典型陷阱题分析-介词
介词考点
?
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
?
1. “You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn’t you?” “Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.”
A. to, with B. for, with
C. for, for D. at, for
?
【陷阱】容易误选 B 或D。
【分析】答案应选 A。第一空填to 比较好理解，因为此处的late为副词，用以修饰 go to the stadium 中的动词go；而第二句的 with 则是许多同学不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，现将两者区别如下：be late for表示做某事迟到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比较：
We were late for dinner. 我们吃饭迟到了。
We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我们吃饭吃得迟。
句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是“我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点”。
?
2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
?
【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 B。
【分析】答案应选 D。按英语习惯，除except, but 等极个别介词外，英语介词后通常不能直接跟 that 从句作宾语。遇此情况，通常是在 that 从句前加上 the fact，此时 the fact 用作介词宾语，而其后 that 从句则用作 the fact 的同位语。请看类似试题（答案选均D）：
(1) They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(2) She must face up to _______ she is no longer young.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(5) The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
?
3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed
A. which B. since
C. because D. because of
?
【陷阱】容易误选C。因为按英语语法习惯，because是连词，其后接句子；而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词等。
【分析】此题答案选D。because 作为从属连词，主要用于引导原因状语从句，既然是引导一个从句，也就是说它的后面不能再连用“引导词”。如：
He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。
They can’t have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。
Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.这家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。
假若，一个从句已经有了自己的“引导词”，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 这个连词了。如：
She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因为你说的话。
句中的 what 相当于 the thing that，也就是说 what you said 相当于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的宾语，而that you said 为修饰 the thing 的定语从句。
He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因为对老板的态度(不好)而丢了工作。
句中的 how 相当于 the way in which，也就是说 how he treated his boss相当于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的宾语，而in which he treated his boss 为修饰 the way 的定语从句。
4. “How long have you been an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”
A. After B. In
C. From D. Since
?
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为D。若仅从答句来看，四个答案都说得过去。但若结合问句的语境以答案应选D，因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。比较：
“When did you became an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”
A. After B. In
C. From D. Since
此题选B，因为问句问的是when(何时)，所以用 in 1995 来回答便顺理成章。
请再看两题：
(1) “How long have you worked on the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案选D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即问句问“工作了多久”，答句说“自去年年底至今”。
(2) “How long will you work on the farm?” “____ the end of next year.”
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案选B，问句问“将工作多久”，答句说“工作明年明底”。
(3) “When did you leave the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案选C，问句问“何时离开”，答句说“去年明底离开”。
?
5. Don’t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.
A. about B. with
C. to D. for
?
【陷阱】容易误选B。根据汉语的“对某人生气”，将其中的“对”直译为to。
【分析】最佳答案为 B。按英语习惯，要表示对某人生气，通常用 be angry with [at] sb，要表示对某事生气，通常用 be angry at [about] sth(在美国英语中也用 be angry with sth，但不说 be angry with sb)。比较以下表达，其中的“对”也不用to来翻译：
你对这些安排感到满意吗?
误：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?
正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?
老师应该对他的学生严格要求。
误：Teachers should be strict to their students.
正：Teachers should be strict with their students.
?
6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.
A. with B. of
C. on D. by
?
【陷阱】容易误选A。根据 keep in touch with (与……保持联系)这一常用搭配推出。
【分析】正确答案是D。by 在这里表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。请再看几例(均与介词搭配有关)：
(1) We’ve talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?
A. of, with B. with, towards
C. about, about D. for, about
此题不要受 a lot of的影响而误选A。若第一空选 of，a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾语，但实际上动词 talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。最佳答案应是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词 talked 的状语，talk about才是一个动词短语。 全句意为“我们对电影已谈了不少，现在谈谈电视怎么样?” What about…意为“……怎么样”，用于征求意见。
(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.
A. as B. with
C. of D. by
有的同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard … as … (把……当作……)这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正确答案是B，句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。
典型陷阱题分析-代词
代词考点
?
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
?
1. _____ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Who ever
?
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响：
Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。
以上三句中 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，其中的 whoever均可换成 anyone who，但是不能换成 anyone。以上试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实它们有本质的不同，即 _____ with any common sense 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with any common sense 为修饰 anyone 的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下，答案选B：
_______ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Who ever
?
2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _____ it and they each _____ to buy one.
A. like, want B. likes, wants
C. likes, want D. like, wants
?
【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数动词，因为其主语是 boy and girl，为复数；第二空填单数动词，因为其前有 each，表示“每一个”。
【分析】事实上，此题应选C。因为按英语习惯，every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填复数动词 want，是因为其前的主语是 they 而不是 each（each 为主语的同位语）。
?
3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other
C. other D. another
?
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)：
He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。
English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。
【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加 other，主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内：若在范围之内，则用 other (以排除自己与自己比较)；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。比较下面一题：
China is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
此题应选B，因为 China 在 Asia 的范围之内。假若选A，则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。而选B，则表示“中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大”，这才合乎事实。
?
4. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
A. what, both B. what, none
C. which, both C. which, none
?
【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。
?
5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
A. Neither, not B. Both, more
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
?
【陷阱】很容易误选B，因为前文提到 coffee 和 beer 为两者，所以有的同学就认为应选 both 和 more 与之对应(more 为比较级，指两者比较)。
【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C。
?
6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what
C. how D. which
?
此题答案选D，主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”请看类似试题：
(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
A. what B. when
C. which D. who
此题最佳答案为D。句意为：“谁告诉你的？”“噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”
(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
A. what B. when
C. which D. whom
此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了”。
7. These trousers are dirty and wet — I’ll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers
C. others D. other
?
【陷阱】容易误选A、B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。
?
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
?
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择依据可能是one … the other …这一常用结构。
【分析】最佳答案为D。使用one … the other … 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个……，另一个……”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another。又如(答案均选D，即选 another)：
(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _____ one?
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
(2) I have many such novels. I’ll bring _____ tomorrow.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
比较以下各例：
(1) Shut ____ eye, Jim.
A. another B. some other
C. other D. the other
答案选D，因为人的眼睛只有两只，故用 one … the other … 结构。
(2) It’s sometimes hard to tell one twin from _____.
A. another B. some other
C. other D. the other
答案选D，twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”，即指两者之一，故用 one … the other … 这一结构。
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each
C. every D. either
此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此题的最佳答案应为B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。
?
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
A. anything B. anyone
C. anybody D. anywhere
?
【陷阱】容易误选B、C。因为句子主语指人，似乎只有B、C才与之一致。
【分析】其实，正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。
?
11. Tell _______ you like — it makes no difference to me.
A. anyone B. who
C. whoever D. what
?
【陷阱】容易从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。但若将A, B两项合起来，即用 anyone who这样的形式则也可以。选 C，whoever 引导一个宾语从句，用作动词 tell的宾语。同样地，请看以下类似试题：
(1) _____ comes is welcome.
A. Anyone B. Who
C. Anyone who D. Everyone
此题很容易误选A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”，但若选A，此句的结构是混乱的，句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is，但却只是一个句子。此题应选C，anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。
(2) _____ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.
A. Anyone B. Who
C. Whoever D. Everyone
此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who。
(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever
C. whoever D. no matter who
此题不能选A，假若选A，应在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能选B，一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词 shares)，二是因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个词已基本废除 (也就是说，在现代英语中 whoever 既用作主语，也用作宾语，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不能选D，因为 no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C，whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。
比较下例，答案应选A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：
It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever
12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.
A. such, it B. that, it
C. such, 不填 D. that，不填
?
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。
【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一空填that，that 用作副词，相当于 so，又如：
Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot）
I can only tell you that much. 我只能告诉你这么多。（其中的 that much 可以换成 so much，但不能换成 such much）
注意第一空不能填such，因为such 不用作副词，即它不用于修饰形容词。
另外，汉语中说“好好想一想”，通常可以不带宾语，但英语中的think over 是及物动词，如果用它来表示“好好想一想”，应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语，所以本题应用 think it over，相当于 think the problem over。
?
?
13. The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change ______.
A. another B. a good one
C. it with another D. it for another
?
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。英语中的 change sth 表示的是“换某物”，sth 是被换的东西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。比较：
That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。
That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件小一点的。
?
14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything
C. something D. nothing
?
【陷阱】此题容易误选 B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】其实此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子：
______ likes money, but money is not ______.
A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything
最佳答案选A，句意为“大家都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的”。
?
15. “Is there ______ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody B. everybody
C. somebody D. nobody
?
【陷阱】此题容易误选 A。认为这是一般疑问句，要用 anybody。
【分析】其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：
“Is there ______ here?” “Yes, I’m upstairs. Please come and help me.”
A. anybody B. everybody
C. somebody D. nobody
此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。
请再看一例：
“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
A. something B. anything
C. everything D. nothing
答案选C，句意为“玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？”“还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。”
C. whom D. whomever
16. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
?
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，机械地套用以下规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的，但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B，something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。同样地，下面几题的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：
(1) It’s not _____ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(2) It’s not _____ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(3) Self-control is not _____ that comes with your birth.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(4) This is not _____ that would disturb me anyway.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
?
17. Some say one thing, but _____.
A. other, another B. others, another
C. others, the other D. the others, others
?
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选B。but others another 为 but others say another 之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉，以避免重复。如：
One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。(wounded 前省略了 was)
I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工厂工作，我弟弟在农场工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works)
My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。（on the third 前省略了 is）
?
18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
A. that B. he
C. one D. which
?
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题答案选C，one 相当于 a student。类似地，以下各题也选one，它们分别相当于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：
(1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood.
A. one B. it
C. those D. which
(2)“Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have _____?”
A. it B. that
C. one D. this
(3) The question is _____ of great importance.
A. that B. it
C. one D. what
(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can’t afford to buy ______.
A. one B. it
C. them D. the one
(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one
C. it D. what
典型陷阱题分析-冠词
冠词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. “Do you know ______ English for ‘帅哥’?” “I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in _______ English language.” A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填 【陷阱】容易误选D，因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。 【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如： (1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如： The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。 (2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如： What’s the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说? (3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如： There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。
2. I couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church. A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, a D. 不填, 不填 【陷阱】容易误选D，因为星期名词前不加冠词；而 at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠词。 【分析】最佳答案为B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词；表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等，其前可用不定冠词。如： He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。 My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。
3.Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard? A. a, a B. 不填，不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填，a 【陷阱】误选A或B，认为hair(头发)和beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可数，要么都不可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。 【分析】最佳答案选D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同：hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 There’s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词（集合名词）时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较： He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。 He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。 而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如： He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。 Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。
?
4. I once watched _______ one-act play, which was played by _______ 11-year-old boy. A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a 【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填 a，因为 one-act ]，它的第一个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填an，是因为 11的英文是((((((的读音是[ ]，它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他：((((((eleven[ (1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _______ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with ________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students. A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a (2) We hired _______ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _______ 100-pound check for just one minute. A. a, an B. an, a C. a, a D. an, an
5. “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.” A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 【陷阱】误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。 【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a，比较好理解；而第二空填a是因为此句中的one 并非指前面提到的 pen，即这里的 one 与前面的 pen 并非同一事物，这从后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题： “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I found it in the corner.” A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 此题的最佳答案是 A不是C。请注意其后 I found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子： “Have you seen _______ new bike? I put it here just now.” “Is it _______ white one? A boy has ridden it away.” A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a 此题答案选A，注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。
6. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the 【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。 【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再做以下试题(答案选A)： (1) Jim is _______ brave boy and _______ boy never fearing anything. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the (2) It is really _______ useful dictionary and _______ dictionary every one of us needs. A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the
典型陷阱题分析-名词
名词考点
?
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
?
1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.
A. a, tear B. a piece of, tears
C. a, tears D. a piece of, tear
?
【陷阱】误选D，许多学生错误地认为，既然news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词，那么newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的；同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”，“水”不可数，“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。
【分析】最佳答案为C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词，它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。
Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。
She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。
The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎言。
A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。
顺便说一句，若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如：
Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。
?
2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.
A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist
C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter
?
【陷阱】误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook 用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type 用作动词，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。
【分析】而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。
?
3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”
A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics
C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics
?
【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。
【分析】对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic，要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”，英语通常说heavy traffic，即选A。如下面一题也是选A：
She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______.
A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics
C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics
?
4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.
A. cattle is B. cattle are
C. cattles are D. the cattles are
?
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，想当然地认为cattle是单数，并且空格有表单数的one，自然谓语动词用is。
【陷阱】其实，正确答案为B。cattle(牲畜，牛)为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s，却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：
For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。
The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。
类似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如：
The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。
In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。
It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。
?
5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.
A. mean, mean B. means, means
C. means, mean D. mean, means
?
【陷阱】误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。
【分析】其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为C，by all means为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：
All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。
Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。
若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：
Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?
6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.
A. so kind a, friends B. so a kind, friends
C. so kind a, friend D. so a kind, friend
?
【陷阱】误选C或D。认为 friend要用单数。
【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with是习语，意为“与……友好”、“跟……做朋友”，与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：
He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。
He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。
?
7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.
A. dozen of, dozen B. dozens of, dozens
C. dozens of, dozen D. dozens of, dozen of
?
【陷阱】误选 B。
【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：
(1) 当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of为错误选项：
Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen [D]
(2) 当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词 of，此时可将dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：
I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。
She’s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。
下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况：
Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。
(3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词 of不能省略。如：
several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔
注：英语较少使用many dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of。
(4) 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。如：
two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋
three dozen of them 它们中的3打
注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。
?
8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence.
A. an idea B. a mark
C. a sign D. a word
?
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】应选C，sign与mark的区别是：sign 的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：
(1) Those black clouds are a sure _____ that it’s going to rain.
A. thing B. mark
C. sign D. one
(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ______ of good harvest next year.
A. mark B. track
C. sign D. appearance
但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选mark，而选symbol(象征)：
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _____ of courage and power.
A. example B. sign
C. mark D. symbol
顺便说一句，在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。
?
9. “May I take your order now?” “We’d like three black _______ and two green _______.”
A. coffee, cups of teas B. coffees, teas
C. cups of coffee, tea D. cup of coffees, teas
?
【陷阱】误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。
【分析】选B。有的同学认为 coffee 和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同样，“三杯茶”既可说成 three cups of tea，也可说成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可说成 three glasses of beer，也可说成 three beers。
?
10. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. Walk B. Walking
C. The walk D. To walk
?
【陷阱】容易误选A或D。
【分析】最佳答案为B。分析如下：
(1) 首先，选项D不如选项B佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。
(2) 尽管walk用作名词时可以表示“散步”，但它是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”，要表示此义，要用动名词 walking。比较：
How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?
Walking does good to your health. 散步对你的健康有益。
类似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的区别也是一样：
(1) 名词的 dance表示“跳舞”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比较：
Let’s have a dance. 我们跳曲舞吧。
He is interested in dancing. 他对跳舞感兴趣。
(2) 名词的 swim表示“游泳”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 swimming。比较：
She had a swim every day. 她每天游一会儿泳。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
