2022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习10数词&主谓一致(原版)
★★★热点解读★★★
数词和主谓一致也是中考命题点之一,数词其主要考查基数词转变为序数词易错的八、九变形以及分数和数百、千、万的正确表达。主谓一致主要考查语法一致和就近原则的用法。
数词【热点剖析】
【2021辽宁营口】4. He got ________ birthday cakes on his ________ birthday.
A. second;fifteen B. two;fifteen C. second;fifteenth D. two;fifteenth
【答案】D
【解析】考查基数词和序数词辨析。句意:他15岁生日时得到了两个生日蛋糕。second第二,序数词;two二,基数词;fifteen十五,基数词;fifteenth第十五,序数词。根据句意,空一表示数量,应用基数词,故排除A、C项;空二表示顺序,应用序数词,故排除B项。故选D。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题需要特别注意的基数词变序数词一、二、三、五、八和九及以ty结尾的数词变化;分数的表达法,当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。
★★★知识链接★★★
基数词和序数词
基数词主要表示数量。十位和个位之间须用连字符号“一”;百位数和十位数之间要用and。
如: 31→thirty-one, 465→four hundred and sixty →five
②序数词主要表示次第,前面常用定冠词。注意第一、二、三、五、八、九、十二的拼写。
③第21~29、3l~39……91~99的序数词形式,只变个位数,而十位数则用基数词;若是多位的基数词变序数词,只需将末位数字变成序数词,前面的数词不变;当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时,必须在该数字之后加上序数词的最后两个字母。如:第31→thirty-first(31st)
④百以上的序数词表示方法:hundred-hundredth,thousand-thousandth
⑤千以上的数字读法:从后面往前每三位数字作为一个单位,用逗号分开。第一个逗号读作
thousand,第二个逗号读作million。另外,“万”用ten thousand,“十万”用a hundred thousand表示。billion在美国为十亿,在英国为万亿;英国的十亿是one thousand million。
特殊用法
1.表示年、月、日时,年份用基数词,某日用序数词。
July5th,1989-1989年7月5日(读为July the fifth, nineteen eighty-nine)
August 1st,2015 2015年8月1日(读为August first, two thousand and fifteen)
2表示年代时,在年份的阿拉伯数字后面加-5或3。如
1730'/1730s seventeen thirties十八世纪三十年代
1960'/1960s nineteen sixties二十世纪六十年代
the late nineties九十年代末期
the early eighties八十年代初期
the mid1960'/1960 s the mid nineteen sixties二十世纪六十年代中期
3.表示某人几十几岁时,将表示整十位的基数词改成其复数形式。如:
Tom went to New York in his twenties.汤姆在二十多岁时去了纽约。
4.分数作主语时,谓语动词由of后面的名词来确定。of后面的名词为可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;of后面的名词为不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Two thirds of the work is hard to finish.三分之二的工作很难完成。
Two thirds of the students in our class are League members.我们班里三分之二的学生是团员。
基数词变序数词 口诀:
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021四川达州】5. My mother will be ________ years old next week. I’m planning to buy a gift for her ________ birthday.
A. fourty; fourtieth B. forty; fortieth C. fourty; fortieth D. forty; fourtieth
2.【2021年青海省西宁市】2. —I like number “9” best, because I think it stands for “long lasting”.
—Me too. So I chose ________ floor to live on.
A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth D. nineteen
3.【2021年甘肃天水】8. —What’s twenty and fifty
—It’s ________
A. fifty B. seventy C. eighty D. ninety
4.【2021年广西玉林市】3. —Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school
—In our school, _______of the teachers _______ women teachers.
A. third fourth; are B. third fourth; is C. three fourths; is D. three fourths; are
5.【2021湖南株洲市】1. On July 1st, we’ll celebrate the ________ birthday of the CPC.
A. hundredth B. hundred C. hundreds
主谓一致
★★★热点解读★★★
1.考查单、复数名词及并列连词连接的名词作主语时的主谓一致
2.考查从句、动名词、不定式作主语时的主谓一致
3.考查there be及either…or…等连接名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致
主谓一致【热点剖析】
【2021辽宁营口】7. One thousand kilometers ________ quite a long way to the ancient, but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air.
A. was B. had C. were D. have
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词和主谓一致。句意:一千公里在古代是相当长的一段路,但是现在我们坐飞机可以在大约一个小时内完成这段旅程。was是;had有;were是;have有。结合句意,此处表示古代一千公里是相当长一段路,表示判断,排除BD两项,主语one thousand kilometers,表示距离,作主语,看成一个整体,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题注意either…or…;neither…nor; not only…but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词单复数的判定。
★★★知识链接★★★
语法一致
主语 谓语 例句
单个单数名词或代词,动词不定式(短语)、动名词短语或从句 单数 The girl is fond of singing.这个女孩喜欢唱歌。Watching the tea preparation is just enjoyable as drinking the tea itself,观看泡茶的过程和喝茶本身一样令人愉快。
复数名词或代词 复数 They all like their hometown.他们都爱他们的家乡。
两个及两个以上由and连接的并列主语。
①表示不同概念时用复数;表示同一概念时用单数 The writer and teacher is coming,那个作家兼老师要来了。
②前面有each, every, many a,no等词修饰时,通常用单数 The writer and the teacher are coming.那个作家和那个老师要来了。Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。
both.…and…. 连接的并列主语 复数 Both Peter and Mike come from England.彼得和迈克都来自英格兰。
单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, as well as, like等 单数 Everyone except Jim and Tim has a new book.除了吉姆和蒂姆外,每个人都有一本新书。
the+形容词 复数 The young are energetic.年轻人精力充沛。
在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语 谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致 He is one of my friends who are working hard.他是我那些努力学习的朋友中的一个。
由“plenty of/ a lot of/the rest of+名词” “分数/百分词十名词”构成的短语 由短语中的名词的数而定 Two thirds of the work has been finished.三分之二的工作已经被完成了。Lots of old people like to take walks there, too.很多老人也喜欢去那儿散步。
意义一致
主语 谓语 例句
集体名词如family, team, group. class等 当整体看待用单数;强调成员用复数 My host family is really nice.我的寄宿家庭真的很好。(作为整体时,用单数)It‘s 9:00a.m.and Zhu Hui's family are at home.早上9点,朱辉的家人都在家。(指每个成员时,用复数)
表示书目、时间、金钱或距离的名词 单数 Two pounds isn't so heavy. 两磅并不是很重。
each. either, neither或由some, any no-,every构成的复合不定代词 单数 Everyone was on vacation.每个人都在度假。
none 指量用单数:与可数名词连用,指数目时,单复数皆可;指代不可数名词,用单数 None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。None of the students has have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一名学生去过埃及。
a great many+ n./a(great) number of +n. 复数 Only a very small number of people make it to the top.仅有极少数的人能够做到最好。
the number of +n. 单数 The number of the men teachers in our school is more than120.我们学校男老师的数目多于120。
cattle,people, police等表示复数意义的名词 复数 The police are searching for the murderer.警察们正在搜寻那个杀人犯。
就近一致
主语 谓语 示例
由either…or连接 由or后的主语决定 Either you or Tom is going shopping with me.你或者汤姆将和我一起去购物。
由neither…nor连接 由nor后的主语决定 Neither you nor he is wrong.你和他都没有错。
由not only …but also连接 由but also后的主语决定 Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.不仅吉姆还有他的朋友们正在欣赏电影。
there/here be+并列主语 由靠近be的主语决定 Here are some books and paper for you.这里有些书和纸张是给你的。There is an orange and two apples on the plate.盘子里有一个橙子和两个草果。
特别注意:l. what从句作主语时,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。
What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。
2.某些以-s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如the United States, the Netherlands等,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021四川泸州】6. —Where is Lucy I haven’t seen her for days
—She ________ Chengdu. She’ll be back next week.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
2.【2021四川遂宁】2. The number of the whales ________ smaller and smaller because of human activities now.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
3.【2021年长春市】14. There __________ two people waiting for you outside now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
4.【2021年江苏省淮安市】4. Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
5.【2021年广西河池市】11. Not only Peter but also his father ________ crazy about the basketball match.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
6.【2021年贵州安顺市】3. Volunteering our time to help people __________ a good way to learn new things.
A. am B. is C. are
7.【2021年长春市】14. There __________ two people waiting for you outside now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8.【2020 贵州铜仁市】—Are there any notebooks on COVID-19【新冠肺炎病毒】 in your school
—________. They tell us how to protect ourselves in this big event.
A. Yes, they are B. Yes, there are C. Yes, there is D. Yes, it is
基变序,有规律,词尾要加th
一二三,特殊记,词尾分别t,d,d(first second third )
八去t ,九去e,ve要用f替;
ty变作tie,再加th莫忘记;
若遇几十几,只变个位就可以。
172022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习10数词&主谓一致(解析版)
★★★热点解读★★★
数词和主谓一致也是中考命题点之一,数词其主要考查基数词转变为序数词易错的八、九变形以及分数和数百、千、万的正确表达。主谓一致主要考查语法一致和就近原则的用法。
数词【热点剖析】
【2021辽宁营口】4. He got ________ birthday cakes on his ________ birthday.
A. second;fifteen B. two;fifteen C. second;fifteenth D. two;fifteenth
【答案】D
【解析】考查基数词和序数词辨析。句意:他15岁生日时得到了两个生日蛋糕。second第二,序数词;two二,基数词;fifteen十五,基数词;fifteenth第十五,序数词。根据句意,空一表示数量,应用基数词,故排除A、C项;空二表示顺序,应用序数词,故排除B项。故选D。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题需要特别注意的基数词变序数词一、二、三、五、八和九及以ty结尾的数词变化;分数的表达法,当分子大于1时,分母用复数形式。
★★★知识链接★★★
基数词和序数词
基数词主要表示数量。十位和个位之间须用连字符号“一”;百位数和十位数之间要用and。
如: 31→thirty-one, 465→four hundred and sixty →five
②序数词主要表示次第,前面常用定冠词。注意第一、二、三、五、八、九、十二的拼写。
③第21~29、3l~39……91~99的序数词形式,只变个位数,而十位数则用基数词;若是多位的基数词变序数词,只需将末位数字变成序数词,前面的数词不变;当序数词用阿拉伯数字表示时,必须在该数字之后加上序数词的最后两个字母。如:第31→thirty-first(31st)
④百以上的序数词表示方法:hundred-hundredth,thousand-thousandth
⑤千以上的数字读法:从后面往前每三位数字作为一个单位,用逗号分开。第一个逗号读作
thousand,第二个逗号读作million。另外,“万”用ten thousand,“十万”用a hundred thousand表示。billion在美国为十亿,在英国为万亿;英国的十亿是one thousand million。
特殊用法
1.表示年、月、日时,年份用基数词,某日用序数词。
July5th,1989-1989年7月5日(读为July the fifth, nineteen eighty-nine)
August 1st,2015 2015年8月1日(读为August first, two thousand and fifteen)
2表示年代时,在年份的阿拉伯数字后面加-5或3。如
1730'/1730s seventeen thirties十八世纪三十年代
1960'/1960s nineteen sixties二十世纪六十年代
the late nineties九十年代末期
the early eighties八十年代初期
the mid1960'/1960 s the mid nineteen sixties二十世纪六十年代中期
3.表示某人几十几岁时,将表示整十位的基数词改成其复数形式。如:
Tom went to New York in his twenties.汤姆在二十多岁时去了纽约。
4.分数作主语时,谓语动词由of后面的名词来确定。of后面的名词为可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;of后面的名词为不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Two thirds of the work is hard to finish.三分之二的工作很难完成。
Two thirds of the students in our class are League members.我们班里三分之二的学生是团员。
基数词变序数词 口诀:
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021四川达州】5. My mother will be ________ years old next week. I’m planning to buy a gift for her ________ birthday.
A. fourty; fourtieth B. forty; fortieth C. fourty; fortieth D. forty; fourtieth
【答案】B
【解析】考查数词。句意:我妈妈下星期就四十岁了。我打算为她四十岁生日买件礼物。forty四十;fortieth第四十;第一空是年龄的表达,结构是“基数词+years old”,所以第一空用基数词,而A和C选项拼写错误,故排除A和C选项;第二空表达的是“第……岁生日”,应用序数词表示,D选项拼写错误,故选B。
2.【2021年青海省西宁市】2. —I like number “9” best, because I think it stands for “long lasting”.
—Me too. So I chose ________ floor to live on.
A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth D. nineteen
【答案】C
【解析】考查数词。句意:——我最喜欢数字“9”,因为我认为它代表“持久”。——我也是。所以我选择住在九楼。nine九,基数词;ninth第九,序数词;the ninth第九,the+序数词;nineteen十九,基数词。根据“floor”可知此处表示第九层,用序数词ninth表顺序,其前加定冠词the。故选C。
3.【2021年甘肃天水】8. —What’s twenty and fifty
—It’s ________
A. fifty B. seventy C. eighty D. ninety
【答案】B
【解析】考查数词。句意:——二十加五十等于多少?——七十。fifty五十;seventy七十;eighty八十;ninety九十。根据“What’s twenty and fifty ”和数字运算可知,二十加五十等于七十。故选B。
4.【2021年广西玉林市】3. —Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school
—In our school, _______of the teachers _______ women teachers.
A. third fourth; are B. third fourth; is C. three fourths; is D. three fourths; are
【答案】D
【解析】考查分数表达法及其用法。句意:——苏珊,你们学校有多少女老师?——在我们学校,四分之三的教师是女教师。在英语中,分数的表达方法是:基数词(分子)+序数词(分母),分子超过1时,分母加s,故排除A、B项;含有分数主语的谓语动词形式,由of后面的名词决定,句中of后的名词teachers是复数形式,故谓语动词应用复数形式are。故选D。
5.【2021湖南株洲市】1. On July 1st, we’ll celebrate the ________ birthday of the CPC.
A. hundredth B. hundred C. hundreds
【答案】A
【解析】考查序数词。句意:在7月1日,我们将庆祝中国共产党成立100周年。
hundredth 第100,序数词;hundred 100,基数词;hundreds100,基数词复数形式。根据“we’ll celebrate the … birthday of the CPC”可知,此处指第100周年,用序数词表顺序,故选A。
主谓一致
★★★热点解读★★★
1.考查单、复数名词及并列连词连接的名词作主语时的主谓一致
2.考查从句、动名词、不定式作主语时的主谓一致
3.考查there be及either…or…等连接名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致
主谓一致【热点剖析】
【2021辽宁营口】7. One thousand kilometers ________ quite a long way to the ancient, but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air.
A. was B. had C. were D. have
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词和主谓一致。句意:一千公里在古代是相当长的一段路,但是现在我们坐飞机可以在大约一个小时内完成这段旅程。was是;had有;were是;have有。结合句意,此处表示古代一千公里是相当长一段路,表示判断,排除BD两项,主语one thousand kilometers,表示距离,作主语,看成一个整体,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故选A。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题注意either…or…;neither…nor; not only…but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词单复数的判定。
★★★知识链接★★★
语法一致
主语 谓语 例句
单个单数名词或代词,动词不定式(短语)、动名词短语或从句 单数 The girl is fond of singing.这个女孩喜欢唱歌。Watching the tea preparation is just enjoyable as drinking the tea itself,观看泡茶的过程和喝茶本身一样令人愉快。
复数名词或代词 复数 They all like their hometown.他们都爱他们的家乡。
两个及两个以上由and连接的并列主语。
①表示不同概念时用复数;表示同一概念时用单数 The writer and teacher is coming,那个作家兼老师要来了。
②前面有each, every, many a,no等词修饰时,通常用单数 The writer and the teacher are coming.那个作家和那个老师要来了。Each boy and each girl has got a present.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。
both.…and…. 连接的并列主语 复数 Both Peter and Mike come from England.彼得和迈克都来自英格兰。
单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, as well as, like等 单数 Everyone except Jim and Tim has a new book.除了吉姆和蒂姆外,每个人都有一本新书。
the+形容词 复数 The young are energetic.年轻人精力充沛。
在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语 谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致 He is one of my friends who are working hard.他是我那些努力学习的朋友中的一个。
由“plenty of/ a lot of/the rest of+名词” “分数/百分词十名词”构成的短语 由短语中的名词的数而定 Two thirds of the work has been finished.三分之二的工作已经被完成了。Lots of old people like to take walks there, too.很多老人也喜欢去那儿散步。
意义一致
主语 谓语 例句
集体名词如family, team, group. class等 当整体看待用单数;强调成员用复数 My host family is really nice.我的寄宿家庭真的很好。(作为整体时,用单数)It‘s 9:00a.m.and Zhu Hui's family are at home.早上9点,朱辉的家人都在家。(指每个成员时,用复数)
表示书目、时间、金钱或距离的名词 单数 Two pounds isn't so heavy. 两磅并不是很重。
each. either, neither或由some, any no-,every构成的复合不定代词 单数 Everyone was on vacation.每个人都在度假。
none 指量用单数:与可数名词连用,指数目时,单复数皆可;指代不可数名词,用单数 None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。None of the students has have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一名学生去过埃及。
a great many+ n./a(great) number of +n. 复数 Only a very small number of people make it to the top.仅有极少数的人能够做到最好。
the number of +n. 单数 The number of the men teachers in our school is more than120.我们学校男老师的数目多于120。
cattle,people, police等表示复数意义的名词 复数 The police are searching for the murderer.警察们正在搜寻那个杀人犯。
就近一致
主语 谓语 示例
由either…or连接 由or后的主语决定 Either you or Tom is going shopping with me.你或者汤姆将和我一起去购物。
由neither…nor连接 由nor后的主语决定 Neither you nor he is wrong.你和他都没有错。
由not only …but also连接 由but also后的主语决定 Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.不仅吉姆还有他的朋友们正在欣赏电影。
there/here be+并列主语 由靠近be的主语决定 Here are some books and paper for you.这里有些书和纸张是给你的。There is an orange and two apples on the plate.盘子里有一个橙子和两个草果。
特别注意:l. what从句作主语时,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
What we need is time.我们需要的是时间。
What she needs are good books.她需要的是一些好书。
2.某些以-s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如the United States, the Netherlands等,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021四川泸州】6. —Where is Lucy I haven’t seen her for days
—She ________ Chengdu. She’ll be back next week.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
【答案】A
【解析】考查have gone to的用法。句意:——露西在哪里?我好几天没见到她了。——她去成都了。她下周回来。have gone to表示说话人现在去了某地没回来;have been to表示说话人去过某地。根据“She’ll be back next week.”可知,露西去了成都没回来,主语“She”是第三人称单数,故助动词用“has”。故选A。
2.【2021四川遂宁】2. The number of the whales ________ smaller and smaller because of human activities now.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:由于现今人类的活动,鲸鱼的数量越来越少。was/were是,be动词的过去式;is是,be动词单数形式;are是,be动词复数形式;由“now”可知,句子应用一般现在时,排除A/B选项;the number of+复数名词表示“……的数量”,谓语动词要用单数形式,be动词应用is,故选C。
3.【2021年长春市】14. There __________ two people waiting for you outside now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:现在有两个人在外面等你。根据“now”可知,句子应用一般现在时,排除C/D选项;there be句型中be动词形式取决于其后的名词,“two people”是复数名词,be动词应用are,故选B。
4.【2021年江苏省淮安市】4. Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:Sandy和Millie都对烹饪感兴趣。他们经常在周末学习做饭。
both…and连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,be interested in doing sth“对做某事感兴趣”,此空应填be的复数形式are,故选C。
5.【2021年广西河池市】11. Not only Peter but also his father ________ crazy about the basketball match.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:不仅彼得而且他的父亲也对这场篮球比赛很着迷。
not only…but also连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,离谓语最近主语his father是第三人称,be动词用单数形式is,故选B。
6.【2021年贵州安顺市】3. Volunteering our time to help people __________ a good way to learn new things.
A. am B. is C. are
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:自愿花时间帮助别人是学习新事物的好方法。Volunteering our time to help people为动名词作主语,说的是自愿花时间帮助别人这件事情,动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。故选B。
7.【2021年长春市】14. There __________ two people waiting for you outside now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:现在有两个人在外面等你。根据“now”可知,句子应用一般现在时,排除C/D选项;there be句型中be动词形式取决于其后的名词,“two people”是复数名词,be动词应用are,故选B。
8.【2020 贵州铜仁市】—Are there any notebooks on COVID-19【新冠肺炎病毒】 in your school
—________. They tell us how to protect ourselves in this big event.
A. Yes, they are B. Yes, there are C. Yes, there is D. Yes, it is
【答案】B
【解析】考查there be结构。句意:——你们学校有关于COVID-19的手册吗?——是的,它们告诉我们在这个重大事件中如何保护自己。根据问句是there be结构,答语也要用there be结构回答,故排除A和D;根据问句的主语是“any notebooks”,be动词要用复数形式,故排除C,故选B。
基变序,有规律,词尾要加th
一二三,特殊记,词尾分别t,d,d(first second third )
八去t ,九去e,ve要用f替;
ty变作tie,再加th莫忘记;
若遇几十几,只变个位就可以。
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