains C. is fine: will rain D. will be fine: will rain
5.【2020 浙江温州】16.—Have scientists found life on Mars
—Not yet, but I think they ________it some day.
A. find B. found C. have found D. will find
6.【2020 重庆市B卷】Don't drink coffee before going to bed, or you _________easily.
A. don't fall asleep B. won't fall asleep C. didn't fall asleep D. haven't fallen asleep
现在完成时【热点剖析】
【2021山东菏泽市】8. —It is reported that the First Flight Ceremony of Heze Mudan Airport was held on April 2nd, 2021.
—Yes. Great changes ________ in my hometown since I left home.
A. have taken place B. were taken place C. took place
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——据报道，菏泽牡丹机场于2021年4月2日举行首飞仪式。——是的。自从我离开家以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。根据“since I left home”可知，此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，应使用现在完成时，故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题首先要搞清楚题中所有动作和行为之间的关系，是否有先后顺序。其次，考虑过去的动作是否对现在产生影响或结果。
★★★知识链接★★★
(1)过去的（结束性）动作产生的影响或结果现在还存在。常用already, just, yet, ever, recently
等不具体的过去时间或不带有时间状语；
(2)过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。常用延续性的动词作谓语，也须是表一段时间的词语作时间状语(for+一段时间，since+时间起点，these years, so far, in the past/last years);
(3)当谓语为非延续性动词时，需要转换为延续性动词，常见的转换方式有：
①改为对应的延续性动词：become一be, borrow, keep, lose-not have, buy -have, put on-wear,
catch/get a cold-have a cold.…
②改为be +adj./adv./prep.:come/go back/return-be back, come /go out-be out, close /open- be closed /open, get up -be up, die -be dead, leave-be away, fall asleep -be asleep, finish-be over, marry-be married, begin -be on, arrive at/in-be at/in
(4)have been to曾经去过某地，现在已不在那里了；have gone to到某地去了或在去的路上，说话时该人不在现场；have been in在某地待了多少时间，常与时间段状语连用。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年安徽省】7. —Our computer is working again!
—Yes. Our IT teacher ________ it. It took him about an hour.
A. has fixed B. will fix C. is fixing D. was fixing
2.【2021年北京市】10. Mr. Smith ________ Chinese for two years. He’s much better at it now.
A. learns B. was learning C. has learned D. will learn
3.【2021年河北省】10. William ________ six books, and all of them are bestsellers.
A. will write B. is writing C. has written D. was writing
4.【2021年武汉市】5. — What good books did you read recently
— I ________ Tales of China since last year, and now the third time.
A. read B. am reading C. have read D. will read
5.【2021年南京市】6. I saw Julia in April and I ________ her since then.
A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. won’t see D. haven’t seen
6.【2021年江西省】26. —How do we turn on the oven
—I ________ you, weren’t you listening
A. tell B. am telling C. will tell D. have told
7.【2021年云南省】34. The documentary Aerial China《航拍中国》is wonderful. So far, I ________ it three times.
A. watched B. will watch C. have watched D. watch
8.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】7. What great progress our country ________ since 1949!
A. makes B. made C. is made D. has made
9.【2021年十堰市】11. —Do you know Mount Wudang in Shiyan
—Yes, I _________ it twice. It’s fantastic.
A. had climbed B. climb C. climbed D. have climbed
10.【2021年广西玉林市】8. —Hey! Kate, what about your last winter camp in Hainan
—Oh! It _______ some sweet memories in my heart in the past several months.
A. leaves B. is leaving C. has left D. will leave
11.【2021年江苏苏州市】6. The documentary A Plastic Ocean is so impressive that I ________ it several times so far.
A. watched B. watch C. have watched D. will watch
12.【2021年江苏省宿迁市】3. —Mum, where is David
— He ________ to see the science fiction film Back to the future.
A. is going B. goes C. has gone D. was going
13.【2021江苏镇江市】8. In the past 40 years, Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan.
A. helped B. is helping C. has helped D. will help
14. 【2020 贵州铜仁市】—Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing
—Very cool. I________ there once. I’d like to go there again.
A. has been B. have been C. have gone D. has gone
15.【2020 北京市】We ________ each other since I came to Beijing, but we send emails very often.
A. don't see B. didn't see C. won't see D. haven't seen
被动语态【热点剖析】【2021年北京市】11. Today, many winter Olympic sports ________ even by children.
A. enjoyed B. enjoy C. were enjoyed D. are enjoyed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：今天，许多冬季奥运会项目甚至受到孩子们的喜爱。根据“Today”可知，是一般现在时，根据“by children”可知，表被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
★★★方法探究★★★既然是关于时态和语态的问题，那就应该首先从主语是人还是物和时间状语或状语从句入手，在熟练把握时态结构构成的情况下，结合题干的含义就可以选择出正确的答案。
★★★知识链接★★★
被动语态的构成
时态 构成 例句
一般时态现在时 am/is/are+动词的过去分词 Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.树被植在山的两侧。
一般过去时 was/were十动词的过去分词 The door was locked when we arrived, so we rang the bell. 我们到达的时候门是锁着的所以我们按了门铃。
一般将来时 will/shall +be+动词的过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week by her.这个星期一些树会被她栽种。
含情态动词 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.青少年应该被允许选择自己的家服。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年南京市】9. Our school library ________ with plants, lovely desks and chairs, so I feel relaxed while studying or reading there.
A. decorates B. decorated C. is decorated D. was decorating
2.【2021年天津市】12. The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he ________ by people of all ages.
A. will love B. was loved C. is loved D. will be loved
3.【2021年重庆市(A卷)】8. A lot of trees ________ in our city in spring every year.
A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted
4.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】9. —How clean your bike is!
—Thank you. It ________ very often.
A. is washed B. washes C. was washing D. washed
5.【2021年广西河池市】12. All customers ________ to take their temperatures when they enter the supermarket.
A. is asked B. was asked C. are asked D. were asked
6.【2021年十堰市】10. Fishing _________ in order to protect the ecosystem of Hanjiang River.
A. allows B. is allowed C. isn’t allowed D. won’t allow
7.【2021年广西玉林市】7. —Mom, I feel a little bit hungry now.
—These cakes _______ with chocolate. Have some, please.
A. are filled B. filled C. fill D. are filling
8.【2021年江苏苏州市】8. Now teenagers ________ to do voluntary work for their local commodities.
A. are encouraged B. were encouraged C. have encouraged D. are encouraging
9.【2021江苏盐城市】10. Rainbows ________ when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.
A. produce B. produced C. are produced D. were produced
10.【2021江苏扬州市】13. — Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu
— Sure, You ________ to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.
A. were expected B. will expect C. are expecting D. are expected
11.【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】9. The videos about cooking tell us how food _______.
A. makes B. made C. is made D. was made
12.【2021年海南省】17. The play Teahouse ________ by the famous Chinese writer Lao She.
A. wrote B. was writing C. was written
13.【2021年河北省】9. These gifts ________ by children in their last summer holidays.
A. made B. were made C. make D. are made
14.【2021年武汉市】6. — Did you notice the students ________ a few why questions in Mr. Zhang’s class
— Yes, I think he wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.
A. are asked B. must be asked C. have been asked D. were asked
15.【2021年长春市】24. China Panda Train from Chengdu to Zunyi _________ to use on March 28, 202l.
A. is put B. was put C. will be put D. puts
16.【2021年江西省】28. The man did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He ________ on TV and becomes very known.
A. interviewed B. has interviewed C. was interviewed D. will be interviewed
17.【2021年贵州安顺市】8. As we all know, the telephone ________ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A. invented B. is invented C. was invented
18. 【2021年江苏泰州市】4. —Sir, I have trouble doing the voluntary work for the 20th Games of Jiangsu Province in Taizhou.
—Don’t worry. A lot of support ________ soon.
A. is offered B. will be offered C. was offered D. were offered
19.【2021年大连市】10. The 2022 Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou.
A. hold B. held C. will be held D. have held
20.【2021年四川省成都】7. The Party’s 100th birthday ________ on July 1st this year in our country.
A. will be celebrated B. has been celebrated C. will celebrate
172022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习07时态&语态（解析版）
★★★热点解读★★★
动词的时态和语态问题是各省市中考考查的重点，同时也是很多同学学习起来比较吃力的语法现象，主要是通过语境或时间词来判断正确的时态。语态一般不单独设题，通常结合时态进行综合考查。中考中对动词时态的考查热点主要有：
1. 一般现在时、过去时、将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等基本用法
2. 一般现在时在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中表示将来
3. 现在进行时的特殊形式及表达的意义
4.各个时态的被动语态
一般现在时【热点剖析】
【2021年北京市】9. —Lily, what do you usually do after school
—I ________ exercise with my friends.
A. do B. did C. will do D. was doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——莉莉，放学后你通常做什么？——我和我的朋友一起锻炼。根据“what do you usually do after school”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形，故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★一般现在时表示按照制定好的计划或日程将要发生的动作或行为，且这种计划比较客观和固定，不易更改，和现在进行时表将来比起来更正式。现在进行时可表示按照当前或临时计划、安排近期内即将发生的动作或行为，谓语动词多为go／come／leave／start等表示位置移动的动词。也可带有其他情态意义，有时含有下“决心”的意思，常用于否定句中。例如：I am not meeting him any more．(=1 won't meeting him any more．)一般过去时和过去进行时也有类似的用法。
★★★知识链接★★★
①用一般现在时表示将来往往出现在下列从句中：if，unless，even if等引导的条件状语
从句中；when，before，after，once，until，till，as soon as，the moment，immediately等引导的时间状语从句；no matter what／who／which／when／where／how或whatever／whoever／whenever／wherever／however／whichever引导的让步状语从句。从句中用一般现在时表示将来，主句中往往用到will，shall，can，must等情态动词或祈使句。例如：
I’ll give the letter to him immediately he comes back．我会在他回来后立即把信交给他。
Wait until he talks to you．等到他和你说话。
②只有少数动词如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等可以用在表示按照制定好的计划或日程即将发生的动作或行为的时态中。例如：
The plane arrives at seven．飞机在七点到达。
The train leaves at nine thirty in the morning．火车早上九点半出发。
③当主句是过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时。例如：
He thought he would go to the doctor's when he finished his homework．他以为当他完成家庭作业时，他应该去看医生。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年武汉市】4. — We ________ very simply and do not spend much money on food.
— That’s why you’re called the Greens.
A. eat B. ate C. will eat D. had eaten
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——我们吃的很简单，不花费太多钱在食物上。——这就是你们为什么被称为the Greens。 “吃的简单，不花费太多钱在食物上”是事实，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时。故选A。
2.【2021年广西河池市】13. Mrs. Green will take her son to the amusement park if she ________ the tickets.
A. got B. gets C. is getting D. will get
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果格林夫人买到票，她将带她儿子去游乐园。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称，动词用三单形式，故选B。
3.【2021年十堰市】7. Mid-Autumn Day usually _________ on August 15th in the lunar calendar（阴历）every year.
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. will come
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：中秋节通常在每年农历的八月十五。根据“every year”可知，时态一般现在时，主语Mid-Autumn Day是第三人称单数，动词用三单，故选B。
4【2020湖南郴州】8.— I really want to go to college for further study.
— Believe in yourself. If you ________ hard, your dream will come true.
A. will study B. studied C. study
【答案】C
【解析】考查“主将从现”原则。句意：——我真的很想上大学深造。 ——相信自己。如果你努力学习，你的梦想就会实现。在由if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句的时态是一般将来时，那么从句要用一般现在时。故选C。
5.【2020湖北恩施州】6.I hear that it often ________ in Sichuan and there are usually floods, especially in summer.
A. rains B. rained C. will rain
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我听说四川经常下雨，而且经常有洪水，特别是在夏天。本句为that引导的宾语从句，遵循“主现从不限”原则，根据从句中often可知，从句时态应为一般现在时，即四川经常下雨。故选A。
6.【2020上海】36.Every year thousands of tourists ________the mountain area to relax themselves.
A. visited B. were visiting C. visit D. have visited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：每年都有成千上万的游客到山区来放松自己。根据Every year“每年”可知，句子用一般现在时态，主语tourists复数，谓语动词用原形visit。故选C。
现在进行时【热点剖析】【2021年四川省成都】4. The spirit of ox（牛）________ an important role for China's development this year.
A. is playing B. was playing C. played
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：今年，“牛之精神”在中国的发展中发挥着重要作用。
根据“this year”可知，此句应用现在时，三个选项中只有A选项是现在进行时，故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题一要看时间标志now, at this moment..，二要注意提示词look, listen。
★★★知识链接★★★
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come, leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have， wear等表示移动、方向的动词。
(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用)。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年北京市】7. —Peter, what are you doing
—Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes.
A. will write B. am writing C. wrote D. have written
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——彼得，你在干什么？——哦，我在写一篇关于国家英雄的报道。根据“what are you doing”可知，此处强调动作正在发生，使用现在进行时，故选B。
2.【2021年海南省】14. — Jerry can you give me a hand
— Just a minute, I ________ an e-mail.
A. have sent B. am sending C. was sending
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——Jerry，你能帮我下吗？——稍等，我正在发邮件。根据“Just a minute...”可知Jerry请求帮助，说话时正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。故选B。
3.【2021年江西省】22. —What’s the terrible noise
—It’s John. He ________ the violin.
A. practiced B. is practicing C. was practicing D. has praticed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——那可怕的声音是什么？——是约翰。他正在练习小提琴。根据“What’s the terrible noise ”可知，此处表示动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选B。
4.【2021年天津市】11. —Where is mum
—In the living room. She ________ a book at the moment.
A. was reading B. will read C. is reading D. has read
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——妈妈在哪里？——在客厅。她此刻正在读书。
根据“Where is mum ”和“at the moment”可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选C。
5.【2021年重庆市(A卷)】4. Listen! Our science teacher ________ the use of the robot.
A. explains B. explained C. is explaining D. has explained
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：听！我们的科学老师正在解释机器人的用法。根据提示词“Listen”可知，此句应用现在进行时be doing的结构，故选C。
6.【2021湖南株洲市】9. Look! All the students ________ English poems. Please take a photo for the parents.
A. are reading B. have read C. read
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：看，所有的学生正在读英语诗歌。请为父母拍一张照片。根据“look”可知句子讲述的是正在发生的事，用现在进行时，谓语动词用“are reading”。故选A。
7.【2021年江苏省淮安市】10. —Here comes the bus. Is everyone here
—No. Sam________ a meeting in the school hall now.
A. have B. had C. will have D. is having
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——公共汽车来了。每个人都在这里吗？——不。萨姆正在学校大厅里开会。根据“now”可知，此句用现在进行时be doing的结构，故选D。
8.【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】13. —The classroom is so quiet.
—Yes, all the students _______ for the final exam.
A. prepare B. prepared C. will prepare D. are preparing
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——教室里是那么安静。——是的，所有学生正在准备期末考试。根据“The classroom is so quiet.”的语境可知，空处的动作应是正在进行，故句子应用现在进行时，构成形式为：be doing；主语“all the students”是复数形式，助动词应用are；prepare的现在分词是preparing。故选D。
9.【2021四川自贡市】7. —What is Jane doing these days
—She ________ a book about the history of new China.
A. reads B. has read C. is reading
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——简最近在做什么？——她正在读一本关于新中国历史的书。根据“What is Jane doing these days ”可知要用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are doing。故选C。
一般过去式【热点剖析】【2021江苏扬州市】6. —Have you watched the film Gulliver’s Travels
—Yes, I ________ it during the Spring Festival. What about you
A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. have watched
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你看过《格列佛游记》这部电影吗？——看过，我在春节期间看的。你呢？根据“during the Spring Festival”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题一要看时间标志at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
★★★知识链接★★★
1.表示过去确定时间内发生的动作或状态，常与过去时间状语如yesterday（昨天），two days ago（两天前），last year（去年），the other day（前几天），once upon a time（过去曾经），just now（刚才），in the old days（过去的日子里）等连用：例如：
He lived in Paris until he was six.他在巴黎一直住到6岁。
What did you say just now 你刚才说什么来着
2.表示过去连续发生的动作，在这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。例如：
Where did you grow up 你是在哪儿长大的
My friend spent his childhood in Beijing.我的朋友在北京度过了童年。
3.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always，never等连用。如果强调已经终止的习惯或动作要用used to do sth.。例如：
I used to go to the cinema a lot，but I never get the time now.我过去常去看电影，可现在总是抽不出时间来。
We used to swim every day when we were children.我们还是一群孩子时，天天都去游泳。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年北京市】8. My parents and I ________ trees last Sunday.
A. plant B. will plant C. are planting D. planted
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我的父母和我上星期天种树。根据“last Sunday”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选D。
2.【2021年昆明市】6. —What did you do this Dragon Boat Festival
—I ________ the boat races on TV and read books.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. will watch
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——这个端午节你做了什么 ——我在电视上看了划船比赛还看书。根据上文“What did you do this Dragon Boat Festival ”可知这是一个一般过去时态的句子，因此回答需要相应的过去式来表示过去的动作，故选B。
3.【2021年重庆市（B卷）】7. Last Sunday my brother and I ________ our grandparents.
A. will visit B. visits C. visit D. visited
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：上周日我和哥哥去看望了我们的祖父母。根据句中时间状语“Last Sunday”可知，该句应用一般过去时，谓语动词visit的过去式为visited，故选D。
4.【2021江苏盐城市】5. During Dr Mar’s last visit, he ______ on 150 patients on the ORBIS plane.
A. operates B. is operating C. will operate D. operated
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在马尔医生最后一次访问时，他在奥比斯飞机上为150名病人做了手术。根据“During Dr Mar’s last visit”可知，动作发生在过去，是一般过去时，故选D。
5.【2021浙江省温州市】8. My father ________ me a funny joke and I can’t stop laughing every time I think of it.
A. told B. tells C. will tell D. is telling
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我爸爸给我讲了一个有趣的笑话，我每次想到它就忍不住笑。
every time I think of it每次想起这个故事，说明“讲故事”的动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故选A。
6.【2020江西省】34. I don’t know the words to a lot of songs, but I do know some folk songs that my grandma me at an early age.
A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. has taught
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：我不知道歌词的很多歌曲，但我知道在很小的时候我奶奶教我的一些民歌。根据at an early age，可知时态是一般过去时，用动词过去式。
7. 【2020 黔西南州】— Peter, have you ever been to the English Corner
— Oh, yes. I ________ there to practice speaking once a week last term.
A. went B. go C. have gone D. will go
【答案】A
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：——彼得，你去过英语角吗？ ——哦，是的。上学期我每周去一次那里练习口语。根据句中last term提示，空格处谓语应用一般过去时，表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作和行为，故选A。
8.【2020 江苏省苏州市】— Wow, you’ve made so much progress in drawing.
— Thanks. I _________ two online courses this winter holiday.
A. took B. will take C. take D. was taking
【答案】A
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：——哇，你在画画方面进步太多了。 ——谢谢。今年寒假我上了两门网络课程。根据上句的现在完成时及本句中的this winter holiday可知，“上两门网络课程”是发生在过去且已经完成的事情，应用一般过去时，故选A。
9.【2020 乐山市】—Hello, John. This is Mike. What are you doing now
—I'm watching a film on TV. It ____________ at 7:30 and will be on for another hour.
A. starts B. started C. has started.
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你好，约翰。我是迈克。你现在在做什么？——我正在电视上看电影。七点半开始的，还要持续一个小时。根据句意理解及前句I’m watching a film on TV.可知，空格表达的是动作“开始”是过去发生的，所以应该用过去时，故选B。
10【2020江苏扬州】6.Yesterday Mom________ me some money to buy a dictionary.
A. gives B. gave C. has given D. was giving
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：昨天妈妈给了我一些钱买字典。根据句意理解及句中的时间yesterday可知，动作是发生在过去的，所以应该用一般过去时，故选B。
过去进行时【热点剖析】【2021年河北省】5. I saw Bob in the garden. He ________ flowers there.
A. waters B. has watered C. is watering D. was watering
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我在花园里看见鲍勃了。他在那里浇花。根据“I saw Bob in the garden.”可知，此处强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选D。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题时间标志判定：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, when, while。
★★★知识链接★★★
过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, when, while等。例如:
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he studying all day last Sunday 上周日他一整天都在研究什么
My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车立上的时候天正在下雨。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年大连市】7. Lingling met her favourite presenter while she ________ the radio station.
A. visits B. will visit C. is visiting D. was visiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：玲玲在参观广播电台时遇到了她最喜欢的主持人。根据“met”可知，从句也用过去的时态，排除A/B/C选项，此处表达的是过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，故选D。
2.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】8. —Oh! What’s wrong with your leg
—I hurt it while I ________ mountains.
A. climb B. was climbing C. am climbing D. have climbed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——哦！你的腿怎么了？——我爬山时弄伤了它。while引导的时间状语从句，主句阐述过去发生的事情，hurt是一般过去时，从句表示过去某个时段正在发生的事情，用过去进行时was/were doing的结构，故选B。
3.【2021年贵州安顺市】11. While Linda was still sleeping, her mother_________ breakfast in the kitchen.
A. was making B. is making C. has made
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：琳达还在睡觉的时候，她妈妈正在厨房里做早餐。根据“While Linda was still sleeping”可知，此处强调在过去的某个时间点，动作正在发生，用过去进行时，故选A。
4．【2020 北京市】I ___________ on the computer when Frank called me last night.
A. work B. will work C. was working D. am working
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：弗兰克昨晚打电话给我时，我正在用电脑工作。根据题干中“when Frank called me last night”可知此处表示当某件事情发生的时候，另一件事情正在进行，when引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。故选C。
5.【2020 贵州黔东南州】—________did the rainstorm come, Mr. Liu
—While we ________ a chemistry lesson yesterday afternoon.
A. When; have had B. When; were having C. While; are having D. While; have
【答案】B
【解析】考查when和while的区别以及动词的时态。句意：——刘老师，暴风雨什么时候来的？——昨天下午我们正在上化学课的时候。When什么时候；根据句意可知，问句提问的是暴风雨到来的时间，并且问句的动词come是短暂性动词，而while引导的从句中的动词必须是延续性动词，所以第一空用特殊疑问词when，排除选项C和D。根据答句的句意和yesterday afternoon可知，第二空应该用与过去相关的时态，故选B。
6.【2020 黔西南州】While Mike________computer games in his room, his dad came in.
A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。根据句意迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时，他爸爸进来了。可知前面是正在发生，后面 came 是过去式，所以前面要用过去进行时，构成是was/were＋doing，故答案选B。
7.【2020 甘孜州】I _____________ a math problem with Joe when Mike called me up.
A. have discussed B. discussed C. was discussing
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：Mike打电话给我时，我正在与Joe讨论一道数学难题。根据called可知事情发生在过去，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，“讨论”这个动作可以持续进行，故应用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing.故选C。
8.【2020江苏淮安区】11. Andrew ________ his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea.
A. will sail B. is sailing C. was sailing D. sailed
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：安德鲁正在一场大风暴中驾驶他的船，这时一条巨大的鱼从海里冒了出来。
9.【2020上海】37.Mike________the furniture into his new flat this time yesterday.
A. would move B. was moving C. has moved D. had moved
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：昨天的这个时候迈克正在把家具搬进他的新居。根据“this time yesterday”，可知句子是过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词的现在分词，主语Mike是第三人称单数。故选B。
10.【2020福建泉州】6.—I was shopping with Mike at 8 o'clock last night. What about you
—I ________ a new book named Educated.
A. am reading B. was reading C. will read
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时态。句意：——昨晚8点我正在和Mike购物。你呢？——我正在读一本名叫《 Educated》的新书。根据句中“was shopping”可知上句时态为过去进行时 ，所以下句也要用过去进行时，强调当时正在做的事情，was reading符合题意，故选B。
过去将来时【热点剖析】【2021江苏镇江市】12. More dinosaur fossils(化石), including footprints, bones or eggs, could ________ in the future.
A. discover B. be discovered C. have discovered D. be discovering
【答案】B
【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：未来可能会发现更多的恐龙化石，包括脚印、骨头或蛋。主语More dinosaur fossils是动作discover的承受者，用含有情态动词could的被动语态表示。故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题主要理解概念即：从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。
★★★知识链接★★★
过去将来时
1、表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。
He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job in 2022.
他希望在2022年能得到更合适的工作。
2、was/were to do sth表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示“命中注定要发生的事”，而非计划。如：
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年江苏无锡市】5. The company announced it ________ one third of its bookstores the next year as more people chose to read e-books.
A. will close B. would close C. will open D. would open
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：该公司宣布，由于越来越多的人选择阅读电子书，明年将关闭三分之一的书店。close关闭；open打开；根据“announced”可知，从句要用过去的某种事态，排除A/C选项；根据“as more people chose to read e-books.”可知，此处指的是关闭三分之一的书店，故选B。
2. 【2020江苏无锡】4.—You promised that you ________ me to Disneyland, Dad.
—Well, I did, dear. But we have to change the plan.
A. will take B. would take C. has taken D. had taken
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——你答应过要带我去迪斯尼乐园的，爸爸。 ——嗯，是的，亲爱的。 但我们必须改变计划。will take 动词的一般将来形式；would take 动词过去将来形式；has taken 动词现在完成形式；had taken动词过去完成形式。根据空前的you promise可知，主句是一般过去式，所以从句为过去的某种时态；根据回答“Well, I did, dear. But we have to change the plan.”可知，事情还没有发生，所以从句为将来时态，结合主句为一般过去时可知，从句为过去将来时态。故选B。
一般将来时【热点剖析】【2021年河北省】6. You can borrow this film—surely you ________ watching it.
A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：你可以借这部电影——当然你会喜欢看的。分析“You can borrow this film-surely you…watching it.”可知，此处动作还未发生，用一般将来时，故选C。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题时间标志判定：tomorrow, next/this year/Monday/month…,in+一段时间…，除一般现在时和现在进行时可用来表示按计划、安排就要发生的动作或行为以外，be going to，be to do，be about to do等结构也可以表示将来，特别要注意它们之间的区别。
★★★知识链接★★★
1.shall／will do表示将来发生的动作、存在的状态或计划打算做的事情。例如：
I’m afraid I shan’t be able to come. 我恐怕不能来。
She will be back in a minute. 她一会儿就回来。
2.祈使句+and/or+陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时态。
3.特殊句型结构
①“be going to＋动词原形”表示①现在打算或计划将 来 要做的事情；②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
I'm going to see my friends this weekend.这个周末我打算去看我的朋友。
② “be to＋动词原形”表示①预先安排好的计划或约定；②表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等；③表示 注定要发生的事情。 也可用于过去时，was／were to do，表示曾经计划或打算要做的事。
I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven o’clock this morning. 我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。
You are to do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前你得先做完作业。
③“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事， 该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
I was about to go out when it began to rain. 我正要外出，这时开始下雨了。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年广西河池市】8. There ________ a concert in our school hall next week.
A. is B. was C. will be D. will have
【答案】C
【解析】考查there be句型的一般将来时。句意：下周我们学校礼堂将有一场音乐会。根据“there”及“next week”可知，此处用there be句型的一般将来时结构there will+动词原形，且there be句型不能与have一起连用，故选C。
2.【2020 北京市】If you take this train, you _________ in Shanghai in five hours.
A. arrive B. will arrive C. arrived D. have arrived
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：如果你坐这趟火车，你将在五小时内到达上海。本题是以if引导的条件状语从句，时态上要符合“主将从现”，所以空格处应用一般将来时will do，故选B。
3.【2020湖北襄阳】38. — Has Jack solved the difficult math problem
— Not yet. But I believe he in a few minutes.
A. has worked it out B. will work it out C. was working it out D. works it out
【答案】 B
【解析】考查时态。workout 计算出;解答。A.是现在完成时，B.是一般将来时; C.是过去
进行时; D.是一般现在时。依据答句中标志词“in a few minutes 几分钟以后”可知选B项。
4【2020 凉山州】—Let's go camping if it____________ next Saturday.
—But nobody knows if it ___________.
A. is fine; rains B. will be fine: rains C. is fine: will rain D. will be fine: will rain
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：凉山州——如果下星期六天气好的话，我们去野营吧。——但没人知道会不会下雨。根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知，第一句中的if是引导的条件状语从句，表示“如果”，所以符合“主将从现”的用法，空格在从句中，所以应该用一般现在时，所以排除答案B/ D选项，而第二句中的if是引导的是宾语从句，表示“是否”，表示这个动作还没有发生，所以应该用一般将来时，故选C。
5.【2020 浙江温州】16.—Have scientists found life on Mars
—Not yet, but I think they ________it some day.
A. find B. found C. have found D. will find
【答案】D
【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：——科学家在火星上发现生命了吗？——还没有，但我想他们总有一天会找到的。根据答句中“some day”可知，句中时态为一般将来时，所以此处使用will find。故选D。
6.【2020 重庆市B卷】Don't drink coffee before going to bed, or you _________easily.
A. don't fall asleep B. won't fall asleep C. didn't fall asleep D. haven't fallen asleep
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：睡觉之前不要喝咖啡，否则你很难入睡。这句话使用了句型：祈使句+and/or+简单句，简单句中常用一般将来时态。故选B。
现在完成时【热点剖析】
【2021山东菏泽市】8. —It is reported that the First Flight Ceremony of Heze Mudan Airport was held on April 2nd, 2021.
—Yes. Great changes ________ in my hometown since I left home.
A. have taken place B. were taken place C. took place
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——据报道，菏泽牡丹机场于2021年4月2日举行首飞仪式。——是的。自从我离开家以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。根据“since I left home”可知，此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，应使用现在完成时，故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题首先要搞清楚题中所有动作和行为之间的关系，是否有先后顺序。其次，考虑过去的动作是否对现在产生影响或结果。
★★★知识链接★★★
(1)过去的（结束性）动作产生的影响或结果现在还存在。常用already, just, yet, ever, recently
等不具体的过去时间或不带有时间状语；
(2)过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。常用延续性的动词作谓语，也须是表一段时间的词语作时间状语(for+一段时间，since+时间起点，these years, so far, in the past/last years);
(3)当谓语为非延续性动词时，需要转换为延续性动词，常见的转换方式有：
①改为对应的延续性动词：become一be, borrow, keep, lose-not have, buy -have, put on-wear,
catch/get a cold-have a cold.…
②改为be +adj./adv./prep.:come/go back/return-be back, come /go out-be out, close /open- be closed /open, get up -be up, die -be dead, leave-be away, fall asleep -be asleep, finish-be over, marry-be married, begin -be on, arrive at/in-be at/in
(4)have been to曾经去过某地，现在已不在那里了；have gone to到某地去了或在去的路上，说话时该人不在现场；have been in在某地待了多少时间，常与时间段状语连用。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年安徽省】7. —Our computer is working again!
—Yes. Our IT teacher ________ it. It took him about an hour.
A. has fixed B. will fix C. is fixing D. was fixing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——我们的电脑又能工作了！——是的。我们的IT老师把它修好了。这花了他大约一个小时。根据“Our computer is working again”可知，强调过去已完成的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选A。
2.【2021年北京市】10. Mr. Smith ________ Chinese for two years. He’s much better at it now.
A. learns B. was learning C. has learned D. will learn
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：史密斯先生学汉语已经两年了。他现在做得好多了。根据“for two years”可知，强调时间的延续，用现在完成时，故选C。
3.【2021年河北省】10. William ________ six books, and all of them are bestsellers.
A. will write B. is writing C. has written D. was writing
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：威廉写了六本书，都是畅销书。根据“William…six books, and all of them are bestsellers.”可知，此处强调动作已经完成，用现在完成时，故选C。
4.【2021年武汉市】5. — What good books did you read recently
— I ________ Tales of China since last year, and now the third time.
A. read B. am reading C. have read D. will read
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你最近看什么好书了？——我从去年就开始读《中国好故事》，现在是第三遍。根据“...since last year...”可知动作从过去某一时间开始延续至今，用现在完成时。故选C。
5.【2021年南京市】6. I saw Julia in April and I ________ her since then.
A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. won’t see D. haven’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我四月份见过朱莉娅，从那以后就再没见过她。
根据“since then”可知，时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语为I，助动词用have，此处表示否定用haven’t。故选D。
6.【2021年江西省】26. —How do we turn on the oven
—I ________ you, weren’t you listening
A. tell B. am telling C. will tell D. have told
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——我们怎么打开烤箱？——我已经告诉过你，你当时没在听吗？根据“How do we turn on the oven”及“weren’t you listening”可知，表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选D。
7.【2021年云南省】34. The documentary Aerial China《航拍中国》is wonderful. So far, I ________ it three times.
A. watched B. will watch C. have watched D. watch
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：纪录片《航拍中国》很棒。到目前为止，我已经看了三次了。根据“So far”可知，此处用现在完成时，强调次数，故选C。
8.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】7. What great progress our country ________ since 1949!
A. makes B. made C. is made D. has made
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：自1949年以来，我们国家取得了多么大的进步啊！根据“since 1949”可知，since+过去的时间点，要与现在完成时一起连用，结构为have/has done，故选D。
9.【2021年十堰市】11. —Do you know Mount Wudang in Shiyan
—Yes, I _________ it twice. It’s fantastic.
A. had climbed B. climb C. climbed D. have climbed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你知道十堰的武当山吗？——是的，我爬了两次。太棒了。根据“twice”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示已经去过武当山，带来的影响就是熟悉武当山那个地方，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，故选D。
10.【2021年广西玉林市】8. —Hey! Kate, what about your last winter camp in Hainan
—Oh! It _______ some sweet memories in my heart in the past several months.
A. leaves B. is leaving C. has left D. will leave
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——嘿！凯特，你上次在海南的冬令营怎么样？——哦！在过去的几个月里，它在我心中留下了一些甜蜜的回忆。根据“in the past several months”可知此处要用现在完成时，过去发生的事情对现在造成了影响，其结构为has/have done。故选C。
11.【2021年江苏苏州市】6. The documentary A Plastic Ocean is so impressive that I ________ it several times so far.
A. watched B. watch C. have watched D. will watch
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：纪录片《塑料海洋》令人印象深刻，到目前为止我已经看过好几次了。根据“so far”可知，此处用现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语为I，助动词用have。故选C。
12.【2021年江苏省宿迁市】3. —Mum, where is David
— He ________ to see the science fiction film Back to the future.
A. is going B. goes C. has gone D. was going
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——妈妈，大卫在哪？——他去看科幻电影《回到未来》了。
大卫“看电影”的动作发生在过去，并且对上文两人之间的对话产生影响，故为现在完成时态，结构是have/has done。故选C。
13.【2021江苏镇江市】8. In the past 40 years, Zhang Guimei ________ many girls from poor areas in Yunnan.
A. helped B. is helping C. has helped D. will help
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的40年里，张桂梅帮助了许多来自云南贫困地区的女孩。根据“in the past 40 years”可知，此句用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选C。
14. 【2020 贵州铜仁市】—Maria, what do you think of Mount Fanjing
—Very cool. I________ there once. I’d like to go there again.
A. has been B. have been C. have gone D. has gone
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态辨析。句意：——玛丽亚，你认为梵净山怎么样？——非常棒。我曾经到过那里，我想再去一次。has been去过已回，第三人称单数；have been原形；have gone去了未回，原形；has gone第三人称单数。根据“I’d like to go there again.”可知，她去过已回；主语为I，用动词原形，故选B。
15.【2020 北京市】We ________ each other since I came to Beijing, but we send emails very often.
A. don't see B. didn't see C. won't see D. haven't seen
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：自从我来北京，我们就没见过面，但我们经常发电子邮件。根据since I came to Being可知，此处用现在完成时，故选D。
被动语态【热点剖析】【2021年北京市】11. Today, many winter Olympic sports ________ even by children.
A. enjoyed B. enjoy C. were enjoyed D. are enjoyed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：今天，许多冬季奥运会项目甚至受到孩子们的喜爱。根据“Today”可知，是一般现在时，根据“by children”可知，表被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
★★★方法探究★★★既然是关于时态和语态的问题，那就应该首先从主语是人还是物和时间状语或状语从句入手，在熟练把握时态结构构成的情况下，结合题干的含义就可以选择出正确的答案。
★★★知识链接★★★
被动语态的构成
时态 构成 例句
一般时态现在时 am/is/are+动词的过去分词 Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.树被植在山的两侧。
一般过去时 was/were十动词的过去分词 The door was locked when we arrived, so we rang the bell. 我们到达的时候门是锁着的所以我们按了门铃。
一般将来时 will/shall +be+动词的过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week by her.这个星期一些树会被她栽种。
含情态动词 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.青少年应该被允许选择自己的家服。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年南京市】9. Our school library ________ with plants, lovely desks and chairs, so I feel relaxed while studying or reading there.
A. decorates B. decorated C. is decorated D. was decorating
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们学校的图书馆装饰着植物，可爱的书桌和椅子，所以我在那里学习或阅读时感到很放松。根据句意可知，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；结合语境，应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“Our school library”是第三人称单数形式，故be用is；decorate的过去分词是decorated。故选C。
2.【2021年天津市】12. The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he ________ by people of all ages.
A. will love B. was loved C. is loved D. will be loved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：孙悟空是中国传统的卡通英雄。今天，他受到了各年龄段人们的喜爱。主语he与动词love之间是被动关系，根据“today”可知，此空应填一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。
3.【2021年重庆市(A卷)】8. A lot of trees ________ in our city in spring every year.
A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：每年春天我们城市都种了很多树。主语A lot of trees是动作plant的承受者，根据“every year”可知，是一般现在时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are done。故选A。
4.【2021年湖北仙桃江汉油田潜江天门】9. —How clean your bike is!
—Thank you. It ________ very often.
A. is washed B. washes C. was washing D. washed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你的自行车真干净！——谢谢。它经常被洗。It指代your bike，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态；“它经常被洗”是经常性的动作，应当用一般现在时。所以此处使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。
5.【2021年广西河池市】12. All customers ________ to take their temperatures when they enter the supermarket.
A. is asked B. was asked C. are asked D. were asked
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：所有顾客进入超市时都被要求量体温。主语all customers与动词ask之间是被动关系，且根据“enter”可知，句子用一般现在时，故此处应填一般现在时被动语态is/am/are done结构，故选C。
6.【2021年十堰市】10. Fishing _________ in order to protect the ecosystem of Hanjiang River.
A. allows B. is allowed C. isn’t allowed D. won’t allow
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：为了保护汉江的生态系统，禁止捕鱼。句子主语Fishing与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且这种行为是不被允许的，应用否定形式，故选C。
7.【2021年广西玉林市】7. —Mom, I feel a little bit hungry now.
—These cakes _______ with chocolate. Have some, please.
A. are filled B. filled C. fill D. are filling
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——妈妈，我现在觉得有点饿了。——这些蛋糕满满的巧克力。请吃一些。are filled一般现在时的被动结构；filled过去式；fill动词原形；are filling现在进行时结构；句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用被动结构，构成短语be filled with“装满”，故选A。
8.【2021年江苏苏州市】8. Now teenagers ________ to do voluntary work for their local commodities.
A. are encouraged B. were encouraged C. have encouraged D. are encouraging
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：现在鼓励青少年为当地的商品做义工。句子主语teenagers与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除C/D选项；陈述事实用一般现在时的被动，结构是“am/is/are+done”，故选A。
9.【2021江苏盐城市】10. Rainbows ________ when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.
A. produce B. produced C. are produced D. were produced
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时，彩虹就产生了。主语“Rainbows”与动词“produce”之间是被动关系，根据“passes”可知，句子用一般现在时，故此空应填一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。
10.【2021江苏扬州市】13. — Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu
— Sure, You ________ to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.
A. were expected B. will expect C. are expecting D. are expected
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——吴老师，下周我们一定要读一些什么吗 ——当然，你们要读《黑骏马》从58页到85页。根据上文“Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu ”结合“Sure, You … to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.”可知主语和谓语动词expect之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用被动语态，句子时态是一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，即be+动词的过去分词，主语是you，be动词用are，expect的过去分词是expected，故选D。
11.【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】9. The videos about cooking tell us how food _______.
A. makes B. made C. is made D. was made
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这个关于烹饪的视频告诉我们食物是如何制作的。该句是对现在情况的描述，则应用一般现在时；从句主语food和谓语make是被动关系，则此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是主语+is/am/are done。故选C。
12.【2021年海南省】17. The play Teahouse ________ by the famous Chinese writer Lao She.
A. wrote B. was writing C. was written
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：著名的中国作家老舍写了话剧《茶馆》。根据主语“The play Teahouse”及“by the famous Chinese writer Lao She”可知表达被动含义，用一般过去时的被动形式“was written”。故选C。
13.【2021年河北省】9. These gifts ________ by children in their last summer holidays.
A. made B. were made C. make D. are made
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些礼物是孩子们在上一个暑假里做的。主语gifts与谓语make之间为被动关系，故应用“be动词+过去分词”的被动语态结构，且根据last summer holidays提示，句子应用过去时，故空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态结构，故选B。
14.【2021年武汉市】6. — Did you notice the students ________ a few why questions in Mr. Zhang’s class
— Yes, I think he wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.
A. are asked B. must be asked C. have been asked D. were asked
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你注意到在张先生的课堂上，学生们被问了一些为什么的问题吗？——是的，我想他是想训练他们的深度思考能力。主语the students是动作ask的承受者，根据“Did you notice”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done。故选D。
15.【2021年长春市】24. China Panda Train from Chengdu to Zunyi _________ to use on March 28, 202l.
A. is put B. was put C. will be put D. puts
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：从成都到遵义的中国熊猫专列于2021年3月28日投入使用。主语China Panda Train与动词put之间是被动关系，且“March 28, 2021”是一般过去时的标志词，故此空应填一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选B。
16.【2021年江西省】28. The man did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He ________ on TV and becomes very known.
A. interviewed B. has interviewed C. was interviewed D. will be interviewed
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中表现出色。他因为接受了电视采访而出名了。主语he是动作interview的承受者，根据语境可知，采访的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
17.【2021年贵州安顺市】8. As we all know, the telephone ________ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A. invented B. is invented C. was invented
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：众所周知，电话是亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明的。主语the telephone是动作invent的承受者，用被动语态，结合“in 1876”可知，是一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。
18. 【2021年江苏泰州市】4. —Sir, I have trouble doing the voluntary work for the 20th Games of Jiangsu Province in Taizhou.
—Don’t worry. A lot of support ________ soon.
A. is offered B. will be offered C. was offered D. were offered
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：——先生，我在泰州参加江苏省第20届运动会的志愿工作有困难。——别担心。很快就会提供大量的支持。根据句意，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；再结合时间状语“soon”可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态，构成形式为：will be done；offer的过去分词是offered。故选B。
19.【2021年大连市】10. The 2022 Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou.
A. hold B. held C. will be held D. have held
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：2022年亚运会将在杭州举行。根据主语“The 2022 Asian Games”与动词hold的关系可知，此处应用被动语态，2022是将来的时间，应用一般将来时的被动，故选C。
20.【2021年四川省成都】7. The Party’s 100th birthday ________ on July 1st this year in our country.
A. will be celebrated B. has been celebrated C. will celebrate
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：今年7月1日我国将庆祝建党100周年。根据“on July 1st this year”可知时态是一般将来时，且主语The Party’s 100th birthday与谓语动词celebrate之间是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。
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