2022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习13定语从句(原版)
★★★热点解读★★★
定语从句也是中考考查重点之一,主要考查引导词who,whom,that和which的选择,其难点在于分析关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分,从而准确确定关系代词。
【热点剖析】
1.【2021湖北鄂州】10. —Yuan Longping is a hero ________ is known for developing hybrid rice(杂交水稻).
—Yes. He is a great man.
A. which B. whom C. what D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:——袁隆平是以发展杂交水稻而闻名的英雄。——是的。他是个伟人。which关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为物;whom关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为人,在从句中作宾语;what不能引导定语从句;that关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为物或人,在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知,空处的词是引导定语从句,先行词为人,且引导词在从句中作主语,应用that。故选D。
2.【2021辽宁营口】17. I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。which哪一个;what什么;who谁;whom谁,who的宾语。该句为定语从句,且从句中缺宾语,先行词place指物,故应用关系代词which,故选A。
3.【2021四川乐山】31. —Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme _________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A. who B. that C. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——你喜欢中央电视台的每周脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然。这是一个很好的电视节目,它让公众重新养成了阅读的习惯。
who先行词是人;what不能引导定语从句;此句是定语从句,先行词TV programme指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用that引导定语从句,指人或物。故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题首先要分析句子结构,确定句子主干。分析定语从句部分,确定先行词并分析在句子中所作的成分,从而确定引导词。
★★★知识链接★★★
定语从句that,who与whom引导
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that,who, whom 主语、宾语 人 The bag that lies on the ground is hers.地上的那个包是她的。(关系代词that修饰 bag的定语从句中充当主语) The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher.我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。(关系代词 that在修饰man的定语从句中充当宾语)She likes musicians who play different kinds of music.她喜欢那些能够演奏不同种类乐曲的音乐家。She is a teacher whom I like best.她是我最喜欢的老师。
that,which 主语、宾语 物 I love music that/which)I can sing along with.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。
whose 定语 人/物 The room whose window is open is mine.窗户开着的那个房间是我的。
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我的妈妈工作的学校。
why 状语 原因 That is the reason why I came here. 那就是我来这儿的原因。
定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况:
(l)当先行词为anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时,只能使用that。如:
Is there anything that I can do for you 我能为你做点什么吗?
(2)当先行词为all, any, much, many等词时,只能使用that。如:
Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把所有发生的事情都告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用that。如:
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能使用that。如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,只能使用that。如:
This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你走出困境的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人和物时,只能使用that。如:
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的人和事。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年长春市】23. I will never forget the people _________ helped me a lot during my hard time.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
2.【2021年青海省西宁市】6. —I have read books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.
—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.
A. how B. who C. what D. that
3.【2021年四川省成都】8. Zhang Hong, a Chinese, is the first Asian blind climber ________ has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A. who B. whose C. which
4.【2021年云南省】32. Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ was honored as “The Father of Hybrid Rice”.
A. when B. who C. which D. whose
5.【2021年甘肃天水】17. A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
6.【2021年贵州安顺市】13. Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A. who B. which C. whose
7.【2021年十堰市】13. This is the first birthday gift _________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
8.【2021湖南株洲市】7. The active ladies like music ________ they can dance to.
A. that B. where C. who
9. 【2021四川达州】14. —Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.
A. what; which B. what; what C. which; what D. which; where
172022年中考英语二轮热点语法复习13定语从句(解析版)
★★★热点解读★★★
定语从句也是中考考查重点之一,主要考查引导词who,whom,that和which的选择,其难点在于分析关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分,从而准确确定关系代词。
【热点剖析】
1.【2021湖北鄂州】10. —Yuan Longping is a hero ________ is known for developing hybrid rice(杂交水稻).
—Yes. He is a great man.
A. which B. whom C. what D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:——袁隆平是以发展杂交水稻而闻名的英雄。——是的。他是个伟人。which关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为物;whom关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为人,在从句中作宾语;what不能引导定语从句;that关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为物或人,在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知,空处的词是引导定语从句,先行词为人,且引导词在从句中作主语,应用that。故选D。
2.【2021辽宁营口】17. I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。which哪一个;what什么;who谁;whom谁,who的宾语。该句为定语从句,且从句中缺宾语,先行词place指物,故应用关系代词which,故选A。
3.【2021四川乐山】31. —Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme _________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A. who B. that C. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——你喜欢中央电视台的每周脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然。这是一个很好的电视节目,它让公众重新养成了阅读的习惯。
who先行词是人;what不能引导定语从句;此句是定语从句,先行词TV programme指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用that引导定语从句,指人或物。故选B。
★★★方法探究★★★此类试题首先要分析句子结构,确定句子主干。分析定语从句部分,确定先行词并分析在句子中所作的成分,从而确定引导词。
★★★知识链接★★★
定语从句that,who与whom引导
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that,who, whom 主语、宾语 人 The bag that lies on the ground is hers.地上的那个包是她的。(关系代词that修饰 bag的定语从句中充当主语) The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher.我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。(关系代词 that在修饰man的定语从句中充当宾语)She likes musicians who play different kinds of music.她喜欢那些能够演奏不同种类乐曲的音乐家。She is a teacher whom I like best.她是我最喜欢的老师。
that,which 主语、宾语 物 I love music that/which)I can sing along with.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。
whose 定语 人/物 The room whose window is open is mine.窗户开着的那个房间是我的。
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我的妈妈工作的学校。
why 状语 原因 That is the reason why I came here. 那就是我来这儿的原因。
定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况:
(l)当先行词为anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时,只能使用that。如:
Is there anything that I can do for you 我能为你做点什么吗?
(2)当先行词为all, any, much, many等词时,只能使用that。如:
Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把所有发生的事情都告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用that。如:
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能使用that。如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,只能使用that。如:
This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你走出困境的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人和物时,只能使用that。如:
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的人和事。
★★★真题回放★★★
1.【2021年长春市】23. I will never forget the people _________ helped me a lot during my hard time.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:我永远不会忘记那些在我困难时期帮助过我的人。which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语;whose关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作定语;whom关系代词,指人,在从句中作宾语;句子先行词是people,指人,在从句中作主语,应用who引导,故选B。
2.【2021年青海省西宁市】6. —I have read books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.
—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.
A. how B. who C. what D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:——我读过查尔斯·狄更斯写的书。——我也是。大卫·科波菲尔是我的最爱。how关系副词,引导定语从句,在从句中作状语;who关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为人;what不能引导定语从句;that关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物,且引导词在从句中作主语,应用that引导定语从句。故选D。
3.【2021年四川省成都】8. Zhang Hong, a Chinese, is the first Asian blind climber ________ has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A. who B. whose C. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:中国人张洪是第一位登上珠穆朗玛峰的亚洲攀登者。who谁,先行词是人;whose谁的,先行词为人,whose在从句中作定语;which哪个,先行词为物。此句定语从句的先行词是人,且疑问词在从句中作主语,用who引导的定语从句。故选A。
4.【2021年云南省】32. Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ was honored as “The Father of Hybrid Rice”.
A. when B. who C. which D. whose
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。when先行词指时间,且在从句中作时间状语;who先行词指人,且在从句中作主语;which先行词指物,且在从句中作主语或宾语;whose先行词指人或物,相当于who或which的所有格。题干中先行词“a great scientist”指人,且在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句。故选B。
5.【2021年甘肃天水】17. A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:真正的朋友是一个帮助你并且让你感动的人。本句中先行词 person为定语从句的逻辑主语,且指人,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者who;结合句意和选项可知选C。
6.【2021年贵州安顺市】13. Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A. who B. which C. whose
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐作品。
who关系代词,指人,作主语;which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;whose关系代词,指人或物,作定语;先行词“music”,指物,在从句中作主语,应用which引导,故选B。
7.【2021年十堰市】13. This is the first birthday gift _________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我保存了很多年了。which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;that关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语;what不能引导定语从句;句子先行词是gift,指物,而先行词前有序数词修饰,应用that引导,故选B。
8.【2021湖南株洲市】7. The active ladies like music ________ they can dance to.
A. that B. where C. who
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:活跃的女士们喜欢可以随着音乐跳舞的音乐。此句是定语从句,先行词music指物,在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句,故选A。
9. 【2021四川达州】14. —Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.
A. what; which B. what; what C. which; what D. which; where
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词及定语从句关系词。句意:——你能告诉我你最喜欢哪一类电影吗?——嗯……我喜欢让我笑的电影。根据“... kind of movies”可知此处用what kind表示“什么种类”;the movies后用定语从句作后置定语,先行词“the movies”指物, 此处用which引导定语从句。故选A。
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