2022届高三英语语法专题复习：形容词和副词课件（39张）

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高三英语语法专题复习
形容词与副词
形容词
概念
形容词是用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，在句中可做定语、表语和补语等。
知识网络
做定语
As ________ (nature) architects, …
energetic
natural
形容词
句法
作用
做表语
it’s always ________ (energy) .
difficult
做补语
I find it ________ (difficulty) to adapt to the environment.
副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等的词。
副词
概念
形
容
词
与
副
词
副词
句法
作用
做
状
语
修饰动词
The title will be _______ (official) given to me...
修饰形容词
...it must have been _____ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers.
officially
fairly
修饰介词短语
A taste for meat is _________ (actual) behind the change.
actually
修饰全句
_____________(immediate), I raised my hand.
修饰状语从句(未考)
Noise is unpleasant, ________ (especial) when you are trying to sleep.
especially
Immediately
形
容
词
与
副
词
副词
句法
作用
做
状
语
比较
等级
... runners live three years ________ (long) than non-runners.
He screams the ________ (loud) of all.
比较级
最高级
loudest
longer
形
容
词
与
副
词
副词
句法
作用
做表语
仅限于地点副词或与介词同形的副词here, there, in, out, down, up, downstairs, upstairs, below, above, away, abroad, ahead, around, off, back, over, home等，且系动词通常是be
做定语
仅限于上述可作表语的副词，以及表时间的副词now, then, before, yesterday, today, tomorrow等, 通常后置：The meeting tomorrow is very important.明天的会议很重要。
1.形容词副词如何变比较级与最高 级？
1) 单音节在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
　　great greater greatest 　
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
　　wide wider widest
3) 以 -y 结尾
happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)
4) 以重读辅元辅结尾
　　big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)
5) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
　　beautiful (原级)　 (比较级) (比较级)
　　difficult (原级) (最高级) (最高级
7) 形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示"较不"和"最不"
important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要
不规则的比较级和最高级
原级　　　　　　比较级　　　　　　 最高级
good/well 　　　 better　　　　 best
many/much 　　 more　　　　　　 most
little　 less　　　 least　　　
bad/badly/ill　　worse 　　　　　　 worest　　
far　　　　 farther　 farthest (形容距离）
far further furthest （进一步）
old older oldest (形容年龄大小）
old elder eldest (形容长幼关系）


比较
等级
固定句型
越……越……：The harder you work, the _______(luck) you’ll become.越努力越幸运。
越来越：Our country is becoming
stronger and stronger.我们国家变得越来越强大。
与其说……不如说：He is more a writer ______ a teacher.与其说他是教师，不如说他是作家。
luckier
than
比较
等级
固定句型
相同/不如：He doesn’t pay as much tax ____ we do. 他交的税没有我们交的多。
尽可能：I wrapped it up for her as _______(quick) as possible .我尽快给她包好了。
否定式+比较级：Nothing is more difficult than that.
as
quickly
没有比那更难的事了。
形
容
词
与
副
词
分词形容
词的区别
-ed (人)感到……的
They are ___________ in writing.
-ing (事物)令人……的
The story is very ___________.
interested
interesting
Ⅱ.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常在其所修饰的名词之前，但在下列情况下后置。
提示：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序，熟记口诀有助于顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。规则：限定语(the, a)＋ 描绘性形容词 ＋ size(大小)＋ shape(形状)＋ age(年龄、时间)＋ colour(颜色)＋ origin(国籍、来源)＋ material(材料)＋ purpose(目的)＋ 名词。
例如：This pretty little Spanish girl is Linda's cousin. 这个可爱的西班牙小姑娘是琳达的表亲。
Ⅲ. 复合形容词的构成
1 形容词＋名词＋ed kind hearted 6 名词＋形容词 world famous
2 形容词＋形容词 dark blue 7 名词＋现在分词 peace loving
3 形容词＋现在分词 ordinary looking 8 名词＋过去分词 snow covered
4 副词＋现在分词 hard working 9 数词＋名词＋ed three legged
5 副词＋过去分词 newly built 10 数词＋名词 twenty year
Ⅳ.副词的分类
Ⅴ.有无 ly副词意义的区别
Ⅵ. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加 er和 est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。注意：
1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；
2. 表示“最高程度”的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect, superior, junior等。
Ⅶ.常用副词的辨析
Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式1．________ (especial) in the US, people often travel very far from home to study. It is a time to be ________ (independence)．2．Apart from the ________ (academy) benefit, life at university also can allow students to develop their interests in many fields.3．Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
4．Brighton is the ________ (health) city in Britain with the highest level of personal trainers, yoga clubs and Health food stores, according to a survey released on Friday.5．At a gymnasium in downtown Beijing, a group of young enthusiasts are training and practicing the ________ (tradition) martial art of shuai jiao.
1．Especially; independent　第一空考查副词。分析句子结构和句中的成分，可知此处要用一个副词来修饰整个句子的内容，故填especially。第二空考查形容词。根据句意，可知此处要用一个形容词作表语表示状态，故填independent。2．academic　考查形容词。由于空格后的benefit是一个名词，故其前面要用一个形容词修饰它，故填academic。3．gradually　考查副词。此处应使用副词修饰谓语turned into，故填gradually。4．healthiest　考查形容词。根据前面的 the 可知此处应使用形容词的最高级，故填healthiest。5．traditional　考查形容词。该空后面是名词martial art, 前面是the, 所以应用形容词修饰名词。故填traditional。
6．The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games will be broadcast live this weekend. You can expect an exactly ________ (live) night.7．Disappearing sea ice affects these penguins ________ (direct) because they rely on it for their living.8．Sea ice changes are already affecting emperor penguins, with breeding failures for three years in a row at their second ________ (big) living place in the Antarctic.9．Environment means all the ________ (nature) surroundings such as land, air, water, plants, and other things.10．The components of nature are made use of by the human beings ________ (basic) to fulfill some physical needs.
6．lively　考查形容词。空格后night为名词，故空格处应该形容词，故填lively。7．directly　考查副词。分析句子结构，空格处修饰动词affects，故填副词directly。8．biggest　考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构，空格前有序数词second 修饰，故填形容词最高级biggest。9．natural　考查形容词。名词surroundings需要形容词来修饰，此空用形容词作定语，故填natural。10．basically　考查副词。该空修饰动词fulfill，用副词，故填basically。
11．What was so ________ (impress)about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon bare footed.12. —You know, I met my girlfriend's parents for the first time only yesterday. —________ (real) I thought you'd met them before.13．Don't defend him any more. It's obvious that he ________ (deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.14．French writer Patrick Modiano, devoted himself ________ (entire)to his writing, and won the 2014 Nobel Prize for Literature.15．This novel was once the most ________ (wide)read book in high schools in the United States.
11．impressive　考查形容词。设空处和前面的系动词was构成系表结构，所以用形容词作表语，故填impressive，意为“给人印象深刻的”。12．really　考查副词。really意为“真正地”，在此处表示惊奇，故填really。13．deliberately　考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词destroyed, 用副词形式deliberately，故填deliberately。14．entirely　考查副词。句意：法国作家Patrick Modiano全身心致力于写作，获得了2014年诺贝尔文学奖。修饰动词devote，应用副词，故填entirely。15．widely　句意：这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。应用widely来修饰过去分词read, 故填widely。
The emblems(会徽) of the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympics Winter Games, respectively named “Winter Dream” and “Flying” 1.________ (introduce) on Friday.Designed by artist Lin Cunzhen, the emblems combine Chinese culture, an international, modern style and winter sports together.They 2.________ (vivid) show China's national spirit, contemporary images and cultural charm, convey the athletes' spirit of going beyond 3.________ (they) and express the eager expectation of about 1.3 billion Chinese people toward Beijing 2022.With its origin 4.________ “冬”， the Chinese character for “winter”， the “Winter Dream” emblem resembles a skater on the top half and a skier at 5.________ bottom.The flowing ribbon like design between them symbolises the host country's rolling mountains, Olympic venues(比赛场馆), ski runs and skating 6.________ (area)．It also points to the fact that the Games and the Chinese New Year 7.________ (take) place at the same time.The use of blue in the emblem represents dreams, the future and the purity of ice and snow, while red and yellow, 8.________ are the colours of China's national flag, symbolise passion, youth and liveliness.International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach said, “The 9.________ (wonder) emblem is a symbol of ambitions and dreams.It will build the excitement and expectation in China and around the whole world for our 10.________ (share) goal of outstanding Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022.”
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会会徽的有关情况。1．were introduced　主语emblems与introduce之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。再根据时间状语on Friday可知此处应用一般过去时，故填were introduced。2．vividly　空处修饰谓语动词show，要用副词，故填vividly。3．themselves　此处指的是“运动员超越自我的精神”，应用反身代词作介词的宾语，故填themselves。4．in　会徽“冬梦”以汉字“冬”为灵感来源。origin“起源，来源”常与介词in搭配使用，故填in。5．the　at the bottom“在……底部”是固定搭配，故填the。6．areas　空前无限定词，故此处应填名词的复数形式，故填areas。7．will take/are taking/take　根据语境可知，此处表示将要发生的事情，故用一般将来时will take；此处也可以用现在进行时表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；还可以用一般现在时表示按照时刻一定会发生的事情，故填will take/are taking/take。8．which　蓝色寓意梦想、未来以及冰雪的纯洁，而红和黄是中国国旗的颜色，代表激情、青春与活力。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，空处作主语，故填which。9．wonderful　空处修饰名词emblem，应填形容词，故填wonderful。10．shared　分析句子结构可知，空处作前置定语，goal“目标”与及物动词share“共享”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填shared。
(2020辽宁辽阳期末) Researchers at the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research show how the interaction (交互) between remembering and forgetting in the brain 1 _______ (allow) us
to make more intelligent decisions 2 ______(base)
on memory. They published a new review paper
in the journal Neuron.
Forgetting makes us smart by working with memorizing 3 ____ the following ways, the researchers say.
(二)
in
based
allows
First, letting go of outdated information lets us adapt to new situations. By forgetting the old and potentially misleading information, we can adapt to new environments 4 ______ (easy). Second, forgetting also makes decision-making simple. We just remember the important information which makes it easy for us 5 ________ (make) wise decisions.
What and how much we remember can
6 __________ (decide) by our environments.
be decided
to make
easily
For example, a lawyer or a designer with a set
of clients will likely remember 7 _______ (they) names for a longer period of time. A cashier who has a changing sea of 8 ___________(customer) every day will only remember names for a short amount of time.
The researchers point out that the motto is true: If you don't use it, you lose it. But as 9 ___ review paper shows, it can be a good thing. Clearing out the information you don't need can help make room for the important things, 10 _______ can make you become more intelligent.
which
a
customers
their
(二) 加拿大高级研究所的研究人员揭示了记忆和遗忘在大脑中的相互作用是如何让我们根据记忆做出更明智的决定的。
1. allows 在how引导的宾语从句中，the interaction是主语，第三人称单数，表示客观事实，用一般现在时。
2. based 由be based on或base…on…可知，填based。
3. in 因in the following ways (通过以下方式/在以下几个方面)是固定搭配。
4. easily 修饰谓语动词adapt to用副词，意为“容易适应”。
5. to make 因make it easy (for sb) to do sth(使得某人做某事很容易)是固定句型，其中it是形式宾语，正真的宾语是不定式。
6. be decided 由by短语的提示可知，用被动语态，情态动词(can)后用动词原形。句意：我们记住了什么，记住了多少，是由我们所处的环境决定的。
7. their 指记住“他们的”名字，在名词前做定语，用形容词性物主代词。
8. customers 由常识和a sea of (许多，大量)可知，customer用复数。
9. a 意思是“正如一篇评论文章所显示的”，表示“一篇”用不定冠词。
10. which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子。