2022年中考英语二轮语法专题精讲学案：形容词

形容词精讲精练
定义：用来描写或修饰名词、代词的一类词，对它们起修饰、描绘作用，表示名词的性质和特征。
作用：在句中可以充当定语、表语或补足语等。
作表语，常用的系动词有: be, become, get, turn, look, smell, sound, taste, feel等
如： Our hometown is beautiful.
The trees turn green.
The soup smells delicious.
作定语，注意: 形容词放名词前,放不定代词后。
如： She is a good student.
I have something important to do.
作补语
如： The news made us happy.
Keep the classroom clean and tidy, please.
The room was found empty.
the+adj 表示一类人，谓语用复数
如： The old are taken good care of in our country.
The English like tea very much.
三．排序：多个形容词连用时顺序为：限定词（冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词，数词）+描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）+出处+名词
口诀：美小圆旧黄，中国木书房
注：“美”代表描述或性质类形容词；“小”代表大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类形容词；“圆”代表形状类形容词；“旧”代表新旧、年龄类形容词；“黄”代表颜色类形容词；“中国”代表来源、国籍、地区、出处类形容词；“木”代表物质、材料、质地类 形容词；“书”代表用途、类别、功能、作用类形容词；“房”代表中心名词。
如：They live in a beautiful old house.
比较等级
（一）原级构成：
＋y cloud –cloudy health – healthy
2. ＋ful/ less care – careful /careless
3. 以 ed/ing结尾 ：interest – interested/interesting
ing形容词：
表主动意义，多指事物(人)对人的影响，一般修饰物
ed形容词：
表被动意义，多为人的感受，一般修饰人
4. ＋ous danger-dangerous poison-poisonous
5. 合成形容词 ： 6 years old — 6-year- old
6. 以n,en ,ern ,al,able 等结尾的单词:American,wooden, southern , traditional, suitable.等
7. 以ly结尾的形容词:lovely, friendly , lively
以-ly结尾的形容词：
1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，　ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。
　　daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early
常用句型：和......一样 as + adj + as
和......不一样 not so(as) + adj + as
......是......的多少倍 倍数 + as + adj + as
只能修饰原级的词有very，quite，so，too
（二）比较级和最高级规则：
规则变化:
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 er 和 est 构成。
　　great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)
2) 以 e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 r 和 st 构成。
　　wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)
3)少数以y, er, ow, ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 er 和 est 构成。
　　clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)
4) 以 y 结尾,但 y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 ier 和est 构成.
　　happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 er和est。
　　big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
　　beautiful (原级) difficult (原级)
　　more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级)
most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)
不规则变化：
　　原级 比较级最高级
　　good better best
　　many more most
　　much more most
　　bad worse worst
　　little less least
　　ill worse worst
　　far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
形容词前如加 less 和 lest 则表示"较不"和"最不"
important 重要 less important 较不重要 lest important 最不重要
tired 累的 more tired 更累的 most tired 最累的
（三）形容词比较级的用法:
　　形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
　　主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
例： Our teacher is taller than we are.我们老师的个子比我们的高。
　 It is warmer today than it was yesterday.今天的天气比昨天暖和。
1. 倍数表示方法
a) 倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+ as
b) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
c) 倍数+ the + n. + of
This river is three times longer than that one.
This river is three times as long as that one.
Thi river is three times the length of that one.
2. 用形容词比较级的否定形式，从反面来表示最高级，通常译为“没有比……更……”
No other book has a greater effect on my life.
没有哪一本书比这本书对我的影响更大的了。
=This book has the greatest effect on my life.
3. more and more 越来越… …
Our city is getting bigger and bigger.
Our city is getting more and more beautiful.
4. the more … the more … 越… …就越… …
The more you study, the more you know.
The busier the old man is, the happier he feels.
The more intelligent students are, the more quickly they understand ideas.
5. 可用下列词来修饰形容词的比较级
much a lot slightly a little almost far a bit still
（四）形容词最高级的用法:
　　形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
　　主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
例：She is the best student in her class.
　　她是班上最好的学生。
　　Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
　　上海是中国最大城市之一。
（五）比较级最高级的几个特殊用法:
1.most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示极, 很, 非常, 十分。
Eg: It's most dangerous to be here.
　　在这儿太危险。
　　I cannot do it, it's most difficult.
　　我干不了这件事，太难了。
The+形容词比较级......, the+形容词比较级......表示越......就越......。
Eg: The more you study, the more you know.
你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
3.形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级。表示 越来越......
Eg: It's getting hotter and hotter.
天气越来越热了。
4.主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
　　This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
形容词精练
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
单选
It was such an ______ joke that everyone felt ______.
A. embarrassed; embarrassing B. embarrassed; embarrassed
C. embarrassing; embarrassing D. embarrassing; embarrassed
Is this a photo of your daughter She looks ______ in the pink dress!
A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily
—George, how can you prove the earth is round
—I can’t, sir. _______, I never said it was.
A. Then B. However C. Besides D. Instead
—Do you like the western food, Li Hua
—No, I think the food of our country is ______ that of western countries.
A. as delicious as B. less delicious than
C. not as delicious as D. much more delicious than
—The stuntman is planning to walk on the wings of a flying plane.
—What ! I’ve never heard of ______ idea before.
A. a crazier B. the crazier C. a craziest D. the craziest
I know you are shorter than your brothers, but you run ______.
A. more faster B. fastest C. more fast D. fast
We will never forget what happened ______ the afternoon of May 12, 2008.
A. in B. by C. at D. on
The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money _____ me.
A. by B. for C. in D. with
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.
A. in B. below C. beside D. against
—When did you last hear ______ Jay
—He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _______ a time and place to meet.
A. of; to B. about; with C. from; with D. from; on
二、根据句意，用适当的介词填空
Here are some flowers _______ you _______ our best wishes.
We can’t live _______ water or air.
Japan is ______ the east of China.
三、根据提示填空
I think this problem is much _____________ (easy) than that one.
He is a(an) _____________ (honest) boy so we seldom believe what he says.
What should we do to help the _____________ (home) people after the earthquake
Daniel did the exercises too _____________ (粗心), and it made his teacher very angry.
Finally we _______________________ (想出) an idea.
___________________ (越忙) he is, ___________________ (越高兴) he feels.
Shanghai is __________________________________ (最现代的城市之一) in China.
答案：一、1—5：DACDA 6—10：BDDDD
二、1. for; with 2. without 3. to
三、4. easier 5. dishonest 6. homeless
7. carelessly 8. came/come up with 9. The busier; the happier
10. one of the most modern cities