(共28张PPT)
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
Section A Grammar Focus-3c
人教新目标版 七年级下
warm up
Let’s watch a video about David.
Lead in
There are so many rules that David must follow. Can you find these rules
Let’s look at these sentences.
No yelling!
Don’t chew gum in class!
No pushing!
No running!
Sit down!
Raise your hands!
Keep your hands to yourself!
Wait your turn!
Lead in
What do they have in common
No yelling!
Don’t chew gum in class!
No pushing!
No running!
Sit down!
Raise your hands!
Keep your hands to yourself!
Wait your turn!
缺少主语
表示命令、请求、劝告、警告和禁止等的句子。
祈使句
imperative sentence
Lead in
we can use imperative sentence to tallk about rules.
[ m per t v] 祈使语气
There are mnamy rules in the classroom and library.
Don’t be/arrive late for class.
Don’t run in the hallway.
Don’t eat in class.
Lead in
Don’t listen to music in class.
Don’t fight with your classmates.
Listen to the teacher carefully.
How about the rules in the library
Don’t talk.
Don’t eat in the library.
Don’t listen to music in the library.
Don’t take photos in the library.
Lead in
What should we do in a library
Lead in
Read and speak quietly.
Please wait in line.
Behave yourselves!
Presentation
Observe this chart and let’s read the sentences.
Grammar Focus
Don’t run in the hallways. Don’t fight.
What are the rules We must be on time for class.
Can we eat in the classroom No, we can’t, but we can eat in the dining hall.
Can we wear a hat in class Yes, we can./No, we can’t.
Does he have to wear a uniform at school Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
What do you have to do We have to be quiet in the library.
Don’t run in the hallways. Don’t fight.
What are the rules We must be on time for class.
Can we eat in the classroom No, we can’t, but we can eat in the dining hall.
Can we wear a hat in class Yes, we can./No, we can’t.
Does he have to wear a uniform at school Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
What do you have to do We have to be quiet in the library.
Grammar Focus
Can you find four modal verbs
must/can/have to+v.原形
can表许可
must强调主观意愿，表示“必须”
have to强调客观意愿，表示“不得不”
Grammar Focus
How do we change them into negative ones (否定形式)
can表许可
must强调主观意愿，表示“必须”
have to强调客观意愿，表示“不得不”
can’t 表不允许
mustn’t 表“禁止”
don’t have to
表“没必要”
无人称和
时态变化
有人称和
时态变化
Let’s translate some sentences.
Grammar Focus
1.学生禁止在河里游泳。(mustn’t)
2.Cindy周末没必要早起. (don’t have to)
3.John不能在教室打篮球。
Students mustn’t swim in the river.
Cindy doesn’t have to get up early in the morning.
John can’t play basketball in the classroom.
Grammar Focus
What are imperative sentences How many types of imperative sentences
祈使句的类型
Get up
Be careful!
Give that to me.
把那个给我
Eat your breakfast.
Help!
Read this book.
起床
救命啊！
吃你的早餐
读这本书
小心！
1.以实义动词原形开头。
2.以Be动词原形开头。
How can we make it more polite
Grammar Focus
Please close the door.
come in, please.
3. Please用在句首或句尾。
请关门
请进
Today is Monday.
Let’s clean the classroom!
It’s cold.
Let’s not go out.
4. Let's+V.原形， 表示建议.
让我们打扫教室吧！
我们别出去了。
祈使句的否定形式
Grammar Focus
Don’t fight with your classmates.
Don’t run in the hallway.
Don’t eat in class.
Don’t listen to music in class.
No swimming！
No smoking！
No photos！
No parking！
Summary
Do型：动词原形+（宾语）+其他.
肯定结构
否定结构
Be型：Be+表语+其他成分.
Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
Don’t型：Don’t+动词原形+（宾语）+其他.
Don’t+Be+表语+其他成分.
Don’t+Let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+(其他)。
Please型：Please+动词原形+其他.
动词原形+其他, Please.
No型：No+名词
祈使句
3a
Write the rules for the school library.
Library Rules
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
Don’t talk.
1
2
3
4
Don’t eat in the library.
Don’t listen to music in the library.
Don’t take photos in the library.
Presentation
3b
Listen. What rules are these students breaking Write the numbers after the names.
Be quiet
Q: Does she have to be quiet in the library
(she/have to/in the library)
A: Yes, she does.
Eat
Q:_________________________________
(he/have to/in the dining hall)
A:_________________________________
Listen to music
Q:_________________________________
(we/can/in the hallways)
A:_________________________________
Wear a hat
Q:_________________________________
(we/can/in the classroom)
A:_________________________________
Does he have to eat in the dining hall
Can we listen to music in the hallways
Can we wear a hat in the classroom
Presentation
Presentation
wear a hat
Listen to music
Eat
Do we have any library rules in our school Ask and answer in pairs.
Do you have to... in the library
Yes,.../No,...
Be quiet
Presentation
the students/have to/clean classroom/every day
she/have to/be at home/at five o’clock
she/have to/do morning reading/every day
we/can/arrive at school/late
Make more conversations using these words.
3c
Presentation
Make up five cool rules for your dream school. Share your rules with the class. Your classmates vote for the Coolest School!
1.We can eat in class.
2.We don’t have to come to school every day.
3. ...
At my dream
school, we don’t have
to come to school
every day. We...
Exercises
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. David, _______ make trouble at school.
A. can’t B. don’t C. doesn’t
( ) 2. —Mom, can I play computer games this evening
—_______ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it.
A. Finishing B. Finish C. To finish D. Finished
( ) 3. Buses _______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can B. may C. must
B
B
C
Exercises
( ) 4. We should keep quiet in the library. We _____ speak loudly( 大声地).
A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. needn’t
( ) 5. I _____ go now, or I’ll miss my train.
A. can B. might C. must D. could
( ) 6. He _____ stay at home, because it’s raining outside.
A. have to B. has to C. must D. can’t
B
B
C
Exercises
二、句型转换（每空一词）。
1. Talk in class. (改为否定句)
______ ______ in class.
2. I have to do my homework after school. (对画线部分提问)
______ ______ you ______ ______ ______ after school
3. We have to listen to the teacher. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
______ we ______ ______ listen to the teacher
______, we ______.
Don’t
talk
Do
have to
What
do
have to do
Yes
do
Exercises
4. She has to wear the uniform at school. (改一般疑问句，并肯定回答)
_____ she _____ to wear the uniform at school
_____, she _____.
5. We can run in the hallways. (改为否定句)
We _____ run in the hallways.
Yes does
Does have
can’t
Homework
1. Write down ten sentences about what you can or can’t do in yourhouse.
3. Finish the exercises in the workbook.
4. Preview (Section B (1a-1d)).
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
Section A (Grammar Focus-3c)导学案
学 年 2021-2022年度第二学期 科目 七年级英语 课题 Unit 4 Section A (Grammar Focus-3c) 授课时间
主 备 人 使用人 七年级师生 课型 语法课 审核签字 学案序号 4-2
学习目标 能够识记理解本节课上遇到的新单词，短语，和句型。 熟练掌握解祈使句的用法。 熟练掌握must，can，have to的用法。
重 点 熟练掌握解祈使句的用法，正确使用祈使句的肯定形式与否定形式。 运用don’t，must，can，have to来描述学校的规章制度。
难 点
教师寄语 No rules, no standards.(无规矩不成方圆。)
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 不要在走廊里跑。不要打架。__________________________________________________________________________________—规则是什么？—我们必须准时上课。__________________________________________________________________________________—我们能在教室吃饭吗？—不，我们不能，但我们可以在餐厅吃饭。__________________________________________________________________________________—我们可以在课堂上戴帽子吗？—是的，我们可以/不，我们不能。__________________________________________________________________________________—他在学校必须穿制服吗？—是的，他有/不，他没有。__________________________________________________________________________________—你们不得不做什么？—我们不得不在图书馆保持安静。__________________________________________________________________________________
二、汉译英。 学生禁止在河里游泳。(mustn’t)Cindy周末没必要早起. (don’t have to)John不能在教室打篮球。
精讲点拨 祈使句的用法 祈使句通常以动词原形开头，用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告和禁止等的句子称为祈使句。否定式在动词原形前面加don't。其主语是第二人称，所以通常省略主语，句末使用感叹号或者句号。 eg：Go and wash your hands！快去洗手！（命令） Be quite, please！ 请安静！（请求） Be kind to the children.善待孩子们。（劝告） Watch your steps!小心脚下!（警告） No photos!禁止拍照! No Smoking!禁止吸烟!（禁止） 祈使句的结构类型 肯定结构： 类型例子DO型：动词原形+（宾语）+其他Please write down your name.请写下你的名字。 Open the window，please.请打开窗户。Be型：Be+表语+其他成分Be a good girl！做一个好孩子！ Be quick！快一点！Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他Let me help you！我来帮你吧！ Let's clean the classroom!（Let's=Let us） 让我们来打扫教室!
否定结构: 类型例子DO型：Don t+动词原形+（宾语）+其他Please don t write down your name. 请不要写下你的名字。 Don t open the window，please. 请不要打开窗户。Be型：Don t+Be+表语+其他成分Don t be a good girl！别做个好女孩！ Don t be quick！别这么快！Let型：Don t+Let+宾语+动词原形+其他Don t Let me help you！别让我帮你！ Let's not clean the classroom! 我们不打扫教室!Let+宾语+not+动词原形+(其他)。
补充： 1、No+名词的复数或动词-ing形式（即动名词）也作为祈使句，这种类型的祈使句常用作标志语或说明，意为“严禁（不准、禁止）做某事”。 eg：No smoking. 不准吸烟。 No photos. 不准拍照。 2、也可以用名词（动名词）、形容词、副词、动词等直接表达。这种祈使句简洁明了，具有鲜明的口语特色。 eg：Hands up!举起手来！ Help!救命啊！ Off the grass! 勿踏草坪！ ★对祈使句的回答 对祈使句作答时，常会用will和won't、 eg：－Close the door, please. 请关门 －Certainly/Sure/OK/Yes/of course, I will. 当然，我会的。 －Don't be late for school, Jim! 吉姆，上学别迟到！ －No,I won't. 不，我不会（迟到的）。 ★祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句的反意疑问句，后面一般用will you或won't you。 以let me和let us开头的祈使句变为反意疑问句时，后面用will you；以let's开头的祈使句变反意疑问句时，后面用shall we。 eg：Open the door, will you 打开门，好務 . Let us have a break, will you 让我们休息一下，好吗？ Let's go to school, shall we 咱们去上学，好吗？ ★陈述句变祈使句 eg：You can sit here. 你可以坐在这里。 (变祈使句) Sit here, please！请坐这儿 You can open the door. 你可以开门。 (变祈使句) Please open the door! 请开门！ You can’t put the book here.你不能把书放在这里。 (变祈使句) Don’t put the book here! 别把书放在这儿！ You mustn’t smoke.你不能抽烟。 (变祈使句) No smoking！禁止抽烟 have to与must的用法 must 与 have to 的强调重点不同两者都表示“必须”，但 must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have to则重于客观需要，含有“不得 不”或“被迫”之意。 eg：We must go at once. 我们必须马上就走。 If I buy that car, I’ll have to borrow some money.如果我要买那辆汽车,我得借些钱。 must 与 have to 的时态形式不同，must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去)，而 have to则有多种时态形式。 eg：He said (that) she must go with me. 他说她必须同我一起去。 She had to go there on foot yesterday. 昨天她不得不步行去那儿。 They have had to buy a car. 他们不得不买了辆小汽车。 must 与 have to 在否定式中意义不同，must 的否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要”、“不允许”；而have to的否定式don’t have to意为“不必”(=needn’t)。 eg：You mustn’t tell him about it．你一定不要告诉他这件事。(这可能是秘密) You needn’t tell him about it．你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了) Don’t fight. fight可以作动词，也可以作名词。fight作名词，意为“打架；战斗”。fight此处为动词，意为“打架；战斗”。过去式和过去分词为fought，fought。常用短语为：fight against/with sb. /sth.“与……搏斗，打架，作战”；fight about/over sth.“因为某事而争论，争夺”；fight for sth.“争取获得或完成某事” eg：Why do you fight with that boy？ 你为什么和那个男孩儿打架？（动词） Have you fought with your brother again？ 你又和弟弟打架了吗？（动词） I don’t want to have a fight with anyone. 我不想和任何人打架。（名词） He had had a fight with Smith and bloodied his nose.（名词） 他和史密斯打了一架，把后者的鼻子打出了血。 Don’t fight about small things. 不要为琐事争吵。（动词）
检测小结 一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 _____________ ( not fight) with your classmates at school. _____________ ( be ) late for class. This is very important . We must _____________ ( be) on time for class No _____________ ( swim) here. It's important for us _____________ ( listen ) to the teacher in class. 二、句型转换（每空一词）。 Talk in class. (改为否定句) __________ __________ in class. I have to do my homework after school. (对画线部分提问) __________ __________ you __________ __________ __________ after school We have to listen to the teacher. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) __________ we __________ __________ listen to the teacher __________, we __________. She has to wear the uniform at school. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) _________ she _________ to wear the uniform at school _________, she _________. We can run in the hallways. (改为否定句) We _________ run in the hallways. 三、单项选择。 We should keep quiet in the library. We _____ speak loudly(大声地). A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. needn’t I _____ go now, or I’ll miss my train. A. can B. might C. must D. could He _____ stay at home, because it’s raining outside. A. have to B. has to C. must D. can’t David, _______ make trouble at school. A. can’t B. don’t C. doesn’t —Mom, can I play computer games this evening —_______ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it. A. Finishing B. Finish C. To finish D. Finished Buses _______ stop when the traffic lights turn red. A. can B. may C. must
参考答案
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 Don’t run in the hallways.Don’t fight.What are the rules We must be on time for class.Can we eat in the classroom No, we can’t, but we can eat in the dining hall.Can we wear a hat in class Yes, we can./No, we can’t.Does he have to wear a uniform at school Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.What do you have to do We have to be quiet in the library.
二、汉译英。 Students mustn’t swim in the river.Cindy doesn’t have to get up early in the morning.John can’t play basketball in the classroom.
检测小结 一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Don't fightDon't bebeswimmingto listen
二、句型转换（每空一词）。 Don’t talkWhat do;have to doDo;have to;Yes;doDoes have;Yes doescan’t
三、单项选择。 BCBBBC
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