课件104张PPT。
语法专题(四) 情态动词
一、情态动词的基本含义
1．表示能力用can，could，be able to。
注意：can与be able to常可互换，但也有不可互换的情况：
①can可用于人或物作主语的句子中，但be able to只能由有生命的名词作主语。
②can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could)，但be able to可以用于一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时、完成时。还可用于非谓语动词短语。③be able to用于过去时表示经过一番努力才能做到，一般用肯定句和疑问句，不能用could代替。如：
After doing more practice，he was able to speak English at the meeting.做了更多的练习之后，他能在会上说英语了。这样考过
①(2007·东城)We________finish it ahead of time，though it was such a tough task.
A．could B．would
C．were able to D．ought to
解析：根据后文中tough可知所填词表示“(经过努力后)能……”，应该用be able to，因此C项正确。
答案：C②(2008·湖南)You don't have to know the name of the author to find a book.You ________ find the book by the title.
A．must B．need
C．can D．would
解析：句意：你没有必要一定要通过作者的姓名来找到一本书。你可以根据这本书的标题(书名)来找到这本书。must必须，一定；need有必要；can可以，能够；would会(表示过去将来)。根据句意，只有C选项符合题意。
答案：C
③(2007·湖南)The biggest problem for most plants，which________just get up and run away when threatened，is that animals like to eat them.
A．shan't B．can't
C．needn't D．mustn't
解析：shan't 不愿意；can't 不能，不可能；needn't 没有必要；mustn't 不允许，禁止。句意：大部分植物当受到威胁的时候不能站起来逃跑，所以对它们来说最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。
答案：B2．表示可能性注意：①can，could，may，might可能性依次减少。②can表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真会发生；如要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may，could或might等：
Anybody can make mistakes.任何人都可能犯错误。这样考过
④(宁波两地联考)He ________ the test again；in that case，his mother will be very disappointed.
A．should fail B．must have failed
C．might fail D．could have failed
解析：由句意知“他可能会考试又不及格；那样的话，他妈妈会很伤心。”might表推测，表示不太确定，故选C。
答案：C⑤(2008·浙江)You ________ be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago!
A．wouldn't B．can't
C．mustn't D．needn't
解析：句意：你不可能已经饿了——你两个小时前才吃的午饭。can't“不可能”；mustn't意为“绝对不可，被禁止”。
答案：B⑥(北京朝阳区)—Will Helen get disappointed if I tell her she failed?
—I think she ________.
A．may B．has to
C．should D．need
解析：据句意：——如果你告诉海伦她考试没过，她会失望吗？——我认为她可能会。may“可能”，用来表示推测。
答案：A⑦(潍坊质检)My mother is a great cook and we ________ never get enough of her cookies.
A．may B．need
C．should D．can
解析：由句意“……好厨师，她做的甜饼我们永远吃不够。”知选D“能够”，表示推测。may也可表示推测，但语气较弱。
答案：D⑧(北京丰台区)—It's supposed to rain tomorrow.
—I know，but the forecast ________ be wrong.Weather forecasts are far from 100 percent accurate.
A．must B．could
C．should D．will
解析：此处需表达的意思为“可能”，只有B项符合题意。
答案：B3．表示许可 注意：①在会话中，用could和might征求许可，表示语气委婉。②给予许可时也可以使用其他委婉用语，如sure，certainly，go ahead，please等。这样考过
⑨(宁波质检)—Mr Smith，________ he have all these letters typed for you right away?
—He ________.They should be ready by 10 o'clock this morning.
A．will; must B．shall; has to
C．need; will D．would; ought to
解析：shall用于一、三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方意见。
答案：B⑩(江西师大附中)—________ I book a table for dinner a few days ahead of time?
—Yes，you ________.The restaurant is always full，especially during the holidays.
A．Must; will B．Must; can
C．Shall; shall D．Shall; must
答案：D?(2008·成都)If you think the price of pork is too high，you ________as well buy some beef.It depends on you!
A．should B．will
C．would D．may
解析：may/might as well是固定用法，表示“不妨，倒不如”。
答案：D4．表示建议可用can，may，will，would，you'd better(not)等。
这样考过
?(北京东城区)—I feel bored with nothing interesting to do.
—You ________ watch TV.There will be a very good Hollywood film on this evening.
A．need B．could
C．would D．shall
解析：上文提出没事可干很烦。下文提出建议，你可以看电视啊，could在此处表示提建议，would是指习惯性的动作，shall表示威胁的语气，need 需要。
答案：B可能这样考
?You________phone him if you want to，but you ________.He'll surely phone you.
A．may; mustn't B．have to; needn't
C．might; won't D．can; needn't
解析：根据题意，第一个空须填“可以”，用may或can皆可，从后句可以判断“你没有必要给他打电话”，第二个空只能填needn't。
答案：D5．表示义务、命令、要求等用must，have to，should，ought to等，意为“必须，应该”
这样考过
?(四川)—I don't care what people think.
—Well，you ________.
A．could B．would
C．should D．might解析：句意：——我不在乎人们想什么。——不对，你应该在乎。根据语境，后半句中省略了一些与前句相同的内容。该题目实际上考查了情态动词的用法。should用以表示义务或责任，如：You shouldn't drink and drive.你不应该喝酒后开车。
答案：C
?(湖南)—It's the office！So you ________ know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh，sorry.
A．must B．will
C．may D．need
解析：句意：——这是办公室！——所以你必须知道这里不许吃东西。——噢，对不起。must“必须”，在此处语气最强烈。
答案：A?(2008·海淀)—Please carry a cellphone to make it easier for me to get hold of you.
—OK，Dad.But I am eighteen.You ________ worry so much.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．shouldn't D．wouldn't
解析：说话人认为自己不再是小孩子了，对方“不应该”再如此担心。
答案：C注意：①must的否定形式是need not(不必，没有必要)，不用must not(禁止)。②should还表示吃惊，不耐烦，不相信等。?(海淀)The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.
A．will B．should
C．could D．may
答案：B6．表示意愿和决心用shall，will，would，would rather。
(1)shall表示说话人的强烈意志，有“命令，警告，允诺，威胁”等含义，因此用于第二、第三人称。
这样考过
?(2008·北京)John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke，and he has never smoked ever since.
A．might B．should
C．could D．would解析：句意：约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，且从那时起就再也不吸了。might not可能不；should not不应该；could not不可能(推测)，不能(表能力)；would有“决心、决意”等意思。根据句意，可知D项正确。
答案：D?(合肥一六八中联考)—Hello，Peter.Would you please go shopping with me after school?
—Sorry.Our school is a boarding school.In school days nobody ________ go out of school without the head teacher's permission.
A．will B．can
C．may D．shall
解析：据句意“我们学校是寄宿制学校，没有班主任的允许任何人不得离校。”知这是学校的规定。规定、规则或法律条文用情态动词shall，表示“命令、警告、允诺、威胁”等意义，故选D。其他选项无此用法。
答案：D?(北京东城区)After the bell rings，which indicates the ending of the exam，you ________ stay where you are until all your papers are collected.
A．shall B．would
C．Will D．can
解析：shall表示说话者的命令、意图等。意为“一定”。
答案：A(洛阳统考)They want to take possession of my house，but they ________ not have it.
A．shall B．must
C．would D．need
解析：shall表示强烈的意志，也表示说话人的意图，决心。句意为：他们想占有我的房子，但是他们不会得逞的。
答案：A(2)will可以用于各种人称，表示意愿。
这样考过
(江西吉安一中)If you ________ let me pay for the bill today，then at least allow me to drive you home.
A．shouldn't B．needn't
C．won't D．mustn't
答案：C(2006·重庆)—Mr.Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon.Don't you forget it!
—OK.I________.
A．won't B．don't
C．will D．do
解析：句意：别忘了开会的事呀。好的，我不会的。注意情态动词的语气。
答案：A特例：will的主语若是无生命的东西，则表示它本身的一种特性或自然属性；won't则表示失去某种功能，意为“不起作用，就是不……”如：
Oil will float on water.油会浮到水面上。
Though he tried hard，the door wouldn't open.
尽管他费尽了力气，门就是不开。(3)would rather意为“宁愿”。
这样考过
(2008·山东寿光现代中学)—I didn't go to the museum yesterday.
—Yes，but I would rather you ________ there too.
A．went B．had gone
C．should go D．would have gone解析：would rather后跟句子时，要用虚拟语气，如果是与现在或将来相反从句要用过去时；如果与过去时相反则用过去完成时。根据上一句中的时间状语看应该表达的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，所以要用过去完成时。
答案：B
还可能这样考
—Would you like to have a taxi?
—No，I________walk there.It's such a lovely day.
A．can B．ought to
C．had better D．would rather
解析：根据最后一句“It's such a lovely day(天气这么好)”，判断前一句应是“我宁愿步行去那”，用would rather表示自己的意愿。其他项不能表示此意，故选D。
答案：D7．would或“used to＋动词原形”表过去的习惯。
(1)在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to可用would代替。
这样考过
(2007·郑州)I tried to get through to her，but she simply________not turn on her cellphone as she was busy.
A．could B．might
C．would D．should解析：此处所填词表“习惯”。而情态动词中只有will，would和used to表“习惯”，其中will表“经常性的习惯”，would和used to表“过去的习惯”，而would与used to的区别是：used to表过去有而现在已经没有了的习惯，即表过去与现在对比；而would只表过去的习惯，不涉及现在。根据句意，此处用would。
答案：C(2)used to强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常同often，every day等连用。
She isn't what she used to be.她跟过去不一样了。(表示对比，不可用would)
We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story.我们每天晚上坐在院子里，听他讲故事。(表示过去的重复性行为)可能这样考
Mother________us stories when we were young.
A．used to tell B．used to telling
C．would tell D．will tell
解析：本句中有确定的时间段when we were young，因此要用would。
答案：C(3)表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可用would。
There used to be a park here.以前这里有一个公园。
可能这样考
He________a waiter，but now a taxi driver.
A．would be B．used to be
C．could be D．should be
解析：根据题意可知他过去是个侍者，而现在不是了，是一个出租车司机，因此要用used to be。
答案：B8．dare和need的用法
(1)dare的用法：情态动词dare主要用于疑问句与否定句中，后接动词原形(不带to)，没有人称和数的变化，但过去式为dared；dare也可以用作行为动词，后跟to do不定式。
可能这样考
—Miss White has decided to explore in the forest by herself.
—She________ask her boyfriend to if she________go walking in the forest.A．needn't to; dares to
B．doesn't need; dares
C．need not to; dare to
D．needn't; dare
解析：本题考查need和dare作情态动词的用法。
答案：D—There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.
—Really？It ________be a fire，most probably.
A．ought to B．can
C．have to D．must
解析：表示推测，依据most probably，语气应为“应该”。
答案：A(2)need的用法：need作情态动词时。没有人称时态的变化，后接动词原形，多用于疑问句或否定句中；need也可用作行为动词，后接名词、代词或带to的不定式。
这样考过
(2007·长沙)Generally，reporters take positive lines.They do point out a few problems that we________aware of，but there's nothing worrying.
A．need to B．need
C．need be D．need to be解析：need用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，后跟动词原形；need用作行为动词时，用于肯定、否定和疑问句，后跟名词、代词、动词不定式或动词v-ing形式(用v-ing主动形式表示被动意义)。此处是肯定句，故need用作行为动词，后跟动词不定式；be aware of“知道”，因此选D。
答案：D
(2010·淄博上学期期末)In fact, you ________ go outside at all. There’s a supermarket just downstairs.
A．couldn't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．shouldn't
答案：C(2007·江西九所)—I didn't go to work today.
—You________；it is Sunday.
A．didn't need to B．mustn't have
C．can't have D．needn't have
解析：一般情况下，动词不定式可省略to后的成分，而动词不定式本身的标志词to不能省略。
答案：A二、情态动词表示推测
1．情态动词用于对现在和过去的推测。注意：①在表示推测时，can不用于肯定句，may不用于疑问句。②should可用于表将来的推测。这样考过
(成都检测)I can't find Mr.Li anywhere in the office building.Where ________ he have gone?
A．must B．could
C．should D．would
解析：could have done“有可能做了某事”，用于推测时，常用在否定句中和疑问句中；must have done“肯定是做了某事”，用于肯定推测，用在肯定句中；should have done“该做某事而事实上未做”；would have done“将有可能做”。据句意知：他有可能去了哪里呢？综上，选B。
答案：B
(重庆)—Hi，Tom.Any idea where Jane is?
—She ________ in the classroom.I saw her there just now.
A．shall be B．should have been
C．must be D．might have been
解析：句意：——嗨，Tom，知道Jane在哪儿吗？——她肯定在教室里。我刚才在那儿看到她了。从对话中可以看出该空是对现在情况的较肯定的猜测。
答案：C(2008·重庆)—I can't find my purse anywhere.
—You ________ have lost it while shopping.
A．may B．can
C．should D．would
解析：句意：——我到处都找不到我的钱包。——你可能在购物的时候弄丢了。根据句意首先排除C、D两项；can表“实际”的可能性时，只能用于否定句、疑问句，故被排除；A项表“推测”时常用于肯定句。
答案：A(北京西城区)There ________ be any difficulty in passing the oral test since you have practiced a lot in school.
A．mustn't
B．shan't
C．shouldn't
D．needn't解析：由句中“since you have practiced a lot in school”即“既然你在学校进行了大量的训练”推知“应该”是不会有什么困难。should表推测“按常理推测”。故选C。
答案：C
(上海)It ________ have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.
A．may B．can
C．Must D．should
解析：句意：一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他有车。此句为强调句型，谓语动词为must have been，用must表示语气肯定的推测。must have done表示“(过去)一定做了某事”。
答案：C(南通调研)—John，how did your English exam go?
—I thought I ________，but in fact I came in the top 10%in the class.
A．should have failed B．couldn't have failed
C．might have failed D．mustn't have failed解析：由句中“I thought I ________，but in fact I came...”知我通过了考试，而在此之前担心“有可能考试不及格”，故选C。
答案：C(福州模拟)—Where is Michael？I cannot find him anywhere.
—He ________ have been off long.I saw him study in the room just now.
A．shouldn't B．can't
C．mustn't D．needn't解析：can't(不可能)；shouldn't(不应该)；mustn't(不可以)；needn't(不必)。由句中“我刚才还看见他在屋里学习呢。”可推知“他还没走多长时间。”can表推测，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。综上，选B。
答案：B2．情态动词＋have done的其他含义
(1)“should/ought to ＋have＋v.-ed“意为“本应该”，表示过去应该做而没有做的事，也可表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。
这样考过
(2007·陕西)I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I________have driven her there.
A．could B．must
C．might D．should解析：后半句的意思是：但也许我本应该开车送她去那儿。用should，构成should＋have done结构，意思是：本应该做。
答案：D(2)“shouldn't/ought not to＋have＋v.-ed”意为“本不应该”，表示过去不应该做某事但却做了。
这样考过
(天津河西区)He ________ back to work without the doctor's permission.Now，he has to stay in bed for a couple of days.
A．wouldn't have gone
B．couldn't have gone
C．needn't have gone
D．shouldn't have gone 解析：由句中后半句“he has to stay in bed for a couple of days.”知“他未遵医嘱”，含有“不该做某事而做了”之意，故选D。wouldn't have gone“本不会做而做了”；couldn't have gone“本不可能做而做了”；needn't have done“本不需做而做了”。
答案：D(厦门质检)You ________ late for yesterday's class meeting，as it was so important.
A．couldn't be
B．shouldn't be
C．mustn't have been
D．oughtn't to have been
解析：oughtn't to have done同于shouldn't have done表示“不该做某事而做了”。由句意知D合题意。
答案：D(3)“could＋have＋v.-ed”意为“本能够，本可以”，表示过去本可以做某事，但却没做。
这样考过
(江苏)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ it differently.
A．could express
B．would express
C．could have expressed
D．must have expressed解析：句意：他不后悔说了他做了什么，而认为他本能够用不同的方式表达。could express 能够表达；would express 要表达；could have expressed 本来能够表达；must have expressed(表推测)肯定已经表达。
答案：C(4)“needn't＋have＋v.-ed”意为“本没有必要”，表示过去本没有必要做某事，但却做了。
注意：“need not＋have＋v.-ed”表示过去本不必做但却做了的事；“did not need to＋动词原形”表示过去不必做某事而实际上也没有做。如：
She need not have come yesterday.她昨天本不必要来的。(但却来了)
She didn't need to come yesterday.她昨天不必来。(实际上也没来)三、固定用法
can't too...无论怎样也不过分，越……越好；can't help doing情不自禁做某事；may/might as well还是做……的好；would rather...than宁愿做……也不愿做……。
这样考过
(龙岩质检)Traffic safety is so important that everyone ________ take safety measures too seriously.
A．shouldn't B．mustn't
C．cannot D．won't
解析：can't...too...表示“怎么都不过分，千万，非常。”
答案：C(北京朝阳区)She couldn't help，even though she tried not to，________ at the strange clothes her friend was wearing.
A．to laugh B．laugh
C．laughing D．laughed
解析：couldn't help doing 禁不住做某事；even though she tried not to是状语从句，插到主句中了。
答案：C
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—Isn't that Ann's husband over there?
—No，it________be him.I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.
A．can't B．must not
C．won't D．may not
答案与解析：A can用于否定的猜测表示“不可能”。故选A。2．Kunming is called“Spring City”，but it________snow in winter.
A．shall B．can
C．must D．might
答案与解析：B 情态动词can表示客观的可能性，“有时可能”。3．You ________fail to pass the entrance examination if you don't study harder.
A．shall B．could
C．must D．should
答案与解析：A shall用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的意愿，有命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心之意。此题用shall，表示警告。4．He didn't agree with me at first，but I________persuade him to sign the agreement later.
A．could B．might
C．should D．was able to
答案与解析：D 情态动词can和be able to都可表示能力。当表示“过去成功地做了某事”时，用was/were able to。5．When I was studying at Beijing University，I________take a walk along the lake every evening.
A．will B．would
C．could D．shall
答案与解析：B 情态动词would表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。 6．— Will you stay for lunch?
—Sorry，________.My brother is coming to see me.
A．I mustn't B．I can't
C．I needn't D．I won't
答案与解析：B 根据题义可知，因为“我弟弟要来看我”，所以“不能留下”，用can't，表示对别人的邀请或要求给予礼貌的拒绝。A项表示“禁止”；C项表示“不必要”；而D项表示“不会”，均不符合题义，故本题选B。7．All the speech competitors ________ remain in their own seats until the contest is over，according to the competition rule.
A．must B．may
C．shall D．need
答案与解析：C shall用于表示规定要求。8．— Mum，I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf.
—My goodness！You________yourself.You mustn't do that next time.
A．must have hurt B．should have hurt
C．may have hurt D．can have hurt
答案与解析：C 你可能会伤了你自己。may/might have done表示对过去发生情况的可能性推测。9．—I can't get through to the general manager's office anyhow.
—The line is busy.Someone________the telephone.
A．must use B．uses
C．must have been using D．must be using
答案与解析：D must be doing表示对现在正发生情况的肯定推测。must have been using是对过去的猜测，表示过去一直在做某事，不符合句义。10．—Tom，did you see the film Avatar last night?
—Yes，but I really________，because I had lots of work to do.
A．couldn't have B．mustn't have
C．needn't have D．oughtn't to have
答案与解析：D 题意为：“汤姆，昨天晚上你看电影《阿凡达》了吗？”“是的，但是我确实不应该看，因为我有许多工作要做。”ought to have done意为“应该做却没做”，oughtn't to have done意为“不该做却做了”。11．Her brother ________ be at home now，because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.
A．mustn't B．needn't
C．can't D．shouldn't
答案与解析：C 由playing basketball可知表语气较为肯定的否定推测，故选C。can't be at home意为“不可能在家”。12．The little child________go out alone at night，so he
________walk in the dark that night.
A．daren't; didn't dare to
B．doesn't dare; dare not
C．isn't dare to; dared not to
D．doesn't dare to; dare not to答案与解析：A 题意为：这个小男孩晚上不敢单独出去，所以那天晚上他不敢走夜路。dare作为情态动词，后面直接跟动词原形，否定形式在dare后面直接加not；dare作为一般动词使用时，用dare to do结构，否定形式在dare前面加助动词和not。故选A。13．—I don't know what I________without the suitcase you lent me.
—Glad to have been of some help to you.
A．would have done B．would do
C．should have done D．should do
答案与解析：A 题意为：“我不知道没有你借给我的手提箱我将怎么办。”“很高兴对你有帮助。”would have done表示对过去事情的推测，意为“过去可能做……”；should have done表示对某事的责备和批评，意为“本该做却没做”。14．—Well，lost again!
—It's not very important.We________forget about it，OK?
A．can't B．may so soon
C．might as well D．won't soon
答案与解析：C 题意为，“哦，又输了！”“那不重要。我们不妨把这件事忘了，好吗？“might as well意为“无妨；只好”是固定用法。15．It rained a lot during their journey，so they________have had a good time.
A．can't B．must
C．shouldn't D．might
答案与解析：A A项表示对过去事情否定的推测，can't have done意为“不可能做……”，shouldn't have done表示对某事的责备和批评，意为“本不该做却做了”。B、D都表示肯定的推测，由．..rained a lot知意义不对。16．The public transportation is very convenient in that big city，so there________be any difficulty in traveling around.
A．mustn't B．wouldn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
答案与解析：C 题意为：那个大城市公共交通非常方便，在周围旅行不应该有任何困难。根据题意选shouldn't“不应该”。17．—That woman has been taking care of the two white tigers for 8 years.
—Oh，dear！She________a lot of difficulties!
A．could go through
B．might go through
C．ought to have gone through
D．must have gone through答案与解析：D 题意为：“那个女人已经照顾那两只白虎8年了。”“哦，天啊！她一定吃了很多苦。”must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过……”。18．You________me up so early.I don't have to go to school today and I can sleep for more hours.
A．needn't wake
B．don't need to wake
C．needn't have woken
D．didn't need to wake
答案与解析：C 题意为：你没必要那么早叫我起床，今天我不上学，可以多睡几个小时。needn't have done表示对某事的责备和批评，意为“没必要做而做了”。19．All my family are looking forward to meeting you.You
________come over and have dinner with us this weekend.
A．Will
B．must
C．may
D．shall
答案与解析：B 题意为：我家所有人都盼望和你见面，这个周末你一定要过来和我们共进晚餐。根据题意可知选must“必须”。
20．—This________John's car.Its number is AC506.
—I don't think so.He said a small white car but this is a small yellow one.
A．can't be B．must be
C．may not be D．should be
答案与解析：B 题意为：“那一定是约翰的汽车，车牌是AC506。”“我认为不是。他说他的是一辆白色的小轿车，但这是一辆黄色的。”根据题意可知是表示对现在肯定的推测，故选B。21．Being examined twice a year，whether it is a car or a bus or a truck，is the rule that every driver________obey in this city.
A．shall B．can
C．ought to D．need
答案与解析：A 题意为：无论是小汽车、公共汽车还是卡车，在这个城市里年检两次是每位司机应该遵守的规定。当表示按要求“必须，应该”做的事并且主语是二、三人称时只能用shall。22．Last night I tried to call on you but your dog simply________not let me come through the gate.
A．might B．could
C．should D．would
答案与解析：D 题意为：昨天晚上我试图拜访你但是你的狗就是不让我进门。might表示“也许”；could表示“可能”；should表示“应该”；would表示“意愿”。根据题意选D。23．—Why don't you buy the necklace since you like it so much?
—I________，but I don't have the money.
A．would B．will
C．should D．may
答案与解析：A 题意为：“既然你非常喜欢那串项链，为什么不买呢？”“我是想买，但是我没有钱。”根据题意空处表示“想买”的意愿，所以排除C、D；因为“想买”是过去的意愿，所以选would。24．—Look！The clouds are gathering.
—Yes.I'm afraid it________be pouring down soon.
A．can B．must
C．should D．might
答案与解析：D 题意为：“看！云团在聚集。”“是的，可能马上就会大雨倾盆了。”由句子提示看出此处表推测，由I'm afraid看出把握不是非常大，故用might。can用于疑问句表示推测。25．—________he come to see you as he promised?
—Of course，please.And I'd rather he________me the truth.
A．Will; tells B．Shall; told
C．Should; will tell D．Can; is telling
答案与解析：B 题意为：“你要他像他答应的那样过来看你吗？”“当然，而且我宁愿他告诉我真相。”表示征求对方意见或请求，第三人称作主语用shall；I'd rather后面的从句要用虚拟语气，故选B。
课件33张PPT。
情态动词
modal verbs1.--Is John coming by train?
--He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving
his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
2.It has been announced that candidates(候选人)
____ remain in their seats until all the papers
have been collected.
A. can B.will C. may D. shall
3.--I heard they went skiing in the mountains last
winter.
--It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
情态动词表示推测不表示推测can could
may might
shall should
must
will would
ought tohave to
dare (daren’t)
need (needn’t)
used toI daren’t ask her for a rise. 我不敢请求她加薪.
How did you dare to tell her that?
I wonder whether he dare stand up in public.
I don’t know how she dares to wear that dress.
Do you need any help?
I wonder whether he need send it immediately.
I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous.
The garden doesn’t need watering at the moment.
You needn’t finish that work today.判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.
These dishes need cleaning carefully.注意对need问句的回答:
--Need I finish the work today?
--Yes, ________________.
No, ________________.
No, ________________.you mustyou needn’tyou don’t have toneedn’t 对其它情态动词的回答:
--Shall I tell John about it?
--No, you __________.
--Must we do it now?
--No, you __________.
needn’t
(don’t have to) needn’t
(don’t have to)表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.1. You must be Mr Smith----I was told to expect
you here.
2. He must have known what we wanted.
3. We may have read the same report.
4. He can’t have slept through all that noise.
5. There’s someone outside----who can it be?
6. What can they be doing?
7. These pills might help to cure your disease.
8. You could be right, I suppose.表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测
可能的推测
否定的推测
疑问的推测 must/should 对将来 对现在 对过去情态动词may, might can’t,
couldn’tcan, could + V. + V. + have done
常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done
+ be doing
可以用not表示“可能不”
+V. + V. + have done
+ be doing+ V. + V. + have done
+ be doing 1. I don't know where she is, she _______ be in
Wuhan.
2. At this moment, our teacher ________________
our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3. The road is wet. It ________________ last night.
(rain)
4. Your mother ______________________ for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking5. Philip ________________________ seriously in
the car accident. 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.
6. ---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is
still here.
---She _____________________ (go) by bus.
7. Mike ________________ his car, for he came to
work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐
公共汽车来上班的。
may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecan’t have found高考考题:
1. I thought you _____like something to read, so
I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. would D. must
2. Where is my pen? I ____it.
A. might lose B. would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost
3. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___asleep
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. ---There were already five people in the car,
but they managed to take me as well.
----It ____a comfortable journey
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
5. It’s nearly seven o’clock . Jack ___be here at
any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. could
D C 不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：
He is at home. (事实)
He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）
He could be at home.（很可能）
He ought to be at home.（很可能）
He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）
He might be at home.（或许, 非常不确定）
He might not be at home.（也许不在家）
He may not be at home. （比might可能）
He couldn’t be at home.（很可能不在家）
He can’t be at home.（一定不在家）
He isn't at home.（事实）
在不表示推测的情态动词中, 我们要注意以下考点:1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。
2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法。
3. shall 和 will 的多种意义的区别。
4. 情态动词短语的使用。
5. 虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。 表示能力: can, could, be able to
*be able to 能用于各种时态。
can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。
*was / were able to : “设法做成某事”
相当于 managed to do sth.
succeeded in doing sth.。
1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。1. A computer ______ think for itself; it must
be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t
C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly
but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would
C. could D. was able toA D 3. They will ______ run this machine on their
own in three months.
A. can B. could C. may D. be able to
4. That big cinema ______ seat 2,000 people.
A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able toD A 表示许可: may / might, can / could
* might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑问句.
* can, may 表达的语言比较随便.
* 在以could, might 表示征询对方意见
或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can, may.5. — Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you _______.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
6. — Might I watch TV after supper?
— Yes, you ________.
A. may B. must C. might D. can
C A 2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法:
部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点
之一。
mustn’t 不准, 禁止
needn’t 没必要 ( = don’t have to )
can’t 不能; 不可能
may not 不可以; 可能不
shouldn’t 不应该 ( = ought not to )7. You ______ return the book now. You can
keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
8. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you
______ hurt yourself.
A. won’t ; can’t B. mustn’t ; may
C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’tC B 9. --Will you stay for lunch?
--Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t
C. I needn’t D. I won’t
10. --May I pick a flower in the garden?
-- ________.
A. No, you needn’t B. Not, please.
C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’tB C 情态动词：shall, will 的多种意义: shall / will+ 动词原形: * shall 可表示必须、命令、 警告或征询意见. * will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句
中表示请求和建议.* 均可表示将来。 过去时为 should, would.3.11. He ______ be punished if he disobeys.
如果他不服从, 就要受到惩罚.
12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you ____
only let me speak.
只要你让我说话, 我们根本就不会吵架.
13. --Sir, ____ he go or stay?
--Let him go.
A. will B. shall C. might D. couldshallwillB 14. The door _______ open.
这门经常打不开.
15. Ronald ______ stay in his small garden for
a long time every day in the past.
A. could B. might C. should D. would
16. You _____ have the book after I read it.
我看完以后一定把这本书给你.won’tD shall4. 情态动词短语的使用:
would like to do…
would rather do…
would rather + 从句
would prefer to do...
had better do...改错:
1. Would you like having some tea?
2. I’d prefer going to the lecture this evening.
3. I’d rather you to go to the meeting.
4. He would rather to die than to give in.
5. You’d better to have your hair cut today.Would you like to have some tea?I’d prefer to go to ...… you went to ...He would rather die than give in.You’d better have ...5. 用于虚拟语气的情态动词: should
might
could
would
needn’t
ought to情态动词考题:1. Put on more clothes. You ??????? be feeling cold
with only a shirt on. ? A. can? B. could? C. must? D. would
2. "Must I drive to his house and pick up the
children?" ?
"No, ??????? ." ? A. you shouldn't? B. you might not ?
C. you needn't ? D. you mustn'tC C 3. We didn't see Tom at the meeting yesterday.
He ??????? it. ? A. mustn't have attended?
B. cannot have attended ? C. needn't have attended?
D. would have not attended
4. We ??????? play chess than bridge. Some of us
don't know how to play bridge. ? A. had better? B. would better?
C. would rather? D. had rather
B A 5. There is someone knocking at the door. ???????
it be Tom? ? A. can? B. must? C. should? D. ought to
6. Two year ago, my husband bought me a bicycle.
If you live in town, it is often faster than a car
and you ??????? worry about parking.
?? A. must not?? B. may not??
C. should not?? D. don't have to
A D 课件17张PPT。情 态 动 词1. 情态动词的考点
1、can; may; must should; need 等表示判断及
推测；
2、shall; should 的特殊用法；
3、情态动词的应答策略；
4、对过去的判断或推测；
5、dare; need 的用法特点。2. 情态动词的用法特点
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事
情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2） 情态动词 除 ought 和 have 外，后面只能接不带
to 的不定式。 3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第
三人称单数不加-s。 4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分
词，等形式。 f. 3. 情态动词表示推测的用法
A. 对现在状态和动作的推测
高考题点击：
Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. （05安徽卷）
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
C说明：must 加动词原形表示“必须做”；may 加动词原形表示“可能会做”；can 加动词原形表示“能够做”；can 表示“可能性”时一般用在问句和否定句中。该句的关键在于“but she isn’t quite sure yet”。 说明：needn’t 表示“不必”；mustn’t 表示“不准”；shan’t 用在二、三人称中表示“坚决不准”，含有强烈的警告和命令的语气。shouldn’t 表示“非常不可能”或“应该不会”。2. There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. （05上海卷）
A. mustn’t B. shan’t
C. shouldn’t D. needn’tC3. It’s nearly 7:00. Jack __ be here at any moment. (N 1995)
A. must B. need C. should D. can
4. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt
yourself. (N 1996)
A. won’t, can’t B. mustn’t, may
C. shouldn’t, must D. can’t, shouldCB must + be 表示“肯定会”；need + be 表示 “需要在”；should + 动词原形表示“非常有可能”；can 表示可能性只用在否定和疑问句中。前句表示“你不能玩刀”，此处的 “不能”并非表示“能力”，而是表示“允许”，所以只能用“mustn’t”；后句表示“可能会伤着你自己”，故用 may。5. ---- Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
---- I’m not sure. I ___ go to the concert instead. ( N 2000)
A. must B. would C. should D. might
6. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (2001上海春季)
A. can B. should C. may D. mustDA此句的关键在于“I’m not sure”，既然不能肯定，只能是一种“可能性”。此句的意思为：“Bush 先生总是很守时，他怎么可能在出席开幕仪式时迟到呢？“ can 在否定句或疑问句中表示“可能性”。7. --- Is John coming by train?
--- He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car.
(N 2002)
A. must B. can C. need D. may
8. --- I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
--- It _________ true because there was little snow there.
(N 2002北京)
A. may not be B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t beDC此句的关键是“He likes driving his car.” can 和 may 都可用于否定句中，can’t 表示“根本不可能”，语气很强；may not 表示“也许不可能”，语气较弱。 couldn’t 的语气比 can’t 弱。B. 对过去动作或状态的推测
Tom ought not to _______ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (N1993)
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her. (N 1994)
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it outAC ought to 相当于 should；此句的关键是“He meant no harm”，显然指的是过去的事。 should have written 意指“本该写但实际上并没有写”。3. --- There were already 5 people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
--- It ________ a comfortable journey. (N 1995)
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
4. Susan_______ written a report like this. (1995上海)
A. can have B. mustn’t have
C. can’t have D. ought to not haveDC此句谈论的是过去的经历，故 A、B 不合题意；must 表示判断和推测只能用在肯定句中。该句的意思为 Susan 不可能写出这样的报告来。ought to have done 的否定式为 ought not to have done。5. Jack ____ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (N 97)
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. needn’t have arrived
6. --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
--- Oh, did you? You______ with Barbara. (N 1998)
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayedCA此句的关键是后半句，“otherwise he would have phoned me”，此处为省略了条件句的虚拟语气，表示“如果到了他会打电话给我的”，由此可见，他肯定没到。此句并不表示判断，而是一个虚拟语气。4. shall; should 的特殊用法
1. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海)
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
2. It’s nearly 7:00. Jack ___ be here at any moment. (N 95)
A. must B. need C. should D. canDC该句的意思为：“通知说所有的考生必须坐在位置上直到考卷收完了才能离开。”考生坐在位置上不能用“能够、将要、可以”来表示。而 shall 在第二、三人称里面表示一种“命令、警告、承诺”等。3. --- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--- They __________ be ready by 12:00. (N 1998)
A. can B. should C. might D. need
4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might B. need C. should D. wouldBC此句应是店主对顾客的承诺。 should 与 how; why 等表示疑问或否定的词连用时，用来表示一种惊奇的心情，意思为“居然、竟然”5. 情态动词的应答
1. --- Shall I tell John about it?
--- No, you ______. I’ve told him already. (N 1994)
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
2. --- Could I call you by the first name?
--- Yes, you__________. (1998上海)
A. will B. could C. may D. might
AC此句的关键是“I’ve told him already”，由此可见，你就不必再对他说了。在回答 “Could I …”这类婉客气的请求时，只能回答“Yes, you can 或 may”。不能用 could 或 might。3. --- Will you stay for lunch?
--- Sorry, ____. My brother is coming to see me. (N 1999)
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
4. ---- Write to me when you get home.
---- __________. (2001北京春季)
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I canBC此句的关键是 “My brother is coming to see me.” 所以我不能在这儿吃饭。在回答对方的请求或命令时，应该用 “Yes, I will.”而不能使用 would 或 should。6. 情态动词的其它一些用法
I wonder how he _______ that to the teacher. (1996上海)
A. dare to say B. dare saying
C. not dare say D. dared say
2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone
______ get out. (N 1997)
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
3. When he was there, he _______ go to that coffee shop at
the corner after work every day. (1996上海)
A. would B. should C. had better D. mightDCA注意比较 dare 和 need 的两种词性的不同用法。注意比较 could 与 was able to 的用法区别。 would 在此处表示过去惯常的动作。Good-bye!课件45张PPT。专题五 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、几组情态动词的区别 1．can 和 be able to can 与 be able to 都可以表示能力，但两者在用法上有点差异：can(could) 表示主观能力，不表示意愿；be able to 表示主观意愿，强调要克服困难去做某事。它的将来时用will be able to。例如： My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses. He is able to give up his bad habits. 2．must 和 have to must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须”，但有几点区别： (1)must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”，而 have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。 (2)have to 可用于多种时态，而 must 一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别由 had to 与 shall/will have to 代替。 (3)在回答 must 引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用 mustn't，而要用 needn't 或 don't have to，因为 mustn't 是“一定不要”、“一定不能”、“禁止”的意思。例如： 1)You must come to the classroom before eight. 2)It is raining hard outside，but I have to leave now. 3)“Must we do it now？”“No，you needn't.” 3．used to＋do，be used to＋doing 和 be used to＋do (1)used to＋do意为“过去常常做某事”，“过去一直做某事”；be used to＋v. ing/n.意为“习惯于”；be used to＋do 意为“被用来做某事”。 (2)used to 只表示过去，而 be used to＋v. ing/n.可表示现在、过去或将来。例如： 1)He used to smoke.Now he doesn't. 2)He's quite used to hard work/working hard. 3)The knife is used to cut bread. 4．can't 与 mustn't can't 表示“不能”，是指无能力；mustn't 表示“不能”，指的是“禁止，不允许”。在口语里，can't 也可表示“禁止，不允许”，但语气不如 mustn't 强。例如： He is so young that he can't go to school. There's a meeting inside.You mustn't make any noise. 5．can 和 may 考试中主要测试 can，may 或 could，might，表示可能性的区别及对 may 构成的疑问句的回答。 (1)can，could，may，might 都可以表示可能性。can，could 表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性；而 may，might，则表示事实上的可能性。此外，can，could 还有“有能力”的意思，而may与 might 不具有此意。例如： According to the weather forecast，it may rain tomorrow. Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong. (2)May I/we...？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为 Yes，please.或 Certainly；否定回答为 Please don't.或 No，you mustn't.例如： “May we leave now？”“No，you mustn't.You haven't finished your homework yet.” 6．情态动词＋动词完成式 情态动词＋动词完成式即“情态动词＋have＋done”，表示对过去的行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。 (1)must have done must have done 表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用 can(could)来表示。例如： Since the road is wet，it must have rained last night. He can't have missed the way.I drew him a map. The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it? 当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情，要用 must do 表示猜测，否定式为 can't do。 He must understand that we mean business. You must be hungry after a long walk. (2)may/might have done may/might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了，may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如： I can't find my keys.I may/might have left them at the school yesterday. (3)could have done 在肯定句型中，往往表示委婉的批评。本可以做什么而没做；有时也用作猜测。 You could have told us earlier. Tom could have taken the dictionary. (4)ought to/should have done和ought not to/shouldn't have done ought to/should have done和ought not to/shouldn't have done用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该……”和“本不应该……”。例如： 1)With all the work finished，I should have gone to the party last night. 2)You ought not to have made fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. (5)needn't have done needn't have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要……”。例如： Yon needn't have waken me up; I don't have to go to work today. 注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must 最大，could 其次，may 更次之，might 最小。例如： —I wonder how Tom knew about your past. —He must/could/may/might have heard of it from Mary. 7．情态动词＋动词进行式 情态动词＋行为动词进行式(即情态动词＋be＋doing)，表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如： (1)He must be playing basketball in the room. (2)She may be staying at home. 二、几个情态动词使用的特定范围 1．表示推测时，can 不能用在肯定句中(但 could 可以)；may 和 might 不能用在疑问句中。例如： Peter may come with us tonight，but he isn‘t very sure yet. Can it be a sunny day tomorrow? 2．作为情态动词，need 和 dare 不能用在肯定句中(条件状语从句除外)。肯定句中，须把它们用作实义动词，后接带 to 的不定式。例如： 【误】We need hold a meeting to discuss the matter. 【正】We need to hold a meeting to discuss the matter. 【正】If you need hold a meeting to discuss the matter, I'll give you a help. 3．在回答由 could 和 might 引起的表示请示的一般疑问句时，不能用 could 和 might (应分别用 can 和 may)回答。例如： —Could I borrow your dictionary? —Yes，of course you can. 三、一些“形义不一致”的现象 1．过去式 could 或 might 后接动词原形可以表示对现在或将来(不是对过去)的推测。例如： I'm afraid it might snow tonight. 2．may (not) 和 can't 后接完成时态，表示对过去(不是对现在或将来)的推测。例如： —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. —It can't have been a comfortable journey. 四、情态动词的常用形式的特殊使用 1．should 和 ought to 后接动词原形，常表示“应该……”；但也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会……”。例如： (1)It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack should be here at any moment. (2)—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They should be ready by 12：00. 2．could 后接完成式常表示“(过去)可能……”，但也可用来表示责备语气，意为“过去本来能够……，而实际上却未……”。例如： —We could have walked to the station；it was so near. —Yes.A taxi wasn't at all necessary.五、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1．虚拟条件句中谓语动词的形式(1)主句中的 should，could，might 具有情态意义。
(2)与将来事实相反时，条件句中谓语可由“should＋动词原形”构成，但要注意这里的 should 不能被 would，could，might 等替代。
(3)从句中单数 be 动词的过去式一般用 were，在口语中有时也可用 was。
2．有时候，从句与主句所指时间并不一致，这时谓语动词应分别用其相应的形式。这时便称为错综时态虚拟条件句。例如：
If he had studied hard, he would pass the exam tomorrow.3．条件句中的if省略时，从句应倒装。例如：
Had they got enough boats，they would have succeeded in crossing the river.
但条件句的谓语是实义动词的过去式，即谓语部分没有 had，were 或 should 时，if 不能省略，从句也不能倒装。4．含蓄条件句
非真实条件有时不用条件句而用短语，或通过上下文含蓄地表达出来，但在意义上它们仍相当于条件句。例如：
Without your help，we couldn't have finished it on time.
要不是你帮忙，我们不可能按时完成它。
But for the storm，we would have arrived earlier.
要是没有暴风雨，我们还会到得早些。
The ship would have sunk had it not been for the captain.要不是船长，船就沉了。
I'm really busy.Otherwise l would go with you.
我很忙，不然我会和你去的。六、虚拟语气在其他情况下的应用
1．在宾语从句中的运用
(1)suggest (建议)，ask，require，demand，decide，prefer，insist (坚持要求)，command，order 等表示“建议”、“请求”、“主张”、“命令”之类的动词后接宾语从句时，从句须用虚拟语气，其形式为“should＋动词原形”或“动词原形”。
但当 suggest 作“暗示”讲，insist 作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲时不用虚拟语气。
例如：
All the doctors insisted that he was badly wounded and that he should be operated on at once.
所有的医生都坚持认为他伤得很严重，坚决要求他立刻手术。特别提醒：除接宾语从句外，上述动词及其相应的名词后的主语从句、表语从句亦应用虚拟语气，形式同上。例如：
It is requested that Mr Wang give a performance at the party.有人请求王先生在晚会上表演一个节目。(主语从句)
My proposal is that we should give them more help.
我的建议是我们应给予他们更多的帮助。(表语从句)
He gave orders that the work be started at once.
他命令立即开始工作。(同位语从句)特别提醒：idea，plan 等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句也用虚拟语气，形式同上。
(2)在 wish 后的宾语从句中，须用虚拟语气，形式为：所述愿望与过去事实相反时用“had＋过去分词”，与现在事实相反时用过去式，与将来事实相反时用“would(不用should)＋动词原形”。例如：
I wish you had told me earlier.
How I wish I were a bird!
I wish someone would give me a hand.特别提醒：wish 后接 that 从句时不能用来表示祝愿。2．在主语从句中的运用
(1)在 It is necessary (important，better，natural，strange，surprising) that 这一句型中，从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其形式为“should＋动词原形”或“动词原形”。例如：
It is necessary that we should make our minds without delay.How surprising it is that he should have refused to come with you!
这一句型中的形容词多是表示“重要性”、“必要性”和“合适性”的，有较强的建议、规劝和命令色彩。
(2)在It is a pity (a shame，no wonder) that 这一句型中，从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其形式为“should＋动词原形”或“动词原形”。 3．在状语从句中的运用
(1)as if/as though 从句若表示非真实情况可用虚拟语气，其形式为：表示与过去事实相反时用“had＋过去分词”，与现在事实相反时用“过去式”，与将来事实相反时用“would/were going to 等＋动词原形”。特别提醒：①as if还可以引导表语从句。例如：
He looks as if he didn't agree to that plan.
②as if 可以跟在 look，seem，taste，smell 等连系动词后面引导一个表语从句，从句中的谓语动词所表示的情况若可能是事实的，可用陈述语气。例如：
It looks as if it is going to rain.(2)in order that/so that 引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用虚拟语气，其形式为：表示现在情况用“may/can＋动词原形”，表示过去用“might/could＋动词原形”。
(3)在 for fear that 和 in case 引导的状语从句中也常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should＋动词原形”。例如：
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch a cold.
In Britain，when people go out，they are used to taking umbrellas with them in case it should rain. 特别提醒：①这一句型中的 should 也可视作情态动词，意为“万一”。
②in case 引导的状语从句中也可用陈述语气。4．在其他情况下的运用
(1)在It is(high)time that 这一结构中，定语从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其形式为“过去式”或“should＋动词原形”。例如：
It is time that we went to bed/we should go to bed.
(2)当 would rather，had rather 后接省去 that 的从句时，从句中的谓语须用虚拟语气。其形式为：表示与过去事实相反时用“had＋过去分词”；与现在或将来事实相反时用“过去式”。例如：
I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
我宁愿他明天来，而不是今天。
这里的 would rather 和 had rather 在意义上相当于 wish。 (3)在某些表示祝愿的句子中，也常用虚拟语气，谓语动词一般由“原形动词”充当。例如：
“God bless you！”said the lawyer.
Long live the People's Republic of China!
中华人民共和国万岁！
(4)在 if only 引起的句子中用虚拟语气，其形式与 wish 引导的宾语从句中的形式相当。例如：
If only he had come in time.
If only I had enough money, I could buy a car nicer than yours. [名校模拟演练]1．(2010·山东潍坊质量监测)The order came that the medical supplies ______ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A．would be sent B．should send
C．be sent D．must be sent
解析：考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order, suggest, command等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should＋do, should可以省略。故选C。
答案：C2．(2010·安徽皖南八校二联)－When shall we meet your cousin at the station?
－His plane took off 2 hours ago, and it ______ arrive at 5 pm.
A．should B．could
C．must D．can
解析：考查情态动词的用法。should的意思是“应该会，可能”，在这里表示对将来的推测，预期会……
答案：A3．(2010·长春调研)－Has Tim started? He said he would join in the party.
－He ______. He is a man of his word.
A．could have left B．must have left
C．can't come D．won't be coming
解析：考查情态动词。根据“He is a man of his word”可知他是一个守信的人，因此推测他肯定已经启程了。
答案：B4．(2010·北京东城期末)－The traffic is heavy now, so Mike ______ come late.
－Let's wait ten more minutes.
A．can B．need
C．may D．shall
解析：考查情态动词的用法。语意：——现在交通繁忙，所以Mike可能会迟到。——那让我们再等10分钟吧。此处may表示“(有可能但不肯定)也许，可能”；can表示“能够”；need表示“需要”；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示“警告、命令、威胁”等语气。据此选C项。
答案：C5．(2010·北京海淀期末)－If you ______ to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.
－Oh, what a pity!
A．came B．had come
C．would come D．would have come
解析：考查虚拟语气。从语意分析，这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟，主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done，条件句用过去完成时态，答案应该选B项。
答案：B6．(2010·陕西西安质检)The well－dressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop. Strangely enough, she ______ have done such a thing.
A．would B．must
C．should D．might
解析：考查情态动词的用法。根据题干中的Strangely enough可知，这里应该用should，表示惊讶，可译为“竟然”。
答案：C7．(2010·上海春招)It is important to know about the cultural differences that ______ cause problems.
A．must B．dare
C．need D．may
解析：考查情态动词。语意：了解一些可能会引起问题的文化差异，这很重要。此处may用来表示“可能”；must“一定，必须”；dare作情态动词常用在否定句与疑问句中，表示“敢于”；need表示“必须，需要”。根据语意，这里选D项。
答案：D8．(2010·临川一中)－Can I tell my best friend about it?
－No. It's just between you and me. You ______ tell anyone else.
A．mustn't B．may not
C．needn't D．don't have to
解析：考查情态动词。根据答语的前半部分可知此处表示的是禁止，所以用mustn't。C、D两项的意思相同，表示“不必”。
答案：A9．(2010·河南省实验中学)－Hi, Johnson, any idea where Susan is?
－It's class time, so she ______ in the classroom now.
A．can be B．must have been
C．might have been D．should be
解析：考查情态动词。should用于对现在比较有把握的事情的推测，符合语意。can表示可能性时多用于否定句或疑问句中。
答案：D10．(2010·郑州一中)Tom ______ show his exam results to his parents.
A．dare not B．dare
C．dare to D．dares not to
解析：情态动词dare的过去式为dared，常用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，其否定式是在dare后接not，再接动词原形。dare作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化，构成否定式时，其前要加助动词，后接带to或不带to的动词不定式。由此可知选A项。
答案：A课件72张PPT。专题八
正反解读
情态动词和虚拟语气
热身导入
Can you list some modal verbs that you remembered?
modal verbscan/couldmay/mightwill/wouldshall/shouldmustought toUsed todarebe able toneedhave to专题八 │ 考点荟萃情态动词的语法特征1情态动词除ought to和used to外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。
2情态动词没有人称，数的变化，will can dare 除外。
3情态动词“时态”的形式并不是区分时间的主要标准。自主学习专题八 │ 考点荟萃 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。专题八 │ 考点荟萃一、情态动词表推测的用法
专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读 注意：should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如：
— When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They ________ be ready by 12：00.
A．can B．should C．might D．need
【解析】 B A项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。C项表示推测语气不太肯定。should意为“按理说，理应”，既回答了顾客的询问，不失礼貌，又为照片有可能尚未洗好，顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地，体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。 专题八 │ 正面解读He is at home. (事实)
He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）
He could be at home.（很可能）
He ought to be at home.（很可能）
He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）
He might be at home.（或许, 非常不确定）
He might not be at home.（也许不在家）
He may not be at home. （比might可能）
He couldn’t be at home.（很可能不在家）
He can’t be at home.（一定不在家）
He isn't at home.（事实）不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列情态动词+have done表示对过去情况的推测（一）should /ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感彩例1：I told Sally how to get there,
but perhaps I ____for her.(NMET94)
had to write it out
must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
析：选C。分析语境可知，口头上告知Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应使用should /ought to have written表示遗憾之情。（二）may/might have done可能已做 / must have done 一定已做/can’t have done不可能做例1：--- Where is my pen?
--- I _____it.(NMET88)
A. might lose
B. wouldn’t have lost
C. should have lost
D. must have lostD（三） could have done指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感彩. You could at least have sent five cards.
你本来可以至少寄去5张明信片的。
（说明没有寄那么多）
二、情态动词的其他用法
1．can, could, may, might
专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读2.must, should
专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读3. need, dare
专题八 │ 正面解读4.shall/will/would
专题八 │ 正面解读4.shall/will/would
专题八 │ 正面解读4.shall/will/would
专题八 │ 正面解读三、情态动词＋have done
专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读He must be reading, ____ he?
You must do it yourself, ____ you?
He must have gone over the article, ______he?
It must have rained last night, _____ it?表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成isn’tdon’thasn’tdidn’t可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中; 3.常以needn’t 和daren’t
的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared. 多用于肯定句;
(sb.) need to do
dare to do
(sth.) need to be
done
(sth.) need doing
判断正误:
How dare you say such a thing?
How dare you to say such a thing?He daren’t to speak English before such a
crowd, did he?
He daren’t speak English before such a
crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.
Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease. need 的被动含义：need，want, require, worth (adj.)后面接doing 也可表示被动,
need doing =need to be done
四、虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
1． 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读 If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car. 如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。(明天的情况还不知道)
If I had done it in time, I should have had a good time. 如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。(可惜当时没能及时做)
注意：
(1) 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。
(2) 条件句中如果动词是be，其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were；在第一、三人称单数的口语中，可用was代替were。但在if I were you中，不能说成if I was you。专题八 │ 正面解读(3) 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。
(4) 在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。专题八 │ 正面解读如：If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. ＝ Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion. 如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。
(5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如：
But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)
With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句)专题八 │ 正面解读2． 虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法专题八 │ 正面解读 I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)
I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)
I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.
我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)
3． 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用
(1) 在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend 等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：
He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once.
他要她立刻离开这所房子。专题八 │ 正面解读 He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.
他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个问题。
(2) 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如：
My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。专题八 │ 正面解读(3) 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如：
It's required that every student be on time for school.
要求每个学生准时到校。
(4) 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：
What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?
你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？专题八 │ 正面解读(5) 在It's＋necessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容词＋ that从句或It's a pity，a shame等名词＋ that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用should do。如：
It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。
It's a pity that you should be so careless.
你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。专题八 │ 正面解读4． 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，表示与过去相反的情况等。其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。如：
I've loved you as if you were my relative.
我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。
5． 虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法
(1) It's high/above time (that-)从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should＋动词原形；表示“早该……了”，其中should不可省略。如：
It's high/above time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。专题八 │ 正面解读(2) would rather＋从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反。如：
I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
(3) if only…要是……多好啊。如：
If only you hadn't offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。
If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。
(4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：
May you succeed！祝你成功！
Long live the People's Republic of China.
中华人民共和国万岁！
专题八 │ 正面解读1. 【误】 The streets are all dry; it mustn't have rained last night.
【正】 The streets are all dry; it can't have rained last night.
【解析】 对某一事实的否定推测不能用must，而要用can't 或couldn't表示“不可能”。专题八 │ 反面解读2． 【误】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess.
【正】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess.
【解析】 猜的事情发生在昨天，因此要用情态动词＋have done形式，当动词是be时，很容易忽略它的时态意义，要特别留意。
3． 【误】 He must be very friendly at times.
【正】 He can be very friendly at times.
【解析】 句意为：他有时会很友好。可知此处并非对现在的状态进行推测，而是一种理论上的可能性，因此用can。专题八 │ 反面解读4． 【误】 I can't find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday.
【正】 I can't find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday.
【解析】 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用must/may/might have done sth. 另外，表示“把……忘记在某地”应用动词leave。专题八 │ 反面解读5． 【误】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out.
【正】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone was able to get out.
【解析】 表示在过去成功地做到了某事，肯定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.。专题八 │ 反面解读6． 【误】 Will I open the window for you?
【正】 Shall I open the window for you?
【解析】 shall与第一、第三人称连用，表示征求意见或请求指示，这时不可用will。will通常与第二人称连用，即Will you…？
7． 【误】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water.
【正】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water.
【解析】 根据第一句可知，植物已经死亡，所以应该是自责：本应该多浇些水的。要用should have done形式表示“本应该做……而未做”。专题八 │ 反面解读8． 【误】 Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】 If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【解析】 当条件中含有were, had, should等时，可省略if，从而把were, had, should提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句，则只把were, had, should提前，not仍放在主语之后。专题八 │ 反面解读9． 【误】 If only I saw the film yesterday.
【正】 If only I had seen the film yesterday.
【解析】 if only后句子若表示过去的一种愿望，其谓语动词应用过去完成式，即if only sb. had done sth. 。
专题八 │ 反面解读1． — Everyone in my class passed the exam.
— Oh，really？It ________ difficult.
A．can't have been B．needn't have been
C．must be D．mightn't be
【解析】 A 考查情态动词。
表示否定的推测应使用 can‘t /cannot。
对过去进行推测，表示“一定不”应使用 can‘t have done。
句意为： “我们班上每个人都通过了考试。”
“哦，真的吗？那题目一定不难。”专题八 │ 实战演练2． [2009·安徽卷]
Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they ________ just be quiet people.
A．must B．may
C．should D．would
【解析】 B
句意为：有些人不喜欢讲话不一定是害羞，他们可能是安静的人。此处用may表示“可能”之意。专题八 │ 实战演练3． — Why didn't you answer the phone last night?
— I ________ when you called.
A．had to have slept
B．had to be sleeping
C．must have been sleeping
D．must have slept
【解析】 C 由时间状语和结合语境来看，这是对过去某个时间点正在发生事情的肯定推测，再结合题意，应该是must have been doing结构，选C。
专题八 │ 实战演练4． When I lived with my roommates in the university, we ________ often talk into the night.
A．might B．must C．should D．would
【解析】 D 这里描述的是过去经常发生的动作(或过去经常做的事情)。
e.g.
After dinner, he would sit around Grandpa, listening to his stories.专题八 │ 实战演练5． — This is the first time I ________ my first picture with my own hands.
— It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A．took; took
B．have taken; took
C．took; will take
D．will take; have taken
【解析】 B
This/It is the first time that…中，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成式；
It's (high) time that…中，从句谓语动词通常用一般过去式(即虚拟语气)，意为“该是做……的时候了”。专题八 │ 实战演练6． —Why hasn't Jack come back yet？________anything have happened to him?
—I'm not sure, but I guess something ________.
A．May；must have B．Can；may have
C．Must；may D．Dare；might have
【解析】 B 考查情态动词。在一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中表推测时常用can或could，推测发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式，只能选B。专题八 │ 实战演练7．It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it________ be rather cold sometimes.
A．must B．can C．should D．would
【解析】 B
can用在肯定句中可以指“有时会，可能会”，表示客观情况或逻辑上的可能性。句意为：三月份在我们家乡通常比较暖和，但有时也会非常冷。
8． Liza________ well not want to go on the trip — she hates traveling.
A．will B．can C．must D．may
【解析】 D may well (not) do sth.意为“很可能(不)干某事，完全(没)有可能干某事”。专题八 │ 实战演练9． Look at the floor, Tom！________you watch TV while having a meal?
A．Should B．Could
C．Would D．Must
【解析】 D
Must 表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦“非得、偏要”。
如：
Must you make so much noise？你就非得弄出这么大声吗？专题八 │ 实战演练10．The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they ________ win the championship.
A．should B．might
C．would D．must
【解析】 A 本题考查情态动词。
句意为：这个足球队在这个季度训练得很好，因此，他们应该会赢得冠军。
根据常理进行推测表示“应该……”时用should。专题八 │ 实战演练11．When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board ______ that only half of them would return again.
A．will never think
B．can never think
C．needn't have thought
D．couldn't have thought
【解析】 D 考查“情态动词＋完成式”的用法。
根据句意“当这艘轮船从泰国驶出的时候，船上的16名船员不会想到他们当中只有一半的人会返回”可知，这里表示对过去事情的否定推测，选D。专题八 │ 实战演练12．— What does the sign over there read?
— No person ______________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area.
A．will B．shall
C．may D．must
【解析】 B 考查情态动词的特殊用法。
答句句意为：任何人在这里都不能吸烟或者是携带点燃的香烟。
Shall在这里表示强制， 用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。专题八 │ 实战演练13．It‘s hard to believe that such a greedy man________ donate so much to the Project Hope.
A．may B．need
C．can D．shall
【解析】 C 考查情态动词的特殊用法。
句意为：这么贪婪的人竟能为希望工程捐出这么多钱，真是难以置信！
Can在这里表示惊讶、不相信，意为“居然会，竟能”。
How can you be so careless!
Should也可以表示说话人的感彩，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等，意为“竟然” 。E.g.
I’m surprised they should refuse our invitation.专题八 │ 实战演练14．For environmental reasons，we ________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
A．should B．would C．might D．could
【解析】 C 考查情态动词。 所填词与as well构成固定搭配，意思是“不妨…… ，还是 ……为好”用may/might，选C。E.g. It’s too late. You might as well not go.
15．We ________ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though.
A．could be B．should be
C．must have been D．would have been
【解析】 D would have done sth.表示与已经发生的事实相反，意思是“本来会……但实际没有”。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时到达，但我们在机场被延误了。专题八 │ 实战演练16．— Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning.
— Really？He ____________________ the 9：00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train.
A．could have taken B．should take
C．must have taken D．can take
【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。
上句表示珍妮已乘坐8点的汽车去了广州。答句句意为：她本可以坐9点的火车去的，坐火车舒服得多，安全得多。
“情态动词could＋完成式”表示“本来可以，而实际上并没有那么做”。专题八 │ 实战演练17．[2010·四川卷]
— ________ I take the book out?
— I'm afraid not.
A．Will B．May C．Must D．Need
【解析】 B 考查情态动词词义辨析。
表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can/may,用于一般疑问句，表示请求。
句意为： “我可以将这本书带出去吗？” “恐怕不行”。故应选表请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。
专题八 │ 实战演练18．[2010·安徽卷]
Jack described his father，who ________ a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man.
A．would be B．would have been
C．must be D．must have been
【解析】 D 考查情态动词。
句意为：杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人，他很多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩。
根据many years ago可知，是对过去事情的推测。would have been多用于条件句的虚拟语气中。专题八 │ 实战演练19．[2010·浙江卷]
Had I known about this computer program， a huge amount of time and energy ________.
A．would have been saved
B．had been saved
C．will be saved
D．was saved
【解析】 A 本题考查虚拟语气。根据Had I known提示，可知此句是虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，故主句谓语用would have done的形式。此外本句还是被动，选A。专题八 │ 实战演练20．[2010·湖南卷]
You ________ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.
A．must B．mustn't
C．have to D．don't have to
【解析】 D 考查情态动词。
don’t have to意为“没有必要”，符合语境。
句意为：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。
专题八 │ 实战演练21．[2010·陕西卷]
— May I take this book out of the reading room?
— No，you________. You read it in here.
A．mightn't B．won't C．needn't D．mustn't
【解析】 D 本题考查情态动词的用法。表示“禁止；千万别做某事”时，要用mustn't。
22．[2010·江西卷]
I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Will
【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。must在此意为“必须……吗？非得……吗？” ,句意为：前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗？专题八 │ 实战演练23．[2010·江苏卷]
— I haven’t got the reference book yet， but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
— Don’t worry. You ________have it by Friday.
A．could B．shall
C．must D．may
【解析】 B 本题考查情态动词。
当主语为第二、三人称时，情态动词shall表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁，本句表示允诺。专题八 │ 实战演练24．[2010·江苏卷]
George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
A．focus B．focused
C．would focus D．had focused
【解析】 B 本题考查虚拟语气。
would rather＋从句，从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使用一般过去时。专题八 │ 实战演练25．[2010·全国卷Ⅰ]
Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon.
A．can't B．needn't
C．may not D．will not
【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。
句意：耐心一点儿, 你不能期望世界变化如此快。通过选项此题考查情态动词, can’t在否定句中可以表示推测, 译为不可能,可以表示能力, 译为不能够,语气强烈。也可以表示命令, 不允许, 但是语气比mustn’t弱, 具有劝慰的意思, 根据句意此题中选择A, can’t表示劝慰。专题八 │ 实战演练26．[2010·福建卷] Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A．not allow
B．do not allow
C．mustn't allow
D．couldn't allow
【解析】 A 考查虚拟语气。句意为：教师们建议：为了孩子们的安全，父母不应让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。recommend意为“建议”，其后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。专题八 │ 实战演练27．[2010·天津卷] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn't B．wouldn't
C．mustn't D．couldn't
【解析】 A needn't have done 本没有必要做某事，实际上做了。句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后, 他早半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境, 提前半个小时到达, 说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙, 所以用needn’t have done 结构, 表示 “本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”。专题八 │ 实战演练28．[2010·重庆卷] You ________ park here! It's an emergency exit.
A．wouldn't B．needn't
C．couldn't D．mustn't
【解析】 D 考查情态动词词义辨析。由句意“这里是紧急出口”，可知此处不允许停车，所以用mustn't表示“禁止，不许”。专题八 │ 实战演练29．[2010·北京卷] —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah，good morning. You ________be Mrs. Peters.
A．might B．must C．would D．can
【解析】 B 本题考查情态动词在语境中的运用。 第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约, 那下面的人就回应说, "那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了“,用must来表示肯定推测。
30．[2010·山东卷] I ____________ have watched that movie — it'll give me horrible dreams.
A．shouldn't B．needn't C．couldn't D．mustn't
【解析】 A shouldn't have done意为“本不应该做但实际已经做了(表达后悔的情绪)” . e.g. You should have invited me to your wedding, but you forgot.专题八 │ 实战演练课件23张PPT。 Review ModalVerbs 情态动词must, can, could, may, might表推测的用法：情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都表推测。其中must的可能性最大，can / could次之，may / might最小。具体用法如下： 1. must的用法 （1）表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“一定、准是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。 He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他准是个美国人。（2）must表推测只能用于肯定句。
如表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时，应用can`t,
如询问某种可能时，应用can。 He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定） He can`t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不） Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗？（询问可能性） （3）must表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。 He must have a car now. （现在）他一定有辆小汽车。 He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。 He must have finished the work.（过去发生）他一定已完成了工作。 注：must表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用It`s certain / I`m sure that he will come tomorrow.（4）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的助动词应与must后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isn`t he? （现在）他准时个工人，是吗？
You must have learned English for many years, haven`t you? （完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？ 比较：
It must have rained last night, didn`t it? （过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？ He must have arrived by yesterday morning, hadn’t he?2. can / could的用法 （1）can表示推测“可能性”时，往往用于否定句或疑问句。Can`t“一定不”，can在疑问句中意思是“会、可能”。 He can`t be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。 （2）can /can`t+ have done，表示对过去发生的动作进行推测。 He can`t have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去了上海，我刚才还看见他。 It`s so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？ （3）could 还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。
Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station? Could you help me? （4）could have done
本能做但未做，表虚拟语气
I could have done it well，but I wasn’t so careful then .
3. may和might的用法 （1） may, might表示推测“可能性”时，意思是“可能”、“也许” He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American. 他可能是个美国人。 注：might不表示过去时态，只是语气上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。 （2）may, might表推测时，可以用于否定句，意思是“可能不、也许不”，但不用于疑问句。 He may / might not be at home. 他也许不在家。 （3）may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。 He may / might be sleeping now.
The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. 这个男孩可能没在家看电视 These students may / might have seen the film
before.（过去） 这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。 Choose the best answers : 1. I thought you______ like something to read. So I have brought you some books. A. ought B. might
C. would D. must2. –That man must be Sarah’s husband. --No, he_____ be her husband. She is still single. A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. may not D. ought to
3. Peter _____come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure. A. must B. may C. can D. will 4. –What____ it be? --It______ be a mail box, for it is moving.
It______ be a car. A. can; can’t; must B. can; can; must C. can; mustn’t; must D. must; mustn’t; can
5. –Look, someone is coming. Guess__________ . --Jack. He’s always on time. A. who can it be B. who he may C. who he can be D. who it can be6. –I saw Mary in the library yesterday. --You_____ her. She is still abroad. A. mustn’t see B. can’t have seen C. mustn’t have seen D. couldn’t see
7. David, you _____play with the valuable bottle, you_______ break it. A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 8. Susan refuses to marry Jack now. She ______her mind. A. must change
B. should have changed C. must have changed
D. would have changed9. Sue________ come together with us tonight, but she isn`t very sure yet. A. must B. may
C. need D. will
10. Aunt Margaret_________ the train, otherwise she would have arrived here by now. A. must have missed
B. should have missed C. had missed
D. might miss 情态动词+have+done”
表“本来…” 使用情形分析一、should have done过去本来应该
（而实际上并没有…)
should not have done 本不应该 …而实际上却已经…”
如：1、We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我们昨晚本应学习的，但我们却去看音乐会了。（实际上没有学习）
二、could have done
它表示"过去本来能够…" 实际上没能做…。如
1、I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds.
我本来能用12秒钟完100米的.（实际上没能）
2、If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted.
如果你当时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已提升了（实际上没有被提升）
三、need not have done
它表示过去已做的事，事实上没有必要。如，
1、I need not have got up so early .
我本来不必要那么早起床的（事实上早已起床）
2、I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。
（事实上已经等了一个小时）
问题:
would have done
在什么情况下使用呢?四、would have done 用在虚拟语气中
表示与过去事实相反之假设的结果，常与if 的条件句连用。
1、 I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties . 要是我当时知道你们的窘境，我就会帮助你了（而实际上没有帮助你）
2、If it hadn‘t rained yesterday, we would have gone out for a walk .假如昨天没下雨，我们就去散步了。（实际上没有去）。Practice1.Mr White ____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t turn up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving2. If he had been here yesterday, he ______ this pop star.
A. would meet
B. would have met
C. met
D. must have met3.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I____ in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
