课件63张PPT。高考英语复习突破课件:语法专题八 正反解读情态动词和虚拟语气(新课标人教版)
专题八 正反解读情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等,是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”;情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法,以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。专题八 │ 考点荟萃一、情态动词表推测的用法
专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读 注意:should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如:
— When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They ________ be ready by 12:00.
A.can B.should C.might D.need
【解析】 B A项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。C项表示推测语气不太肯定。should意为“按理说,理应”,既回答了顾客的询问,不失礼貌,又为照片有可能尚未洗好,顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地,体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。 专题八 │ 正面解读二、情态动词的其他用法
1.can, could, may, might
专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读2.must, should
专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读3. need, dare
专题八 │ 正面解读4.shall/will/would
专题八 │ 正面解读4.shall/will/would
专题八 │ 正面解读4.shall/will/would
专题八 │ 正面解读三、情态动词+have done
专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读四、虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
1. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 专题八 │ 正面解读专题八 │ 正面解读 If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不开车了。(明天的情况还不知道)
If I had done it in time, I should have had a good time. 如果我及时做的话,日子就好过多了。(可惜当时没能及时做)
注意:
(1) 主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称。
(2) 条件句中如果动词是be,其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were;在第一、三人称单数的口语中,可用was代替were。但在if I were you中,不能说成if I was you。专题八 │ 正面解读(3) 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整,这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如:
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干得就会容易些了。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听我的建议,他就不会干得这么好了。
(4) 在条件句中,如果有were, had, should等,则可省略if,但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。专题八 │ 正面解读如:If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. = Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion. 如果他来,我将和他一道参加讨论。
(5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句,虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如:
But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水,地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)
With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助,我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句)专题八 │ 正面解读2. 虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法专题八 │ 正面解读 I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)
I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)
I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.
我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)
3. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用
(1) 在insist;command,order;demand,request,require,desire;advise, propose, suggest,recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:
He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once.
他要她立刻离开这所房子。专题八 │ 正面解读 He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.
他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个问题。
(2) 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如:
My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。专题八 │ 正面解读(3) 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 结构中,主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如:
It's required that every student be on time for school.
要求每个学生准时到校。
(4) 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时,句子的动词也使用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”的形式,其中should可以省略。如:
What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?
你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢?专题八 │ 正面解读(5) 在It's+necessary,essential,important, strange, natural等形容词+ that从句或It's a pity,a shame等名词+ that 从句中,谓语动词可以使用should do。如:
It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。
It's a pity that you should be so careless.
你竟然如此粗心,真是可惜。专题八 │ 正面解读4. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
在as if/though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况;用过去完成式,表示与过去相反的情况等。其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。如:
I've loved you as if you were my relative.
我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。
5. 虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法
(1) It's high time that-从句中,谓语动词可以使用过去式,也可使用should+动词原形;表示“早该……了”,其中should不可省略。如:
It's high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。专题八 │ 正面解读(2) would rather+从句中,谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反;用过去完成式,表示与过去的情况相反。如:
I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
(3) if only…要是……多好啊。如:
If only you hadn't offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。
If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。
(4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如:
May you succeed!祝你成功!
Long live the People's Republic of China.
中华人民共和国万岁!
专题八 │ 正面解读1. 【误】 The streets are all dry; it mustn't have rained last night.
【正】 The streets are all dry; it can't have rained last night.
【解析】 对某一事实的否定推测不能用must,而要用can't 或couldn't表示“不可能”。专题八 │ 反面解读2. 【误】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess.
【正】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess.
【解析】 猜的事情发生在昨天,因此要用情态动词+have done形式,当动词是be时,很容易忽略它的时态意义,要特别留意。
3. 【误】 He must be very friendly at times.
【正】 He can be very friendly at times.
【解析】 句意为:他有时会很友好。可知此处并非对现在的状态进行推测,而是一种理论上的可能性,因此用can。专题八 │ 反面解读4. 【误】 I can't find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday.
【正】 I can't find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday.
【解析】 表示对过去情况的推测,通常用must/may/might have done sth. 另外,表示“把……忘记在某地”应用动词leave。专题八 │ 反面解读5. 【误】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out.
【正】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone was able to get out.
【解析】 表示在过去成功地做到了某事,肯定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.。专题八 │ 反面解读6. 【误】 Will I open the window for you?
【正】 Shall I open the window for you?
【解析】 shall与第一、第三人称连用,表示征求意见或请求指示,这时不可用will。will通常与第二人称连用,即Will you…?
7. 【误】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water.
【正】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water.
【解析】 根据第一句可知,植物已经死亡,所以应该是自责:本应该多浇些水的。要用should have done形式表示“本应该做……而未做”。专题八 │ 反面解读8. 【误】 Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】 If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【解析】 当条件中含有were, had, should等时,可省略if,从而把were, had, should提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句,则只把were, had, should提前,not仍放在主语之后。专题八 │ 反面解读9. 【误】 If only I saw the film yesterday.
【正】 If only I had seen the film yesterday.
【解析】 if only后句子若表示过去的一种愿望,其谓语动词应用过去完成式,即if only sb. had done sth. 。
专题八 │ 反面解读1.—Everyone in my class passed the exam.
—Oh,really?It ________ difficult.
A.can't have been B.needn't have been
C.must be D.mightn't be
【解析】 A 考查情态动词。对过去进行推测,表示“一定不”应使用 can't have done。句意为:“我们班上每个人都通过了考试。”“哦,真的吗?那题目一定不难。”专题八 │ 实战演练2. [2009·安徽卷] Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they ________ just be quiet people.
A.must B.may C.should D.would
【解析】 B 句意为:有些人不喜欢讲话不一定是害羞,他们可能是安静的人。此处用may表示“可能”之意。专题八 │ 实战演练3. —Why didn't you answer the phone last night?
—I ________ when you called.
A.had to have slept
B.had to be sleeping
C.must have been sleeping
D.must have slept
【解析】 C 由时间状语和结合语境来看,这是对过去某个时间点正在发生事情的肯定推测,再结合题意,应该是must have been doing结构,选C。专题八 │ 实战演练4. When I lived with my roommates in the university, we ________ often talk into the night.
A.might B.must C.should D.would
【解析】 D 这里描述的是过去经常发生的动作(或过去经常做的事情)。专题八 │ 实战演练5. —This is the first time I ________ my first picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A.took; took
B.have taken; took
C.took; will take
D.will take; have taken
【解析】 B This/It is the first time that…中,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成式;It's (high) time that…中,从句谓语动词通常用一般过去式(即虚拟语气),意为“该是做……的时候了”。专题八 │ 实战演练6. —Why hasn't Jack come back yet?________anything have happened to him?
—I'm not sure, but I guess something________.
A.May;must have B.Can;may have
C.Must;may D.Dare;might have
【解析】 B 考查情态动词。在一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中表推测时常用can或could,推测发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式,只能选B。专题八 │ 实战演练7.It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it________ be rather cold sometimes.
A.must B.can C.should D.would
【解析】 B can用在肯定句中可以指“有时会,可能会”,表示客观情况或逻辑上的可能性。句意为:三月份在我们家乡通常比较暖和,但有时也会非常冷。
8. Liza________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.
A.will B.can C.must D.may
【解析】 D may well (not) do sth.意为“很可能(不)干某事,完全(没)有可能干某事”。专题八 │ 实战演练9. Look at the floor, Tom!________you watch TV while having a meal?
A.Should B.Could
C.Would D.Must
【解析】 D must 表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦“非得、偏要”。如:
Must you make so much noise?你就非得弄出这么大声吗?专题八 │ 实战演练10.The soccer team has been doing well this season,so they ________win the championship.
A.should B.might C.would D.must
【解析】 A 本题考查情态动词。句意为:这个足球队在这个季度训练得很好,因此,他们应该会赢得冠军。根据常理进行推测表示“应该……”时用should。
专题八 │ 实战演练11.When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board ______ that only half of them would return again.
A.will never think
B.can never think
C.needn't have thought
D.couldn't have thought
【解析】 D 考查“情态动词+完成式”的用法。根据句意“当这艘轮船从泰国驶出的时候,船上的16名船员不会想到他们当中只有一半的人会返回”可知,这里表示对过去事情的否定推测,选D。专题八 │ 实战演练12.—What does the sign over there read?
—No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area.
A.will B.shall C.may D.must
【解析】 B 考查情态动词的特殊用法。答句句意为:任何人在这里都不能吸烟或者是携带点燃的香烟。shall在这里表示强制,用于法令、条约、规章中,意为“必须,应该”。专题八 │ 实战演练13.It's hard to believe that such a greedy man________ donate so much to Project Hope.
A.may B.need C.can D.shall
【解析】 C 考查情态动词的特殊用法。句意为:这么贪婪的人竟能为希望工程捐出这么多钱,真是难以置信!can在这里表示惊讶、不相信,意为“居然会,竟能”。专题八 │ 实战演练14.For environmental reasons,we ________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
A.should B.would C.might D.could
【解析】 C 考查情态动词。所填词与as well构成固定搭配,意思是不妨,用might,选C。
15.We ________ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though.
A.could be B.should be
C.must have been D.would have been
【解析】 D would have done sth.表示与已经发生的事实相反,意思是“本来会……但实际没有”。句意为:我们本来能在午餐时到达,但我们在机场被延误了。专题八 │ 实战演练16.—Jenny took the 8:00 bus to Guangzhou this morning.
—Really?He ________ the 9:00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train.
A.could have taken B.should take
C.must have taken D.can take
【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。上句表示珍妮已乘坐8点的汽车去了广州。答句句意为:她本可以坐9点的火车去的,坐火车舒服得多,安全得多。“情态动词could+完成式”表示“本来可以,而实际上并没有那么做”。专题八 │ 实战演练17.[2010·四川卷] —________ I take the book out?
—I'm afraid not.
A.Will B.May C.Must D.Need
【解析】 B 考查情态动词词义辨析。may用于一般疑问句,表示请求。专题八 │ 实战演练18.[2010·安徽卷] Jack described his father,who ________ a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man.
A.would be B.would have been
C.must be D.must have been
【解析】 D 考查情态动词。句意为:杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人,他很多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩。根据many years ago可知,是对过去事情的推测。would have been多用于条件句的虚拟语气中。专题八 │ 实战演练19.[2010·浙江卷] Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy________.
A.would have been saved
B.had been saved
C.will be saved
D.was saved
【解析】 A 本题考查虚拟语气。根据Had I known提示,可知此句是虚拟语气,且与过去事实相反,故主句谓语用would have done的形式。此外本句还是被动,选A。专题八 │ 实战演练20.[2010·湖南卷] You ________ buy a gift,but you can if you want to.
A.must B.mustn't
C.have to D.don't have to
【解析】 D 考查情态动词。don't have to意为“没有必要”,符合语境。句意为:你没有必要买礼物,但如果你想买的话,你也可以买。
专题八 │ 实战演练21.[2010·陕西卷] —May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No,you________. You read it in here.
A.mightn't B.won't C.needn't D.mustn't
【解析】 D 本题考查情态动词的用法。表示“禁止;千万别做某事”时,要用mustn't。
22.[2010·江西卷] I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?
A.Must B.Can C.May D.Will
【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。句意为:我已经告诉你真相了。要我一再重复吗?must在此用于加强语气,意为“必须……吗?非得……吗?”专题八 │ 实战演练23.[2010·江苏卷] —I haven't got the reference book yet,but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry. You ________have it by Friday.
A.could B.shall
C.must D.may
【解析】 B 本题考查情态动词。当主语为第二、三人称时,情态动词shall表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁,本句表示允诺。专题八 │ 实战演练24.[2010·江苏卷] George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
A.focus B.focused
C.would focus D.had focused
【解析】 B 本题考查虚拟语气。would rather+从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使用一般过去时。专题八 │ 实战演练25.[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon.
A.can't B.needn't
C.may not D.will not
【解析】 A 考查情态动词的用法。can't表示“不能”,语气强烈。专题八 │ 实战演练26.[2010·福建卷] Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A.not allow
B.do not allow
C.mustn't allow
D.couldn't allow
【解析】 A 考查虚拟语气。句意为:教师们建议:为了孩子们的安全,父母不应让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。recommend意为“建议”,其后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。专题八 │ 实战演练27.[2010·天津卷] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.
A.needn't B.wouldn't
C.mustn't D.couldn't
【解析】 A needn't have done 本没有必要做某事,实际上做了。专题八 │ 实战演练28.[2010·重庆卷] You ________ park here! It's an emergency exit.
A.wouldn't B.needn't
C.couldn't D.mustn't
【解析】 D 考查情态动词词义辨析。由句意“这里是紧急出口”,可知此处不允许停车,所以用mustn't表示“禁止,不许”。专题八 │ 实战演练29.[2010·北京卷] —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah,good morning. You ________be Mrs. Peters.
A.might B.must C.would D.can
【解析】 B 本题考查情态动词。根据句子意思“你肯定是Mrs. Peters”可知用must来表示肯定推测。
30.[2010·山东卷] I ________ have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
A.shouldn't B.needn't C.couldn't D.mustn't
【解析】 A shouldn't have done意为“本不应该做但实际已经做了(表达后悔的情绪)” 专题八 │ 实战演练课件41张PPT。动词和动词短语
1.接不定式(不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词
afford(买得起;有能力做),agree(同意),arrange(安排),ask(要求;让),beg(请求),fail(失败),choose(选择),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决定),expect(期待),fear(害怕),help(帮助),hope(希望),learn(学习),manage(设法),offer(提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),promise(许诺),refuse(拒绝),want(想要),wish(希望)
It is a very important exam so I can’t afford to fail it.
这是非常重要的考试,我不可以失败。
My neighbour offered to help me when I was in trouble.
当我困难时,邻居主动提出帮我忙。2.接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),delay(推迟),deny(否认),dislike(不喜欢),enjoy(喜欢),escape(逃避),fancy(想象),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),stand(忍受),imagine(想象),keep(继续),mention(提到),mind(介意),miss(错过),permit(允许),practise(练习),prohibit(禁止),report(报道),risk(冒险),stop(停止),suggest(建议),understand(理解)
I really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.
我非常乐意与工作如此出色的人共事。
(2007·江苏卷)—Can I smoke here?
——我可以在这里吸烟吗?
—Sorry.We don’t allow smoking here.
——对不起,我们不允许在这里吸烟。3.接不定式作宾补的33个常用动词
advise(建议),allow(允许),ask(要求),beg(请求),cause(导致),command(命令),drive(驱使),elect(选举),encourage(鼓励),expect(期望),forbid(禁止),force(强迫),get(使;要),help(帮助),intend(打算),invite(邀请),leave(委托),like(喜欢),mean(打算),need(需要),oblige(迫使),order(命令),permit(允许),persuade(说服),prefer(宁愿),request(要求),remind(提醒),teach(教),tell(告诉),train(训练),want(想要),warn(警告),wish(希望)
Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself,but her parents did not allow her to do so.
玛丽想独自一人环游世界,但是她父母不允许她这样做。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
参观者请勿触摸展品。4.接现在分词作宾补的15个常用动词
catch(碰上;撞上),discover(发现),feel(感觉),find(发现),get(让,使),have(使),hear(听见),keep(使),listen to(听),look at(看),notice(注意到),observe(观察),see(看见),start(使),watch(观察)
She observed a man walking in the street.
她看到一个男子在大街上行走。
He had the light burning all night long.
他让灯着了整整一个晚上。5.主动语态中接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词
feel(感觉),have(使),hear(听见),let(让),listen to(听),look at(看),make(使;让),notice(注意),observe(观察),see(看见),watch(观察)
To be honest,I didn’t notice them come in.
诚实地说,我没注意到他进来。6. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词
like(喜欢),love(喜爱),hate(讨厌),prefer(宁愿),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续),can’t bear(不能忍受),bother(费心),intend(想要),attempt(试图)
Having talked to him for a while I started to like him.
和他聊了一会儿,我开始喜欢他了。
They have already started planning for it.
他们早已开始计划此事了。7.可接双宾语的34个常用单词
(1)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的19个常用动词
award(授予),bring(带来),hand(递),lend(借),mail(邮寄),offer(提供),owe(欠),pass(递),pay(付钱),post(寄),read(读),return(归还),send(送),sell(卖),show(展示),teach(教),tell(告诉),throw(扔),write(写)
They awarded the first prize to John.
他们授予约翰一等奖。(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for 的15个常用动词
book(预订),buy(购买),choose(选择),cook(煮),draw(画),fetch(去取),find(找到),fix(安装),get(取得,带来),make(做),order(订购),prepare(准备),save(节省),sing(唱),spare(留出)
I can’t spare time for a holiday at present.
目前我抽不出时间度假。8.可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的8个常见动词
accuse(控告),cheat(欺骗),cure(治愈),inform(通知),remind(提醒),rid(摆脱),rob(抢劫),warn(警告)
This photo reminds me of my school days.
这张照片使我想起了学生时代。
9.可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.”的8个常见动词
blame(指责),criticise(批评),forgive(原谅),excuse(原谅),pardon(原谅),punish(惩罚),scold(指责),thank(感谢)
Forgive me for saying so,but I think that’s nonsense.
请原谅我这么说,我认为那是无稽之谈。1.(2010·福建卷)—In this day and age,women can have children and jobs as well.
—I can’t agree more.It’s great to have the two________.
A.linked B.related
C.connected D.combined
解析: 句意为:——在当今时代,妇女既可以带孩子又可以工作。——我完全赞成。把两者结合起来太棒了。本题考查动词词义辨析。link 指将两事物相连接;relate指将两事物联系起来;connect也指将两事物相连接或联系;combine 指把两者结合起来。根据句意,故D项正确。
答案: D2.(2010·浙江卷)The majority of people in the town strongly________the plan to build a playground for children.
A.consider B.support
C.confirm D.submit
解析: 本题考查动词。句意为:这个镇上大部分人都非常支持为孩子们建操场的计划。consider 考虑,认为;support 支持,支撑,养活;confirm 确认;submit 提交,呈递,屈服。根据句意以及副词strongly可得知答案为B项。
答案: B3.(2010·天津卷)He telephoned the travel agency to________three air tickets to London.
A.order B.arrange
C.take D.book
解析: 句意为:他给旅行社打电话订了三张去伦敦的机票。本题考查动词辨析。order:request sb.to bring(food,drink,etc.)in a hotel,restaurant,etc.(在旅馆、饭店等)叫(饭菜、饮料等);book:reserve(a place,accommodation,etc.),buy(a ticket,etc.)in advance预订(位子,膳宿等),预购(票等);arrange安排,布置;take 拿走,取走。
答案: D4.(2010·江西卷)Parents________much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A.attach B.pay
C.link D.apply
解析: 句意为:父母认为教育很重要。他们会尽全力给他们的孩子那份无价的礼物。本题考查动词短语搭配。attach much importance to...认为……很重要;link...to...把……与……联系起来;apply(...)to 运用,应用。
答案: A5.(2010·辽宁卷)The new movie________to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.
A.promises B.agrees
C.pretends D.declines
解析: 句意为:这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一。本题考查动词辨析。promise to be有希望成为;agree to do sth.同意做某事;pretend to do sth.假装做某事;decline to do sth.拒绝做某事。
答案: A
1.常用短语
(1)base...on...把……建立在……基础上
(2)care about 在乎,计较,介意(常用于否定句和疑问句)
(3)cheer up高兴起来,振作起来
(4)carry out 实施,完成
(5)catch up with 赶上
(6)date back to/from 追溯至,始于……
(7)hold back 阻挡,忍住,保留,隐瞒
(8)knock down 撞倒,击倒
(9)lay aside 把……搁置一旁,储存
(10)work out 算出,制定出2.与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词
break
break away from 脱离 break down 坏掉,出故障;垮掉
break into 闯入,破门而入 break out (战争)爆发
break in 破门而入 break off 打断,中断
break through 逾越,突破;冲破
break up 打碎;(物理)分解;分开;结束;制止
call
call for 需要;邀请 call on/at号召;访问
call in 召集;召来 call up 召唤,召集;打电话
call off 取消
come
come about 发生 come across 偶遇
come to 共计,达到,苏醒 come true 变为现实
come up 走上前,被提出 come up with 提出
come into being 形成
get
get about 四处走动;传开 get across 传达
get away 逃脱,设法离开 get down 下来;记下get in 收割;到达 get off 出发;下班
get together 聚会 get through 接通;通过
get down to 开始认真干 get over 克服
get along/on with 进展;相处
give
give up 放弃 give in屈服
give out 用尽;分发 give away泄露;赠送;颁发
give off 发出 give back 归还,使恢复
go
go against 违背;对……不利 go ahead 开始,进展,进行
go after/for 追逐,追求 go without 勉强维持;凑合go in for 爱好,参加,从事 go through 通过;经历
go over 复习;仔细审查 go by 过去,经过
hold
hold back 隐瞒;控制(情感) hold out维持;抵抗;硬撑
hold up使……耽搁 hold on 坚持;别挂(电话)
hold together 团结一致 hold on to 保留,抓住不放
make
make up for 补偿,弥补 make out 辨认出
make fun of 取笑 make up one’s mind 下定决心
make sense 有道理(意义),讲得通
make good/full use of...充分利用……make up 编造;组成;构成;补齐;凑足
put
put aside 把……放在一边 put away 把……收好
put down 扑灭,平息 put forward 提出
put off 延期;推诿 put out 扑灭;生产
put up with 忍受,容忍
put up 挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿
turn
turn down拒绝;调低 turn in 上交
turn out 结果是,证明是 turn over 移交,交给
turn up 出现;调高 turn off 关掉
turn on打开 turn away 走开
turn to 求助于;翻到1.(2010·辽宁卷)Thousands of people________to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A.turned on B.turned in
C.turned around D.turned out
解析: 句意为:结果成千上万的人观看了昨天对阵爱尔兰的比赛。本题考查动词短语。turn on打开(电器);turn in上交;turn around转身;turn out 结果是,证明是。
答案: D2.(2010·福建卷)We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do.Let’s________it.
A.keep up with B.do away with
C.get down to D.look forward to
解析: 句意为:我们刚搬进一幢较大的房子,有许多事要做。让我们着手做吧。本题考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“跟上”;B项意为“废除,去掉”;C项意为“开始,着手做”;D项意为“期望”。
答案: C3.(2010·浙江卷)After that,he knew he could________any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.
A.get away with B.get on with
C.get through D.get across
解析: 句意为:之后,他明白了只要尽其所能,把能力发挥到最好就能解决任何紧急事件。get away with 意为“带着……逃脱,离开”;get on with 意为“继续做”;get through 意为“通过,做完,解决”;get across 意为“越过,被理解,通过”。根据句意可知答案为C项。
答案: C4.(2010·安徽卷)No matter how low you consider yourself,there is always someone________you wishing they were that high.
A.getting rid of B.getting along with
C.looking up to D.looking down upon
解析: 句意为:无论你把自己看得多么的低微,总是有人仰慕你并希望(像你)那么高大。本题考查动词词组辨析。look up to 仰视、尊敬;get rid of 除掉;get along with 相处、进展;look down upon 轻视、看不起。
答案: C5.(2010·天津卷)Joining the firm as a clerk,he got rapid promotion,and________as a manager.
A.ended up B.dropped out
C.came back D.started off
解析: 句意为:他进入公司时只是一个小职员,后来晋升很快,最终当上了经理。本题考查动词短语辨析。end up as+职位/职业表示“最终做了某职位或职业”;drop out 退学或退出;come back 回来;start off 出发。
答案: A1.(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The workers________the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.
A.carried B.delivered
C.pressed D.packed
解析: 句意为:工人们把那些玻璃杯打包,并且在每个盒子上标上“请勿倒置”的字样。本题考查动词辨析。语境提到“玻璃杯”和“每个盒子”,可见这里表示工人把这些玻璃杯打包进行包装,因此选D。pack打包。carry搬,扛,运;deliver 分发,投递;press 按,压。
答案: D2.(2010·山东卷)Your house is always so neat—how do you________it with three children?
A.manage B.serve
C.adapt D.construct
解析: 句意为:你的房子总是这么整洁——有三个孩子,你是怎样做到这一点的?manage:succeed in doing(sth.)成功做成(某事);完成(困难的事),应付(困难局面);serve 服务;adapt 适应,改写;construct 建设,it 在这里指代“Your house is always so neat...”这一现象。
答案: A3.(2010·湖北卷)Had she________her promise,she would have made it to Yale University.
A.looked up to B.lived up to
C.kept up with D.come up with
解析: 句意为:假如她当初遵守自己的诺言,她本可以被耶鲁大学录取的。本题考查动词短语辨析。live up to 符合,履行,look up to 抬头看;keep up with 赶上;come up with 想出。
答案: B4.(2010·陕西卷)You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must________you,I suppose.
A.agree with B.agree to
C.agree on D.agree about
解析: 句意为:你气色很好。我想,三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。本题考查的是动词词组。agree with:suit sb.’s health or digestion (对某人的健康或胃口)适合。又如:If the type of food does not agree with you,it makes you feel ill.agree to 同意,愿意;agree on:If people agree on sth.,they all decide to accept or do sth.就某事达成一致协议。
答案: A5.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)My mother opened the drawer to________the knives and spoons.
A.put away B.put up
C.put on D.put together
解析: 句意为:妈妈打开抽屉把刀和勺子收好。本题考查动词词组辨析。put away (使用完毕)将某物收起或放进抽屉、箱子里;put up举起,建造、搭起,张贴等;put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽),演出(戏剧);put together合计,合起来,组装。根据句意,A项正确。
答案: A6.(2010·安徽卷)—How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
—To be honest,his singing didn’t________to me much.
A.appeal B.belong
C.refer D.occur
解析: 句意为:——你觉得Nick 昨天晚上表演得怎么样?——说实话,他的演唱对我没多大吸引力。appeal to sb.—attract or interest sb.(对某人)有吸引力;(使某人)感兴趣。belong to 属于;refer to 谈到、提到;occur to 发生。
答案: A7.(2010·江西卷)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep,and you may just________sweet dreams.
A.keep up with B.put up with
C.end up with D.catch up with
解析: 句意为:睡前闻闻这些花,你可能就会做美梦。本题考查动词短语辨析。 keep up with 跟上;put up with 忍受,容忍;end up with 以……结束;catch up with 追上,赶上。C项符合句意。
答案: C8.(2010·四川卷)Jenny was looking for a seat when,luckily,a man ________and left.
A.took up B.got up
C.shut up D.set up
解析: 句意为:Jenny 正在找座位,这时正好有个人起身离开了。本题考查动词短语辨析。take up从事,占据;get up 起床,起身;shut up 关闭,闭嘴;set up建立,搭起。
答案: B9.(2010·山东卷)Sam________some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A.brought up B.looked up
C.picked up D.set up
解析: 句意为:Sam 只通过观看别人操作电脑便学到了一些电脑知识。考查动词短语辨析。bring up 抚养;look up 抬头看,查询;pick up好转,开车接人,认出,学会;set up建造,搭起。根据句意故选C项。
答案: C10.(2010·江苏卷)The experiment has________the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet,but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A.found out B.pointed out
C.ruled out D.carried out
解析: 句意为:试验排除了那个星球有生命存在的可能性,但是这并不意味着其他星球上就没有生命存在。本题考查动词短语。find out 查明;point out 指出;rule out 排除;carry out 贯彻,执行,根据句意可知答案为C项。
答案: C课件54张PPT。情态动词和虚拟语气
1.shall
(1)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等,一般用于第二、三人称中,并用于陈述句。
The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school unless accompanied by an adult.
学校制度规定,除非有家长陪伴,任何孩子不准离开学校。
You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.
假如你做那种事,我就不支持你。(2)用于征求对方的意见或指示,用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。
—Has Mr Wang arrived?
——王先生到了吗?
—Yes,already.Shall he wait outside or just come in?
——是的,已经到了。他是进来,还是在外面等?
2.must
(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)
Smoking must not be allowed in the office.
严禁在办公室吸烟。(2)表示“偏执”“固执”
Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?
为什么在别人正学习的时候,你非得这么大声说话呢?
3.should
(1)表示预测可能性,并意为“可能,(按道理)应该”。
It’s nearly 7 o’clock.Jack should be here at the moment.
快7点了,杰克此刻应该在这儿了。
(2)竟然,居然
I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.
我很惊奇你居然用那种口气说话。4.would 与used to
would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。
He would come to see us on Sundays.
过去他经常星期天来看望我们。
Our company used to do business with theirs.
过去我们公司和他们的公司常有业务往来。5.can 和could 的用法
(1)表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing?
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?
(2)cannot...too/enough 表示“无论……也不过分”“越……越好”。
You can’t be too careful while driving.
开车时越小心越好。
6.will与would
(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决心等。
would 用于过去的情况。
I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he won’t listen.
我一再告诉他戒烟,但是他就是不听。(2008·北京卷)John promised his doctor he would not smoke,and he never smoked ever since.
约翰答应医生不再吸烟了,并且从那时起他再也不吸烟了。
(2)will 可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
每天早晨,他总是沿着小河散步。
7.may 与might
(1)“may as well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”。
You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。
We may as well stay where we are.
我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。(2)may 作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用“mustn’t”表示“禁止”;must 作“必须”讲时,其否定式是“needn’t”,表示“不必”。
—May I use your car?
—No,you mustn’t.(委婉的拒绝可用:Sorry,but I am using it now.或You’d better not.等)
—Must I work out the problem tonight?
—No,you needn’t.1.(2010·江苏卷)—I haven’t got the reference book yet,but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don’t worry.You________have it by Friday.
A.could B.shall
C.must D.may
解析: 句意为:——我至今还没有拿到参考书,但是下个月这个学科就要测试了。——别担心,周五之前你一定会有的。本题考查情态动词。shall 用于第二人称表示允诺、要求、命令、威胁等语气,根据句意可知此处表示允诺的语气,故答案为B。could 能,能够;must 必须;may 也许,均不符合语境,可排除。
答案: B2.(2011·潍坊质量监测)When we worked in the same firm several years ago,we________often go to the cinema together.
A.would B.will
C.shall D.could
解析: 考查情态动词。句意为:当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。would 这里表示(过去)常常。
答案: A3.(2010·福建毕业班检查)For environmental reasons,we ________as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
A.should B.would
C.might D.could
解析: 考查情态动词。根据语意,这里表示“我们只好把这些废弃产品收起来并回收利用”,固定表达may/might as well 意为“使……倒也无妨,只好做”,由此我们不难判断这里选C项。
答案: C4.(2010·南通二模)—Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?
—No,it________take you long.It’s not the rush hour now.
A.shouldn’t B.shan’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
解析: 考查情态动词。根据应答句的后一分句可知所填词意思是:不应该,选A。
答案: A
1.can 用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测,意为“有时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,can’t 意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。
Mr Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?
布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能迟到会议呢?(2008·福建卷)It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold sometimes.
我的家乡通常在三月份很暖和,但有时会相当冷。
2.may,might用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测,意为“可能”;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not 意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气。
(2009·辽宁卷)The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a bit late,so could you save me a place?
最近这些天交通拥挤。我有可能迟到一会儿,因此请你给我留个位子好吗?
(2008·全国卷Ⅱ)Liza may well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.莉莎可能不想去旅行,她厌恶旅行。3.must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,表示十分肯定的(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。
(2009·重庆卷)—Hi,Tom.Any idea where Jane is?
—She must be in the classroom.I saw her there just now.
——嗨,Tom,你知道Jane在哪儿吗?
——她肯定在教室里,我刚才在那儿看到她了。
4.should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。
(2010·淄博检测)The public transport in Beijing is very convenient,so there shouldn’t be any difficulty in traveling around the city.
现在北京的公共交通非常便利,所以在市区观光不应该有什么困难。1.(2010·浙江卷)“You________have a wrong number,” she said,“There’s no one of that name here.”
A.need B.can
C.must D.would
解析: 句意为:“你肯定打错电话了,”她说,“这儿没有叫那个名字的人。”考查情态动词。此处情态动词表推测,由语境可知说话人对推测的事情把握较大,所以用must(肯定,一定)。
答案: C2.(2010·烟台二模)—I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
—You________.You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.
A.will B.may
C.have to D.should
解析: 考查情态动词的用法。根据题意可知,这里选择should的意思是“应该”。这句话的意思是:你应该这样做(即给Bob打个电话),你们都多年没有联系了。
答案: D3.(2010·济宁一模)—When shall we hold the meeting?
—It________be better to put it off until next week.
A.must B.could
C.can D.will
解析: 考查情态动词。此处could表示可能性、推测:说不定会。如:It could be better to stay here.说不定呆在这里比较好。
答案: B
1.can/could have done表示“本来可以做,而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定,其中can’t have done 多用于语气强烈的否定,意为“不可能做过”。
(2008·天津卷)She can’t have left school,for her bike is still here.她的自行车现在还在这儿,她不可能已经离开了学校。
The accident could have been avoided.
这场事故本来是可以避免的。2.may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“可能做过”。might 所表示的可能性比较弱,语气较委婉。此外might have done 可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。
—I can’t find my purse anywhere.
——我到处找不到我的钱包。
—You may have lost it while shopping.
——你可能在购物的时候弄丢了。
3.must have done 表示对过去行为的推测,意为“一定,想必”,语气十分肯定。
(2009·上海卷)It must have been Tom that parked the car here,as he is the only one with a car.
一定是汤姆把车停在这里的,因为只有他有车。
4.should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的事反而做了。
I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldn’t have eaten so much fried chicken just now.
我现在觉得肚子疼,我刚才不应该吃那么多的炸鸡。
You oughtn’t to have been late for yesterday’s class meeting,as it was so important.
昨天的班会你本不应该迟到,因为它很重要。
5.needn’t have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。
I actually needn’t have bought so much wine—only three people came.其实我本没必要买这么多酒,只来了三个人。1.(2010·潍坊教学质量抽样监测)Her English composition is much too perfect.She ________it herself,I bet.
A.might have written B.can’t have written
C.can’t write D.must have written
解析: 考查情态动词。语意为:她的英语作文太好了,我打赌一定不是她写的。因为write是过去的动作,表示对过去事情的否定推测用can’t +have done。
答案: B2.(2010·3月浙江金华十校联考)—Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday.
—Well,I________,but I had something important to do the moment.
A.should B.must
C.should have D.must have
解析: 考查情态动词和省略。should have 在这里相当于should have come to Mike’s birthday party,即“我本应该去参加Mike 的生日晚会的”。should have done 表“本应该做某事(但实际上未做)”,其他选项不合题意。
答案: C3.(2010·安徽卷)Jack described his father,who________a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man.
A.would be B.would have been
C.must be D.must have been
解析: 句意为:杰克的父亲很多年前一定非常勇敢,因此杰克说他的父亲是一个意志坚定的人。本题考查情态动词表推测语气。由句中的many years ago 可知是对过去的推测,故排除A、C;而B项表示可能性很小,故被排除。
答案: D4.(2010·山东卷)I________have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t
C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
解析: 句意为:我本不应该去看那部电影——它会使我做噩梦的。考查情态动词。shouldn’t have done本不该干,但是干了;needn’t have done 本没必要干,但是干了;couldn’t have done 不可能干了某事。无mustn’t have done 结构。根据题干所提供信息应选A项。
答案: A注意:(1)若条件句中有were,had,should,可把if 省略,而把were,had,should 放在主语前,形成倒装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中。
Had you taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议,你就不会考试不及格了。
(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致,此时,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。
If you had worked hard,you would be very tired now.
如果你真的努力工作了,你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去,主句指现在)(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来,而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示,此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。
Without electricity(=If there were no electricity),life would be quite different today.
如果没有电,今天的生活就会完全不同。
But for your help,it would have caused a serious loss.
要不是你的帮助,那将会导致巨大的损失。
I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn’t been busy that day,I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了。1.(2010·湖南卷)If he________my advice,he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A.followed B.should follow
C.had followed D.would follow
解析: 句意为:如果他(当时)接受我的建议,就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为if条件句表示与过去事实相反,故采用过去完成时。
答案: C2.(2011·厦门市质量检查)—Thank you for reminding me of the time,or I ________late yesterday.
—Don’t mention it.
A.should be B.would be
C.will have been D.would have been
解析: 考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事,因此要使用情态动词would+完成式。谢谢你提醒我时间,不然昨天我就迟到了。
答案: D3.(2011·山东潍坊质检)________more careful,the mistake would not have been made.
A.If he is B.Had he been
C.Should he be D.If he has been
解析: 从主句中的would not have been made 可知,这是与过去相反的虚拟语气,因此从句谓语动词用had been 的形式,又因助动词为had时,可将if省掉,had提前,故B项正确。
答案: B
(1)在名词性从句中,常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气,形式为:(should)+动词原形。常这样用的动词有:advise 劝告,demand 要求,desire 渴望,command 命令,insist 坚持,prefer 宁愿,urge 主张,order 命令,recommend 推荐,request 要求,require 要求,suggest 建议,以及这些词的名词形式。
Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examination.
简苍白的脸色表明她生病了,她父母建议她做一下医学检查。(2)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish+主语+动词过去式或were
表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+主语+had+过去分词
表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish+主语+would+动词原形
I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
但愿你明天跟我们一块去。
I wish she had taken my advice.
那时她要是听我的话就好了。1.(2010·福建卷)Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A.not allow B.do not allow
C.mustn’t allow D.couldn’t allow
解析: 句意为:为了安全起见,老师建议家长不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。recommend,suggest,insist,order,request,advise等表“建议、命令、要求”等意思的动词,后接宾语从句时,宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。
答案: A2.(2011·山东潍坊质量抽样)The order came that the medical supplies ________to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A.would be sent B.should send
C.be sent D.must be sent
解析: 当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order,suggest,command等)后面接从句时,从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用should+do,should可以省略。order后的同位语从句也用虚拟语气,故选C项。
答案: C
(1)would rather 句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望,意为“宁愿,但愿”。
I’d rather we didn’t go to see a film this evening.
我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。
(2)It is(high/about)time(that)...句型中的虚拟语气
在句型“It is (high/about)time...”后面也可跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should+动词原形”,意为“该是……的时候了”。
It is time (that)we went home.我们该回家了。(3)if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气
在“if only”引导的感叹句中,要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could+动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
If only I had not been ill last week!
要是上周我没病该多好啊!1.(2010·合肥第三次教学检测)—Sorry,Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.
—Well.________you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games.
A.As if B.Even if
C.If only D.Only if
解析: 考查虚拟语气。句意为:——爸爸,对不起,我的学习情况不太好。——哦,要是你不把那么多的时间浪费在网络游戏上就好了。if only(但愿)接虚拟语气,表示对过去情况的假设。as if好像,even if即使,only if只有,都是状语从句的连词,不符合语意。
答案: C2. (2011·青岛一模)—My uncle suggests I________abroad.
—I would rather you________at home.
A.go;stay B.went;stayed
C.go;stayed D.went;stay
解析: suggest当“建议”讲时,从句中要用虚拟语气,结构是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。would rather后面跟从句时,从句中也要用虚拟语气,根据语境此处应用过去时。
答案: C1.(2010·湖南卷)You________buy a gift,but you can if you want to.
A.must B.mustn’t
C.have to D.don’t have to
解析: 句意为:你不必买礼物了,但是如果你愿意的话也可以买。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知此处须用否定形式,故排除A、C项;mustn’t 表示禁止;don’t have to 意为“不必……”。
答案: D2.(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Just be patient.You________expect the world to change so soon.
A.can’t B.needn’t
C.may not D.will not
解析: 句意为:耐心点,你不能指望这个世界变得如此之快。本题考查情态动词。这里用can’t 表示“不能,不可以,不可能”。needn’t没有必要;may not 可能不;will not 将不,都不符合句意。
答案: A3.(2010·四川卷)—________I take the book out?
—I’m afraid not.
A.Will B.May
C.Must D.Need
解析: 句意为:——我可以把书带出去吗?——恐怕不能。本题考查情态动词。请求对方的允许时常使用can 或may,故B为答案。
答案: B4.(2010·重庆卷)You________park here!It’s an emergency exit.
A.wouldn’t B.needn’t
C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
解析: 句意为:你不可以在此停车!因为这是紧急通道。考查情态动词。mustn’t 表示“禁止”;wouldn’t 表示“不会”;needn’t 表示“不必”;couldn’t 表示“不可能”。由语境得知,这里表示“禁止停车”,故选D。
答案: D5.(2010·辽宁卷)Doctors say that exercise is important for health,but it________be regular exercise.
A.can B.will
C.must D.may
解析: 句意为:医生说锻炼对健康很重要,但那必须是经常性的锻炼。本题考查情态动词。A.可能;B.将会;C.必须;D.可能。
答案: C6.(2010·天津卷)Mark________have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.
A.needn’t B.wouldn’t
C.mustn’t D.couldn’t
解析: 句意为:Mark 本不必那么匆忙。他极速行驶,最后早到了半个小时。本题考查情态动词。needn’t have done表示过去不必要做的事情却做了。couldn’t have done 表示过去不可能做了(某事);wouldn’t have done 用在表与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中;mustn’t 表禁止,不用在此结构中。
答案: A7.(2010·陕西卷)—May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No,you________.You read it in here.
A.mightn’t B.won’t
C.needn’t D.mustn’t
解析: 句意为:——我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗?——不行,绝对不可以。你(只能)在这里阅读。本题考查情态动词的用法。mightn’t 可能不;will表意愿或决心;needn’t 不必;mustn’t 用于说话者要某人不做某事,绝对不可以。例如:You mustn’t leave the gate open.你不要敞着大门。
答案: D8.(2010·江西卷)I have told you the truth.________I keep repeating it?
A.Must B.Can
C.May D.Will
解析: 句意为:我已经告诉你实情了。非要我一遍遍重复吗?本题考查情态动词。must 表示对方的行为使说话人不满或懊恼,意为“偏要”。can,may 用在句首表请求或疑问。
答案: A9.(2010·浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy________.
A.would have been saved
B.had been saved
C.will be saved
D.was saved
解析: 句意为:如果我了解这种电脑程序的话,就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考查虚拟语气。如果表示与过去事实相反的话,条件句采用过去完成时态(如果省略if可采用部分倒装结构),主句谓语动词应采用“would+have+过去分词”的结构,故答案为A项。
答案: A10.(2010·陕西卷)If we________the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A.take B.had taken
C.took D.have taken
解析: 句意为:如果我们走另一条路,我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根据句意及后边主句谓语might have arrived 可知if 从句表示与过去事实相反,故if从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。
答案: B课件48张PPT。非谓语动词
不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句,不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。
1.不定式用来作目的状语:作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语,这里往往译作“为了,想要”。
(2009·辽宁卷)To be a winner,you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家,你要付出所有并竭尽全力。2.不定式用于so...as to ...,such...as to;enough to;too...to;only to等结构中作结果状语。
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?
你能不能行行好,借给我你的自行车?
He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。
He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。专家提醒: “only+to do”表示出乎意料的结果,tell 和主语He 之间存在动宾关系,因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
His parents died,leaving him an orphan.
他的父母去世了,使他成为孤儿。1.(2010·江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting________.
A.to discover B.to be discovered
C.discovered D.being discovered
解析: 句意为:很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此题空格处用不定式来表示目的,而且actors与discover之间为被动关系,所以B项为答案。
答案: B2.(2010·合肥第二次教学检测)—Why are the students working so hard these days.
—________ready for the coming entrance examination.
A.To get B.Get
C.Getting D.Got
解析: 考查非谓语动词。根据答语“为了即将来临的入学考试准备”可知,此句是省略句,不定式作状语,表示目的。
答案: A3.(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)With Father’s Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank________presents for my dad.
A.buy B.to buy
C.buying D.to have bought
解析: 句意为:父亲节就要到了,我已经从银行取了些钱出来准备给爸爸买些礼物。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。从语境看,本空在句中作目的状语,用不定式,因此A的动词原形、C的现在分词、D的不定式完成式都不符合题意。
答案: B
1.过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样,修饰主句的谓语动词,意义上相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
(2009·江西卷)Given the right kind of training,these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果得到正确的训练,这些少年足球选手有朝一日可能成为国际明星。
(2009·福建卷)Reminded not to miss the flight at 15∶20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
提醒不要错过15∶20的航班,他匆忙出发过了机场。2.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,这样的词有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等,不管它们作什么成分都不用其-ing形式。
Lost in the mountains for a week,we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失一个星期,我们最终被当地警察所救。
Absorbed in his book,he didn’t notice me enter the room.
专心读书,他没注意到我进入房间。1.(2010·陕西卷)________from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A.Seen B.Seeing
C.Having seen D.To see
解析: 句意为:从塔顶往下看,南边的山脚下是一片树的海洋。本题考查分词作状语。分词作状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。主语the south foot of the mountain 与see 在逻辑上为被动关系,四个选项中只有A项表被动。
答案: A2.(2010·杭州市第二次教学检测)________by a greater demand for green products,the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality.
A.Driven B.Being driven
C.To drive D.Having driven
解析: 考查非谓语动词。绿色食品的巨大需求使食品公司制订了更高的标准以保证质量。动词drive与其逻辑主语the food company 存在动宾关系,因此应该使用过去分词。
答案: A3.(2009·重庆卷)Michael’s new house is like a huge palace,________with his old one.
A.comparing B.compares
C.to compare D.compared
解析: 句意为:和旧房子相比,Michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。compare与逻辑主语Michael’s new house之间构成被动关系。
答案: D
1.动词的-ing 短语作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Being ill,he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病,他不能去上学。(原因)
My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.
我的车被交通拥挤堵住,所以延误了。(结果)
As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not moving,and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴随)
当交通路灯变绿灯时,我站了一会儿,一动不动,自问要做什么事。2.现在分词有:一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式,每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not 构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作;被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作;完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作;完成被动式(having being done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。
Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.
没有得到答复,他决定再写信去。
The old man,having worked abroad for twenty years,came back to his motherland.(work 与句子的主语The old man之间存在主谓关系,而且work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)在国外工作了二十年,这位老人回到了祖国。
Having been scolded many times,he determined to study hard to catch up with others.
多次被批评之后,他决定努力学习赶上他人。
3.有一些固定结构,如:generally speaking,taking everything into consideration,judging from/by等,无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。
Taking everything into consideration,the result is better than expected.
把一切因素考虑进去,结果比预料的要好。Judging from what he said,he must be an honest man.
从他说的话来判断,他一定是一位诚实的人。
4.现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别:如果是意义上的主谓关系,一般用动词-ing形式;如果是意义上的动宾关系,则一般用过去分词。
Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看,这个公园显得更加美丽。(see 与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)
Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看,我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)1.(2010·湖南卷)Dina,________for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A.struggling B.struggled
C.having struggled D.to struggle
解析: 句意为:几个月以来,Dina 一直努力想找一份女服务员的工作,最终她在当地一家广告代理处谋到了一个职位。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。设空处与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系,故排除B项;不定式作状语一般表示目的,故排除D项;C项相当于:Dina had_struggled_for_months to find a job as a waitress.而A项相当于:Dina was_struggling_for_months to find a job as a waitress.根据句意可知,C项更符合要求,故为答案。
答案: C2.(2010·北京卷)________at my classmates’ faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A.Looking B.Look
C.To look D.Looked
解析: 句意为:看着同学们的面孔,我从他们的眼中读出了同样的兴奋。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。look 是谓语动词形式,故排除;to look 通常表目的,在此不符合题意;look 与I构成逻辑上的主动关系,D项被排除。
答案: A3.(2010·海淀第二学期期末)________a written permission,he had to write another letter to the president of the university.
A.Not giving B.Not having been given
C.Having not given D.Having not been given
解析: 考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语是句子的主语,非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系,且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经发生,故用过去分词或现在分词的完成被动式,选B。
答案: B
1.现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
There are two roads before us,one leading to the beach,the other to the park.
在我们面前有两条路,一条通向沙滩,另一条通向公园。
2.过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。
(2009·北京卷)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm.
早饭他只喝自己农场种植的新鲜水果榨出来的果汁。
3.动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。
(2009·山东卷)We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。1.(2010·海南五校联考)I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours,for there are still some problems________.
A.remaining to settle B.remaining to be settled
C.remained to talk about D.to remain to discuss
解析: 考查非谓语动词。此处是分词短语作后置定语,remain与problems 之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词形式;问题是亟待被解决,故应用to be settled。综上所述可知答案为B。
答案: B2.(2010·重庆卷)Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one________first is the library.
A.repaired B.being repaired
C.repairing D.to be repaired
解析: 句意为:本市有许多建筑需要维修,但首先该维修的是图书馆。考查非谓语动词作定语。the one(building)与repair之间为被动关系,故排除C项;A项表已经完成;B项表正在进行;D项表将来。根据题意,正确答案为D项。
答案: D3.(2010·北京卷)I’m calling to enquire about the position________in yesterday’s China Daily.
A.advertised B.to be advertised
C.advertising D.having advertised
解析: 句意为:我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘职位的情况。本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。空格处部分作position 的定语,与position 在逻辑上是被动关系,根据句意“职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登”,表示被动及完成,故A项符合题意。
答案: A
1.过去分词作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。
I’ll have my house painted tomorrow.
明天我会让人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被动)
When I opened the door,I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
当我打开门时,我发现地面被落叶所覆盖。2.现在分词作宾语补足语:现在分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作,即动作过程的一个部分。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。
(2009·全国卷Ⅱ)They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑使交通畅通无阻。1.(2010·湖南卷)Listen!Do you hear someone________for help?
A.calling B.call
C.to call D.called
解析: 句意为:听!你听到有人正在求救吗?本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。设空处与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故排除D项;不定式作感官动词或使役动词的宾补要省去to且不表示动作正在进行,故排除C项;因为表示动作正在进行,故排除B项;现在分词calling 表主动且表正在进行,故为答案。
答案: A2.(2010·辽宁卷)Alexander tried to get his work________in the medical circles.
A.to recognize B.recognizing
C.recognize D.recognized
解析: 句意为:Alexander 试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。get sth.done 表示使某事物被做,如get my hair cut 表示理发;get her finger burnt 表示她的手指被烧伤。
答案: D3.(2011·哈尔滨检测)It’s wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt________with him.
A.to protected B.protected
C.protecting D.to be protected
解析: 本题考查非谓语动词。根据语境知felt 与protect 之间是被动关系,排除选项A和C;和父亲一起的徒步旅行已经结束,排除选项D。
答案: B
have,get 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have,get表示“使、让、叫”之意。
1.have sth.done=get sth.done 使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事)
I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。
Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
史密斯先生在度假期间,他家的房子被别人破门而入。1.(2010·青岛二模)—Hurry up,Mary! It’s time to go.
—I’m getting________.Have a little patience.
A.dress B.dressing
C.to dress D.dressed
解析: 考查非谓语动词。get dressed是一个固定的词组,表示“穿衣服”。语意:——Mary,快点,我们该走了。——稍等下,我正在穿衣服呢。
答案: D2.(2010·山东卷)I have a lot of readings________before the end of this term.
A.completing B.to complete
C.completed D.being completed
解析: 句意为:本学期结束前我有许多阅读要完成。考查非谓语动词作定语。have sth.to do有某事要做,to do的逻辑主语需和主句主语一致;当不定式的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时,可用have sth.to be done结构。
答案: B3.(2009·重庆卷)With the world changing fast,we have something new ________ with all by ourselves every day.
A.deal B.dealt
C.to deal D.dealing
解析: 本题考查不定式作定语。句意为:随着世界的快速变化,我们每天都有新的问题要独自处理。have something to deal,动词deal 逻辑上的主语是we,也就是句子的主语。
答案: C4.(2010·东城练习二)Every year,Tom remembers to have some flowers________to her mother on her birthday.
A.send B.sent
C.sending D.being sent
解析: 本题考查非谓语动词。have something done表示某事被做。
答案: B1.(2010·四川卷)In many people’s opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant ________.
A.to deal with B.dealing with
C.to be dealt with D.dealt with
解析: 句意为:许多人认为那家公司虽然相对比较小,但与之相处令人愉快。本题考查非谓语动词作主语补语。“主语+be+性质形容词+动词不定式”结构中,主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式需用及物动词形式,如:The work is very difficult to do.(do the work)This house is very comfortable to live in.(live in the house)本题中主语和不定式可构成的动宾关系为:deal with the company,所以A项正确。
答案: A2.(2010·上海卷)I had great difficulty________the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
A.find B.found
C.to find D.finding
解析: 句意为:在那个餐馆,我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。have difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing(做……有困难)是固定搭配,所以选D项。
答案: D3.(2010·上海卷)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues________with her stories.
A.amused B.amusing
C.to amuse D.to be amused
解析: 句意为:Lucy很有幽默感,总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。考查非谓语动词作宾补。首先排除C、D,因为keep 后不用不定式作宾补。amused 觉得好笑的;amusing 逗人笑的,令人觉得好笑的。
答案: A4.(2010·浙江卷)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and________less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A.being weighed B.to weigh
C.weighed D.weighing
解析: 句意为:交通规则规定:四岁以下,体重不到40磅的小孩必须坐在安全的座位上。考查非谓语动词作后置定语。分析句子结构可知,空格处的内容和under the age of four 并列作young children 的后置定语,weigh“重量为……”此处为不及物动词,没有被动形式,故排除A和C两项;动词不定式作后置定语也需要用及物动词,B项也被排除。
答案: D5.(2010·辽宁卷)We were astonished ________the temple still in its original condition.
A.finding B.to find
C.find D.to be found
解析: 句意为:发现那座寺庙依然是最初的面貌,我们很惊讶。本题考查不定式表示出乎意料的结果;另外be astonished to do也是常用的搭配,表示某人做某事的情绪,如:be pleased to see,be sorry to say等等。
答案: B6.(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Mrs White showed her students some old maps________from the library.
A.to borrow B.to be borrowed
C.borrowed D.borrowing
解析: 句意为:怀特老师把从图书馆借来的几张旧地图展示给学生看。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。the map和borrow之间是逻辑上的被动关系,而且表示已经发生的动作,因此用过去分词作定语。
答案: C7.(2010·陕西卷)His first book________next month is based on a true story.
A.published B.to be published
C.to publish D.being published
解析: 句意为:他的第一本书下个月将出版,这本书基于一个真实的故事写成。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。book 与publish 在逻辑上为被动关系,故排除C项;A项表完成;B项表将来;D项表正在进行。根据时间状语next month 可知事情将要发生,故正确答案为B项。
答案: B8.(2010·江西卷)The lady walked around the shops,________an eye out for bargains.
A.keep B.kept
C.keeping D.to keep
解析: 句意为:这位女士在商店周围闲逛,注意看有没有特价商品。本题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。因shops 后为逗号,所以后面的部分不应该是句子,不用谓语动词的形式,排除A项;D项为不定式,常表目的,用在此处不符合句意;keep 和其逻辑上的主语是主动关系,不用过去分词,排除B项。
答案: C9.(2010·福建卷)In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained________abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A.sticking B.stuck
C.to be stuck D.to have stuck
解析: 句意为:四月,成千上万的度假者由于受到火山灰的影响,滞留在外。本题考查非谓语动词作表语。主语holidaymakers 与stick间为被动关系,排除A、D两项;remain+过去分词,表示状态;remain+be done 表示将来。综上所述,答案为B项。
答案: B10.(2010·山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already________for a meal to be cooked.
A.laid B.laying
C.to lay D.being laid
解析: 句意为:起居室既干净又整洁,餐桌已经摆好了。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。table 与lay 在逻辑上是被动关系,排除B项;从already 可以看出动作已经发生,故排除C、D两项;A项表示被动且完成,故为正确答案。
答案: A课件63张PPT。高考英语复习突破课件:语法专题九 正反解读动词的时态、语态(新课标人教版)
专题九 正反解读动词的时态、语态专题九 │ 考点荟萃 动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考的必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解,其中现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为频繁。此外,为了增加试题的区分度,命题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致结合在一起考查。 在解题时要注意以下几个问题:
1. 这个动作可能发生在什么时间?题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些?
2. 这个动作处于什么状态?是进行中,还是已结束(完成)?限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些?
3. 这个动作与主语的关系,是主动还是被动?
只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题,试题的答案也就水落石出了。
专题九 │ 正面解读一、动词时态的基本结构和用法
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读
专题九 │ 正面解读二、几种易混时态的辨析
1. 一般现在时与现在进行时
一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的行为。 而现在进行时则具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。如:
On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi.
This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door.
专题九 │ 正面解读 如:
[2010·重庆卷] The palace caught fire three times in the last century,and little of the original building ________ now.
A.remains
B.is remained
C.is remaining
D.has been remained
【解析】 A 考查动词用法及时态。remain作不及物动词用,表示“剩下,仍有”,只能用于主动语态,不可直接跟宾语。结合语境应用一般现在时表示现状。专题九 │ 正面解读2. 一般过去时和现在完成时
一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。如:
I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now. )
I have stayed in Beijing for five days and haven't decided where to go next. (I am still in Beijing now and don't know where to go next.)专题九 │ 正面解读 [2010·北京卷] —I'm sorry,but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry,I ________myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A.hadn't made
B.wouldn't make
C.don't make
D.haven't made
【解析】 D 本题考查时态和情景交际。答句句意为:抱歉,我还没有把我的意思表达明白,强调对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时态。专题九 │ 正面解读3. 一般过去时和过去进行时
一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。过去进行时则表示在过去某个时间点或时间段正在做某事。进行时具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。专题九 │ 正面解读 如:
I read a book last month. (书已经在过去某个时间点读完)
I was reading a book last month. (书未读完)
— Has Sam finished his homework today?
— I have no idea. He ________it this morning.
A.did B.has done
C.was doing D.had done
【解析】 C 此题容易误选A。根据I have no idea这一关键信息可知,说话者对是否完成并不知道,因此用进行时,表示今天上午在做。专题九 │ 正面解读4. 一般过去时和过去完成时
判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去”的时间点或动作①,然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作②,并且判断该句是否强调②发生在①前。
The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.专题九 │ 正面解读5. 完成时和完成进行时的用法比较
现在完成时和过去完成时分别表示某一动作持续到现在或过去某一时间。现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时虽然也表示一个动作持续到现在或过去某一时间,但更强调动作的持续性。完成时强调动作的结果,完成进行时强调动作的延续。专题九 │ 正面解读 如:
(1) —Why does the river smell terrible?
—Because the water________.
A.have polluted
B.is being polluted
C.has been polluted
D.have been polluted
【解析】 C 考查完成时和完成进行时的用法和主谓一致。根据问句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响,时态用现在完成时,动词与主语是被动关系,用被动语态。主语是the water,谓语动词用单数,选C。专题九 │ 正面解读(2) He ________ articles for our newspaper these years, and he ________about 40 articles.
A.has written;has written
B.has been writing;writes
C.is writing;has been writing
D.has been writing;has written
【解析】 D 考查完成时和完成进行时的用法。由句意知“这些年他一直在写”,用has been writing;“已写完了”用has written。专题九 │ 正面解读三、被动语态
动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时,谓语动词用主动语态;当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时,谓语动词用被动语态。在主动语态中,句子通过谓语动词的不同形式体现出不同的时态形式;被动语态由“助动词be + 过去分词”构成,不同的时态通过 be 的不同形式体现。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。专题九 │ 正面解读专题九 │ 正面解读专题九 │ 反面解读专题九 │ 反面解读1. —Hi, Lucy, you look tired.
—I'm really tired. I ________the living room all day.
A.painted
B.had painted
C.have been painting
D.have been painted
【误】 学生容易分辨不清C与D的区别,而误选D。
【正】 C 表示我一整天都在刷房子,应该用现在完成进行时。专题九 │ 反面解读2. Nancy is not coming tonight. But she ________!(promise)
【误】 But she has promised.
【正】 But she promised.
【解析】 Nancy“答应要来”这个动作应该发生在过去,是过去作出的承诺,前文已告诉我们“她不来了”,因此诺言已跟现在没有关系,只是过去的一个动作。专题九 │ 反面解读3. 托尼给我打电话时,我刚完成工作,要开始洗澡。
【误】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower.
【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower.
【解析】 从关键信息I had just finished my work可以看出是“正要开始洗澡”应该是进行时,was starting 可以表示马上就要进行的动作;而started表示“开始了”。专题九 │ 反面解读4. I don't really work here; I ________until the new secretary arrives.
A.just help out
B.have just helped out
C.am just helping out
D.will just help out
【误】 此题易受第一句话的影响,而误选A。
【正】 表示我现在只是在临时帮忙,是现在正在进行的动作,选C。
【解析】 一般现在时表示现在的、经常性的行为或状态,而现在进行时表示正在进行的、暂时性的动作。专题九 │ 反面解读5. 很多的鸟类正被人们捕杀。
【误】 Many birds are killed now.
【正】 Many birds are being killed now.
【解析】 现在进行时的被动语态结构要完整,不能遗漏其中的助动词,导致时态错误。
专题九 │ 反面解读1. [2010·上海卷] The church tower which________will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A.has restored
B.has been restored
C.is restoring
D.is being restored
【解析】 D 本题考查被动语态。restore意为“修复”,而最后一句表明工程还未完成,因此为正在修复中,选D。专题九 │ 实战演练2. [2009·北京卷] John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather________ with them to school.
A.took B.had taken
C.were taking D.would take
【答案】 B
3. [2009·辽宁卷] Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair________ all day. Could you speak to her now?
A.phones B.has phoned
C.has been phoning D.phoned
【解析】 C 考查现在完成进行时。由all day可以看出一直在打电话,此时仍然在打,过去发生的动作持续到现在并仍在进行,选C。专题九 │ 实战演练4. [2009·天津卷] My parents ________ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
A.live B.lived C.were living D.will live
【解析】 A 考查时态。后句意思为:他们出生在香港,从来没有在别的地方住过。由此可知前句“一直在香港住”,时态用一般现在时,说明事实,选A。
专题九 │ 实战演练5. [2009·江苏卷] —Ann is in hospital.
—Oh, really? I ________know. I ________go and visit her.
A.didn't; am going to
B.don't; would
C.don't; will
D.didn't; will
【解析】 D 由答语中的“Oh, really?”可以看出,“我”是刚刚知道的,所以用I didn't know表示现在之前不知道。A项中的am going to表示“说话时早有的打算”,而D项中的will则表示“说话时临时的打算”。
专题九 │ 实战演练6.[2009·上海卷] During the period of recent terrorist activities, people ______not to touch any unattended bag.
A.had always been warned
B.were always being warned
C.are always warning
D.always warned
【解析】 B 根据时间状语可知是指过去,be always doing sth.表示“一种感彩”,并且人们与警告之间是被动的关系,选B。
专题九 │ 实战演练7.He________ football regularly for many years when he was young.
A.was playing B.played
C.has played D.had played
【解析】 B 考查考生对题干中句子含义的理解以及对动词时态的掌握情况。由题干中的“for many years”很多同学推断出应为现在完成时,但“when he was young”这个时间状语表明他打球是过去时,未持续到现在。由“regularly” 可知他过去经常打球,是一种过去的习惯性的动作,选B。专题九 │ 实战演练8. [2010·全国卷Ⅱ] Linda,make sure the tables ________ before the guests arrive.
A.be set B.set
C.are set D.are setting
【解析】 C 考查动词时态语态。make sure意为“确信,确保”,set tables意为“摆放桌子”,结合语境应用被动形式。专题九 │ 实战演练9. [2010·全国卷Ⅱ] Excuse me. I________ I was blocking your way.
A.didn't realize
B.don't realize
C.haven't realized
D.wasn't realizing
【解析】 A 考查动词时态。这里应用一般过去时表示说话之前“没有意识到”。专题九 │ 实战演练10.My friend went to Canada three years ago. He________ there for a few months and then went to America.
A.was living B.has lived
C.was lived D.lived
【解析】 D 句意为:我的朋友三年前去了加拿大,他在那里住了几个月,然后去了美国。由句意可知,住在加拿大这个情况发生在过去,且已经结束,故用一般过去时。
专题九 │ 实战演练
11.[2010·四川卷] —When shall we restart our business?
—Not until we ________ our plan.
A.will finish B.are finishing
C.are to finish D.have finished
【解析】 D 考查动词时态。状语从句用现在时代替将来时,这里表示计划完成后,所以用现在完成时。专题九 │ 实战演练12.—Have you read the book called Waiting for Anya?
—Who ________it?
A.writes B.has written C.wrote D.had written
【解析】 C 本题考查时态。题干中的答句问“谁写的这本书?”说明此书肯定是过去写的,所以用动词的过去式。
13.They________ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they'd never have been able to afford to go.
A.had got B.got C.have got D.get
【解析】 B 本题考查时态。句意为:他们得到了两张去加拿大的免费票,否则他们将永远也去不起。此题叙述事实,又发生在过去,选B。专题九 │ 实战演练14.—The singer together with her band ________invited to the concert. Did you enjoy that party?
—No, no sooner ________than they sang their top hit Oh My Baby.
A.was; I had left B.were; I have gone
C.was; had I left D.were; did I leave
【解析】 C 主谓一致、时态及倒装的综合考查。主语(the singer)后面跟有together with引起的短语,谓语动词与前面的主语一致,所以要用was;否定词no sooner和than连用,且位于句首时,用部分倒装结构,表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生,相当于汉语的“一……就……”。专题九 │ 实战演练15.[2010·四川卷] You've failed to do what you ________ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you.
A.will expect
B.will be expected
C.expected
D.were expected
【解析】 D 考查动词时态。由语境“老师将批评你”,知道你没有完成应该做的,所以用过去时,expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期待某人做某事”,此处要用被动形式。专题九 │ 实战演练16.[2010·安徽卷] —Were you surprised by the ending of the film?
—No. I ________ the book,so I already knew the story.
A.was reading B.had read
C.am reading D.have read
【解析】 B 考查时态。句意为:“你对电影结果感到吃惊吗?”“不,我已经读过这本书,所以我已知道了这个故事。”“读书”是在“看电影”之前,故用过去完成时。专题九 │ 实战演练17.[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] —Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
—No,I ________ my homework all day yesterday.
A.was doing B.would do
C.had done D.do
【解析】 A 考查动词时态。all day yesterday是信息词,暗示用过去进行时。专题九 │ 实战演练18.[2010·辽宁卷] I ________ all the cooking for my family,but recently I've been too busy to do it.
A.will do B.do
C.am doing D.had done
【解析】 B 考查动词时态。第一句表示通常、一般性的一种状况,所以用一般现在时态。句意为:我为一家人做饭,但是最近我太忙不能做了。专题九 │ 实战演练19.[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________.
A.is made B.would make
C.was to be made D.had made
【解析】 C 考查动词时态和语态。make a fortune表“发财”,此处是被动语态,was to be made表示过去将来时,相当于would be made。专题九 │ 实战演练20.[2010·福建卷] Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________ before leaving their hometowns.
A.promised B.were promised
C.have promised D.have been promised
【解析】 D 考查动词时态。句意为:因为在离开家乡前被许诺的能挣钱的工作,每年大量的农民工涌入深圳。由句中arrive的时态可知此处的时态是现在时,又根据before leaving their hometowns可知在离开家乡前的承诺,强调结果,所以该空应为现在完成时。专题九 │ 实战演练21.[2010·福建卷] —Guess what,we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice!You ________ a different culture then.
A.will be experiencing
B.have experienced
C.have been experiencing
D.will have experienced
【解析】 A 考查动词时态。由第一句可知:我们已经得到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证,再由第二句中then可知:这是对去英国旅行的美好祝愿,动作尚未发生。因此时态应为将来进行时。专题九 │ 实战演练22.[2010·安徽卷] —We've spent too much money recently.
—Well,it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives ________ around all the time.
A.are coming
B.had come
C.were coming
D.have been coming
【解析】 D 考查时态。句意为:“最近我们花钱太多了。”“一点也不奇怪。我们一直有朋友和亲戚来。”句中出现了明显的时间状语recently和all the time。专题九 │ 实战演练23.[2010·北京卷] In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words ________.
A.are dropped B.drop
C.are being dropped D.have dropped
【解析】 A 本题考查动词的时态和语态。the “r” sounds和drop之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,要用被动语态;题目描述的是习惯做法,要用一般现在时态。专题九 │ 实战演练24.[2010·北京卷] —I'm not finished with my dinner yet.
—But our friends ________for us.
A.will wait B.wait
C.have waited D.are waiting
【解析】 D 本题考查动词的时态。根据第一句话可知,双方谈论的是正在发生的事情,故用现在进行时态。专题九 │ 实战演练25.Unfortunately,when I got to her flat, she________,so we had only a moment for a few words.
A.just left B.had just left
C.has just left D.was just leaving
【解析】 D 考查时态。从后半句的“所以我们仅用一会儿时间说了几句话”可知,当说话人到达那位女士的公寓时,她正要离开,应该用过去进行时表示过去马上要发生的动作。专题九 │ 实战演练26.—Has Tom already finished his new story?
—I have no idea. He ________it last month.
A.had written B.was writing
C.would write D.wrote
【解析】 B 本题考查时态。过去某个动作表示未完成或者不知道有没有完成时,用过去进行时态,句中是不知道有没有完成,所以本题选择B项。专题九 │ 实战演练27.—How come your father can read books in German?
—Well, he ________on a project with some German engineers for 3 years when he was young.
A.worked B.was working
C.had worked D.would work
【解析】 A 考查动词时态。尽管应答句中有3 years表时间段,但由时间状语从句可知此处是陈述过去的事实,故用一般过去时,选A。专题九 │ 实战演练28.—What's the problem, Sir?
—You ________at least at a speed of about 100 miles per hour.
A.are driving
B.drive
C.were driving
D.have been driving
【答案】 C专题九 │ 实战演练29.—Are you still very busy?
—Yes,I ________the report for the manager and it won't take long.
A.have just finished
B.am just finishing
C.had just finished
D.am just going to finish
【解析】 B 考查现在进行时态表示将来的用法。根据“it won't take long”推知,报告将要写完但并没有写完。专题九 │ 实战演练30.—What are you going to do this afternoon?
—I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ________quite early, so we ________to the bookstore after that.
A.finished; are going B.finished; go
C.finishes; are going D.finishes; go
【解析】 C 由问句和答语I am going…可知,要用将来时态,排除选项A和B;电影的开始和结束是电影院在时刻表中已有的计划,用一般现在时表示,而表示最近的打算或安排,则可用现在进行时表示。专题九 │ 实战演练